Gaming Technologies Valuation Multiples

Tencent is the world's largest game publisher, with top-grossing mobile hits like Honor of Kings and Peacekeeper Elite and a steady pipeline of new titles. It also operates WeChat-China's super-app with roughly 1.3 billion users-embedded in daily life for messaging, short video, mini programs, payments, and shopping. Beyond its own platforms, Tencent is a prolific strategic investor, holding stakes in leading internet companies such as PDD, Kuaishou, and Xiaohongshu.

Altria comprises Philip Morris USA, US Smokeless Tobacco, John Middleton, Horizon Innovations, and Helix Innovations. Through its tobacco subsidiaries, Altria maintains the leading position in cigarettes and smokeless tobacco in the United States and the number-two spot in machine-made cigars. The company's Marlboro brand is the leading cigarette brand in the US with 42% annual share in 2024. Beyond its core business, it holds an 8% interest in the world's largest brewer, Anheuser-Busch InBev and a 41% stake in cannabis manufacturer Cronos. It also acquired vaping company Njoy Holdings in 2023 and operates a joint venture with Japan Tobacco in the heated tobacco category for the US.

Founded in the late 1990s as an internet portal, NetEase has evolved into China’s second-largest online gaming company. Its early success was anchored by the massively multiplayer online role-playing game Fantasy Westward Journey, which laid the foundation for a durable franchise strategy. Over the past decade, the company has expanded its portfolio with successful titles such as Justice, Identity V, Naraka: Bladepoint, and Eggy Party, all of which continue to maintain sizable and engaged player bases.In addition to its in-house development capabilities, NetEase partners with global IP holders such as Microsoft and Marvel to develop and publish titles based on established franchises, including World of Warcraft, Diablo Immortal, and Marvel Rivals, further strengthening its global presence.

Sea started as a gaming business, Garena, but in 2015 expanded into e-commerce. Sea operates Southeast Asia's largest e-commerce company, Shopee, in terms of gross merchandise value. Shopee is a hybrid C2C and B2C marketplace platform operating in Indonesia, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Brazil. For Garena, Free Fire is the key revenue generating game. Sea’s third business, SeaMoney, provides lending, payment, digital banking, and insurance services.As of March 31, 2025, Forrest Xiaodong Li, the founder, chairman and CEO, owned 59.1% of voting power. Tencent owned 18.5% of issued shares with no voting power.

Electronic Arts is one of the largest global developers and publishers of video games. Its most important franchises are the Madden NFL and FC soccer games, which it releases annually. In 2024, it also relaunched its American college football game. Other major franchises include Apex Legends, Battlefield, and The Sims. Typically, about three quarters of the firm’s sales are from in-game spending, with the remainder coming from initial game sales.

Roblox operates a free-to-play online video game platform with nearly 150 million daily active users. This platform has spawned a virtual universe and a Roblox economy based on the Robux currency. The platform houses millions of games from a wide range of creators—spanning from young gamers themselves to professional development studios. Roblox offers creators the tools, publishing abilities, and platform for their games, enabling anyone to create a game. Creators earn money when gamers make optional in-game purchases within their games and by offering space for real-world advertising, and Roblox earns revenue primarily by taking a cut of these earnings.

Constellation Brands is the largest provider of alcoholic beverages across the beer, wine, and spirits categories in the US, generating 84% of revenue from Mexican beer imports under top-selling brands such as Modelo and Corona. The rest of the business includes some remaining wine and spirits brands, categories where the company has pruned assets in recent years. With its exclusive rights tied to the Mexican beer brands, effective only in the US, the firm has limited revenue exposure to international markets. Constellation owns a 10% stake in Canopy Growth, a medicinal and recreational cannabis producer in Canada, and has a 50/50 joint venture with glass manufacturer Owens-Illinois in Mexico.

Konami is a Japanese video game and entertainment company best known for its eFootball, Yu-Gi-Oh!, Powerful Pro Baseball, and Metal Gear franchises. It operates four business divisions—digital entertainment, amusement, gaming and systems, and sports. Overseas sales account for the majority of the company’s revenue.

