EDION Valuation Multiples

Apple is among the largest companies in the world, with a broad portfolio of hardware and software products targeted at consumers and businesses. Apple’s iPhone makes up a majority of the firm sales, and Apple’s other products like Mac, iPad, and Watch are designed around the iPhone as the focal point of an expansive software ecosystem. Apple has progressively worked to add new applications, like streaming video, subscription bundles, and augmented reality. The firm designs its own software and semiconductors while working with subcontractors like Foxconn and TSMC to build its products and chips. Slightly less than half of Apple’s sales come directly through its flagship stores, with a majority of sales coming indirectly through partnerships and distribution.

Samsung Electronics is a South Korean public technology manufacturer incorporated in 1969 and headquartered in Suwon. Its Device eXperience division sells smartphones, televisions, home appliances, computers and network products to consumers and enterprise customers. The Device Solutions division manufactures memory, logic and other semiconductor products, while Samsung Display produces display panels and Harman supplies automotive electronics and connected-audio systems. The company earns revenue from product sales, components, licensing and related services across a worldwide manufacturing and distribution network. Samsung Electronics listed in Korea in 1975 and operates through hundreds of subsidiaries and regional organisations. It also makes strategic and venture investments that support technologies relevant to semiconductors, devices, artificial intelligence, robotics and its broader product ecosystem.

Home Depot is the world's largest home improvement specialty retailer, operating 2,364 warehouse-format stores offering more than 30,000 products in store and 1 million products online in the US, Canada, and Mexico. Its stores offer building materials, home improvement products, lawn and garden products, and decor products and provide various services, including home improvement installation services and tool and equipment rentals. The acquisition of Interline Brands in 2015 allowed Home Depot to enter the MRO business, which has been expanded through the tie-up with HD Supply (2020). The 2024 tie-up with SRS will help grow professional demand in roofing, pool, and landscaping projects, while the 2025 purchase of GMS will lift building product sales through 1,340 distribution locations.

Dell Technologies is a broad information technology vendor, primarily supplying hardware to enterprises. It focuses on premium and commercial personal computers, as well as enterprise on-premises data center hardware. It holds top-three shares in its core markets of personal computers, peripheral displays, mainstream servers, and external storage. Dell has a robust ecosystem of component and assembly partners and also relies heavily on channel partners to fulfill its sales.

Founded in 1987, TJX Companies is the world’s largest off-price apparel and home fashions retailer, operating more than 5,000 stores across nine countries. In fiscal 2026, the company generated roughly $60 billion in sales. TJX operates through four segments: Marmaxx (61% of sales), HomeGoods (17%), TJX Canada (9%), and TJX international (13%). Its off-price model emphasizes branded merchandise at meaningful discounts, driving high traffic and rapid inventory turnover.

Sony Group is a conglomerate with consumer electronics roots, which not only designs, develops, produces, and sells electronic equipment and devices, but also is engaged in content businesses, such as console and mobile games, music, and movies. Sony is the global top company in CMOS image sensors, game consoles, professional broadcasting cameras, and music publishing, and is one of the top players in digital cameras, wireless earphones, recorded music, movies, and so on. Sony’s business portfolio is well-diversified, with five major business segments.

Fast Retailing is Japan’s largest apparel company. It operates the casualwear retail chain Uniqlo, known for its high-quality functional apparel at reasonable prices. Fast Retailing is in charge of product design and sales and outsources almost all of its production to factories in places including China, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Indonesia, and India. It is ranked the second-largest apparel company by sales globally in 2024 per Euromonitor, thanks to the expansion of Uniqlo International. As of February 2025, it ran 3,616 stores globally. Other brands in its portfolio include GU and acquired brands like Theory, Comptoir des Cotonniers, and Princesse tam.tam. The Yanai family owned a 40.86% stake in the firm as of July 2025.

Lowe's is the second-largest home improvement retailer globally, with more than 1,750 stores in the US, after the 2023 divestiture of its Canadian locations (RONA, Lowe's Canada, Réno-Dépôt, and Dick's Lumber). The firm's stores offer products and services for home decorating, maintenance, repair, and remodeling, with maintenance and repair accounting for two-thirds of products sold. Lowe's primarily targets retail do-it-yourself (around 70% of sales) and do-it-for-me customers, but has expanded its professional business clients to 30% from less than 20% in the past six years (set ot expand further with the acquisition of FBM). We estimate Lowe's captures a high-single-digit share of the domestic home improvement market, based on US Census data and management's market size estimates.

Midea Group Co., Ltd. is one of the largest household appliance manufacturers in China, with key products such as air conditioners, refrigerators, washing machines and small household appliances. It is consistently ranked as one of the top three players in China by retail sales in most home appliance categories. The firm also engages in industrial automation and robotics systems through wholly owned Kuka, a global market leader based in Germany. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, or HVAC, products generally contribute the most to Midea's revenue, followed by other consumer appliances, and robotics and automation systems. In addition, Midea generates around 40% of sales outside of China.

Xiaomi is a technology company providing products and services, founded in early 2010, focusing mainly on smartphones, Internet of Things products, and related internet services. An early adopter of online smartphone sales, Xiaomi uses a customized Android operating system called HyperOS and has recently designed its own system-on-chip. As competition in its home Chinese smartphone market intensified and growth has slowed, it has expanded into other markets and has become the smartphone market leader in India, and is gaining market share in Europe. In 2025, from a country perspective, around 67% of its overall revenue was generated in mainland China, but this should reduce when it sells EVs overseas. The company was listed on the Hong Kong market at the beginning of July 2018.

Ross Stores, founded in 1982, is a US-focused off-price apparel and home fashion retailer operating more than 2,100 stores across 43 states, primarily under the Ross Dress for Less banner, with a smaller footprint through DD’s Discounts. In fiscal 2024, the company generated over $21 billion in sales. Ross offers branded apparel, footwear, accessories, and home goods at a 20%-60% discount to department and specialty store prices, sourcing closeouts and excess inventory from vendors worldwide.

O’Reilly is an aftermarket automotive parts retailer in the United States and Mexico with more than $16 billion in annual sales. The company operates over 6,000 domestic stores and serves both the do-it-yourself (about 50% of sales) and professional (47% of sales) end markets. O’Reilly differentiates itself by providing quality service to its customers throughout the entirety of the vehicle diagnosis and purchasing process. Furthermore, the firm boasts an impressive hub-and-spoke distribution network designed to provide its localized store base with ample aftermarket part availability across a variety of vehicle makes and models.

Wesfarmers is Australia's largest conglomerate. Its retail operations include the Bunnings hardware chain (number one in market share), discount department stores Kmart and Target (number one and three), and Officeworks in office supplies (number one). These activities account for the vast majority of group earnings before taxes. Other operations include chemicals and fertilizers, lithium mining, industrial and safety supplies, and health. Management is focused on generating cash and creating shareholder wealth in the long term.

Nintendo started its video game console business in 1983 by launching the NES, and started its portable console business in 