In 2016, Irish company Paddy Power merged with UK firm Betfair to form online gaming operator Flutter Entertainment. Today, Flutter has the top digital revenue share in the US, UK and Ireland, Australia, Italy, and many other countries. Some of its leading brands are FanDuel in the US, Sky Betting & Gaming and Paddy Power in the UK and Ireland, Sportsbet (acquired by Paddy Power beginning in 2009) in Australia, and Sisal in Italy. As of Dec. 31, 2024, the company offered products in over 100 countries and had 13.9 million average monthly users. In 2024, sports betting was 56% of revenue, online gaming 40%, and fantasy sports, horse racing, and other 4%. The company is scheduled to launch a predictive sports betting platform in late 2025.

Evolution AB is a B2B provider of live and slots casino systems. The Company develops, produces, markets, and licenses fully integrated online casino systems to gaming operators. The company provides business-to-business solutions, which it develops and produces for gaming operators. Evolution's primary product, Live Casino, allows a human dealer to run a real-time casino table, which is then streamed to digital devices. Players can then place bets on desktops, smartphones, and tablets and communicate with the dealer through Evolution's software. The company's services are licensed to casino operators. The company generates the vast majority of its revenue from Asia.

Nexon is a South Korean online game developer and publisher, founded in 1994 in Korea by Kim Jung-ju. In 2005, the company moved its headquarters to Tokyo, Japan, and has operations in Korea, the US, Taiwan, and Thailand. The company’s most notable franchises are MapleStory, Dungeon & Fighter, Sudden Attack, and KartRider. Nexon has been the publisher for EA’s FC Online game franchise in Korea and Japan since 2013. Nexon acquired an independent game developer, Embark Studios AB, located in Stockholm, Sweden, in 2019.

Allwyn AG, formerly known as OPAP Holding SA, is a gambling company that operates lotteries and sports betting, including horse races. The company is the exclusive gambling provider in Greece. The firm is organized into segments based on the type of game: Lotteries, Betting, Online betting, Other online games, Instant and Passives, VLTs, Telecommunication and eMoney services. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Lotteries segment. The gaming services are provided either online or through physical retailers. The company generates the vast majority of its revenue in Greece.

DraftKings got its start in 2012 as an innovator in daily fantasy sports. Then, following a Supreme Court ruling in 2018 that allowed states to legalize online sports wagering, the company expanded into online sports and casino gambling, where it generally holds the number-two or -three revenue share position across states where it competes. DraftKings is now live with online or retail sports betting in 28 states and i-gaming in 5 states, with both products available to around 40% of Canada's population. In 2024, sports revenue was 61% of total sales, i-gaming 32%, and fantasy and lottery 7%. The company plans to launch a predictive event platform in late 2025 and also operates a non-fungible token commission-based marketplace and develops and licenses online gaming products.

Chart Industries provides a variety of cryogenic equipment for storage, distribution, and other processes within the industrial gas and liquefied natural gas industries. It also provides natural gas processing solutions for the natural gas industry and specialty products that serve a variety of spaces, including hydrogen, biofuels, cannabis, and water treatment. The firm acquired Howden in a significant deal in early 2023, roughly doubling the size of the company. It plans to merge with Flowserve by the end of 2025.

The Lottery Corporation is Australia's largest provider of lottery, keno, and instant-scratch products, with long-dated and/or exclusive licenses for the lottery in all Australian states and territories except Western Australia, and in most states and territories for keno. Lottery Corp has a distribution network of more than 3,800 franchised retailers that sell instant-scratch and lottery products through vendors such as newsstands, gas stations, pharmacies, and convenience stores, as well as online sales. Keno is sold in over 3,400 bars and clubs.

Kunlun Tech Co Ltd engages in the development and distribution of online games in China. It also operates software application stores. The company develops and distributes web games, social games, mobile games, and software applications. Geographically, the company distributes its products in domestic and overseas markets.

Giant Network Group Co Ltd is engaged in Internet culture and entertainment business, research and development and operation of Internet games, and other Internet business.

Krafton Inc is a South Korea-based game developer and publisher engaged in creating and distributing PC, mobile, and console games. Its activities also extend to game software services, mobile app development, video content production, and related investment and consulting work. The company manages multiple studios, including PUBG Studio, Bluehole, RisingWings, Striking Distance Studios, Dreamotion, and Unknown Worlds, and is known for titles such as PUBG: Battlegrounds, New State Mobile, BGMI, Defense Derby, The Callisto Protocol, Ronin: The Last Samurai, Road to Valor, Moonbreaker, and Subnautica.

Super Group (SGHC) Ltd is a holding company that operates online sports betting and gaming businesses. The company's reportable segments are Betway, Spin, and Other. A majority of its revenue is generated from the Betway segment, which is a single-brand online sports betting and casino offering with licenses to operate throughout Europe, the Americas, and Africa. Spin is the company's multi-brand online casino offering, having a diverse portfolio of casino brands such as Jackpot City, Spin Casino, Dream Bingo, Mirror Bingo, etc., designed to be culturally relevant globally while aiming to offer a wide range of casino products. Geographically, the company generates maximum revenue from Africa and Middle East, followed by North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and South/Latin America.

Bilibili is a Chinese online entertainment platform best known for its YouTube-like video-sharing site. Founded in 2009, it first focused on long-form content centered around anime, comics, and gaming, catering primarily to Gen Z users. Over time, the platform has broadened its content offerings to include a wider range of interests, successfully attracting a more diverse audience beyond the Gen Z demographic.

Light & Wonder is principally an electronic gaming machine manufacturer, selling machines to pubs, clubs, and casinos. The firm is licensed in most jurisdictions allowing gambling globally. Light & Wonder is one of the three largest players in the space along with International Game Technology and Aristocrat Leisure. SciPlay, about one fourth of revenue, develops and distributes casual mobile games, principally in the social casino niche. The more nascent iGaming business sits between these two businesses, providing digital content and capabilities to real-money gaming providers.

Square Enix is a Japanese video game publisher and entertainment company that was formed in 2003 through the merger between Square and Enix. The company is best known for its role-playing game franchises such as Final Fantasy, Dragon Quest, Kingdom Hearts, and Nier. The company also operates publishing, merchandise, and amusement businesses.

Lottomatica Group SpA is an operator on the gaming market authorized by the Customs and Monopolies Agency. The group operates in various sectors namely Online (sports betting and online games); Betting (sports bets and games on a physical network); Gaming (AWP and VLT entertainment machines, direct management of gaming halls and proprietary AWPs) and d VLT (video lottery terminals) entertainment device networks and management of owned gaming halls and AWPs (Gaming Franchise).

International Games System Co Ltd plans, designs, researches, develops, manufactures, markets, and services commercial electronic arcade games, related software and hardware products, online games and mobile games. It offers arcade game, online game, mobile game, simulator machine games and online games. All the business activity is operated through Taiwan. There are two segments namely: Arcade game division, which derives maximum revenue and Online game division.

Churchill Downs Inc is a gaming entertainment, online wagering, and racing company. It operates through three business segments: Live and Historical Racing, Wagering Services, and Gaming. The Live and Historical Racing segment includes live and historical pari-mutuel racing. The Wagering Services segment includes the revenue and expenses from pari-mutuel wagers through TwinSpires, companies retail and online sports betting business and Gaming segment includes revenue and expenses for the casino properties and associated racetracks that support the casino license. The Gaming segment generates revenue and expenses from slot machines, video lottery terminals, video poker, HRMs, ancillary food and beverage services, hotel services, commission on pari-mutuel wagering, and racing events.

37 Interactive Entertainment Network Technology Group Co Ltd is involved in the interactive entertainment business, mainly focused on the research, development, publishing, and operation of mobile games and browser games, while arranging the pan-entertainment business, including film and TV, animation, and music. Its operating segments include the Mobile Gaming business and the Web Game business.

OPAP Holding SA, formerly known as Greek Organisation of Football Prognostics SA, is a gambling company that operates lotteries and sports betting, including horse races. The company is the exclusive gambling provider in Greece. The firm is organized into segments based on the type of game: Lotteries, Betting, Online betting, other online games, instant and passive, Vlts, Telecom and emoney services and others. The gaming services are provided either online or through physical retailers. The company generates the vast majority of its revenue in Greece.

Kingnet Network Co Ltd is a Chinese-based online game company. The company's main business covers research and development as well as the operation and publishing of quality entertainment content, including mobile games, web games, and PC games. It also engages in the operation of web game platforms and mobile app distribution platforms.

FDJ United is engaged in Offline and online lottery games and sports betting. Its lottery games include draw games and instant games. Its lottery offers in France include prize draws such as Loto and Euromillions, as well as Illiko instant games. Also through its subsidiaries it has diversified with the roll-out of a French payment and collection service under the Nirio brand name.

Talkweb Information System Co Ltd is a provider of software and hardware integrated products and solutions in China. It offers software cloud services, intelligent computing, Hongmeng ecology, and mobile games. The company provides services to approx. 31 provincial-level administrative regions across the country and more than 10 overseas countries. It focuses on key areas and industries such as digital government, intelligent manufacturing, intelligent transportation, intelligent education, and intelligent parks.

Entain PLC is a sports betting and gaming company operating online and in the retail sector. It has five segments; UK&I: which comprises betting, gaming, and retail activities from online and mobile operations, and activities in the shop estates within Great Britain, Northern Ireland, Jersey, and the Republic of Ireland; International: which comprises betting, gaming, and retail activities in the shop estates in the rest of the world apart from UK&I and CEE; CEE: comprises betting, gaming and retail activities in Croatia and Poland for brands SuperSport and STS; Corporate: includes costs associated with Group functions including Group executive, legal, Group finance, U.S. joint venture, tax, and treasury; New Opportunities: Reflects the now closed B2C offering under the unikrn brand.

Kingsoft Corp Ltd is a Chinese software and Internet services company. The company's operating segment includes entertainment software and others and office software and services. It generates maximum revenue from the entertainment software and others segment. The entertainment software and others segment is engaged in the research and development of games, and the provision of online games, mobile games and casual game services. Geographically, it derives a majority of revenue from Mainland China, and also has its presence in Hong Kong, and Other Countries.

G-bits Network Technology (Xiamen) Co Ltd develops video games and other multiplayer online games. It offers client, Web, mobile, and VR games. Geographically, it operates through the region of China.

Sportradar Group AG is a technology platform enabling next-generation engagement in sports, and a provider of B2B solutions to the sports betting industry. It generates revenue through two primary sources: subscription-based revenue and revenue sharing. Geographically, it operates in North America, Africa, AsiaPac & Middle East, Europe, and LATAM & Caribbean.

JOYY Inc is a technology company. The Company operates several social products, including Bigo Live for live streaming, Likee for short-form videos, Hago for multiplayer social networking, an instant messaging product, and others. The Company operates through two segments: BIGO and All other. The BIGO segment consists of several social entertainment platforms, including Bigo Live, Likee, imo, and others. The All other segment consist of Hago, Shopline, and certain audio live streaming platforms.

Sega Sammy Holdings was established as a holding company in 2004, when video game developer Sega and pachislot and pachinko vendor Sammy merged. The company currently derives majority of its sales revenue from entertainment content and its pachislot and pachinko machine business, which contributed 75% and 23% of total revenue in fiscal 2024, respectively.

Koei Tecmo Holdings is a Japanese video game, amusement, and anime company created in 2009 by the merger of Koei and Tecmo, best known for their Nobunaga’s Ambition, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Nioh, and Atelier game franchises. The company also creates games based on third-party franchises, such as Nintendo’s The Legend of Zelda and Fire Emblem, and Kodansha’s Attack on Titan.

Scotts Miracle-Gro is the largest purveyor of home lawn and gardening products in the US. The company sells a broad range of lawncare products, including grass seed, fertilizer, and lawn-related weed, animal, and disease control. US consumer typically generates the vast majority of companywide revenue and profits. Its lawncare and gardening products are well-recognized brands in the US, including Scotts, Miracle-Gro, Roundup, Ortho, and Tomcat.

Rush Street Interactive Inc is an online gaming and entertainment company that focuses on online casinos and online sports betting in the U.S. and Latin American markets. It provides customers with an array of gaming offerings such as real-money online casinos, online sports betting, and retail sports betting, as well as social gaming, which involves free-to-play games that use virtual credits that can be earned or purchased. The company generates revenue by offering online casinos, online sports betting, and social gaming directly to the end customer through its websites or apps. The company generates revenue through business-to-consumer (B2C) and business-to-business (B2B) models.

Yiyou Holdings Inc formerly, Nantai International Inc is an investment company planning to acquire liquor companies in China.

Curaleaf is headquartered in Wakefield, Massachusetts, and cultivates and sells medicinal and recreational cannabis in the US. The company has operations in 17 states. Its brands include Curaleaf, Select, and Grassroots. The company has made acquisitions that give it exposure to the growing European market, a unique feature among US multistate operators.

XD Inc is engaged in the development, operation, publishing, and distribution of mobile and web games and the provision of information services in China and overseas. It also operates TapTap, a game community and platform in China. It has two operating segments. The game segment, which is the key revenue driver, offers game publishing and operating services on its own and via other distribution channels. Revenues from this segment are derived from game publishing and operating services. The TapTap platform segment offers online marketing services to game developers, game publishers, or their agents. Revenues from this segment are derived from performance-based online marketing services. Its geographic areas are Mainland China and Other areas.

Ballys Intralot SA is a iGaming operator and a world-wide provider of lottery solutions. The company enables operators to modernize their retail and digital offerings, deliver personalized and responsible player experiences, and operate with greater agility and efficiency in an increasingly converging gaming ecosystem. Its products and services include: B2C operations, Gambling Solutions, Betting Solutions, Lottery Solution and Digital Transformation.

Netmarble Corp is an online gaming company in South Korea. Its core business include game development and game publishing throughout the world. Some of its games include Tera M, FishingStrike, Raven, Seven Knights, among others.

Trulieve Cannabis Corp is a vertically integrated cannabis company that grows, produces, and sells cannabis products. It has licenses to operate in Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia, where it sells medical cannabis products. In addition, the company sells cannabis products for adult use in Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Maryland, and Ohio. The firm's operations are substantially located in Florida and, to a lesser extent, in Arizona and Pennsylvania.

Genius Sports Ltd is a B2B provider of scalable, technology-led products and services to the sports, sports betting, and sports media industries. Its services are organized into three key product areas including Sports Technology and Services; Betting Technology, Content and Services; and Media Technology, Content and Services. All of its products are powered by proprietary technology and robust data infrastructure. It generates maximum revenue from the Betting Technology, Content and Services division. Geographically, the company derives a majority of its revenue from Europe.

Yoozoo Interactive Co Ltd is a game-based interactive entertainment company. The company implements the strategies of big data, globalization, and quality products to achieve integrated development across four major areas namely globalized game research and development and publishing, IP management, big data and intelligent technology, and pan-entertainment industry investment. It operates using a 'film-game integration' model to deliver a series of products such as films, games, cartoons, fiction, and commercial property, building a globalized ecosystem for the pan-entertainment industry.

Embracer Group AB is a parent company of businesses led by entrepreneurs in PC, console, mobile, and board games and other related media. The Group has an extensive catalog of several owned or controlled franchises and has a presence in various regions through its operative groups namely THQ Nordic, Plaion, Coffee Stain, Amplifier Game Invest, and others. Its operating segments are; PC/Console Games, Mobile Games, Tabletop Games, and Entertainment & Services. The company generates key revenue from the development and publishing of games for PC, Console, and Mobiles. Geographically, it derives maximum revenue from the United States of America and the rest from Europe (excluding Sweden), Sweden, and other regions.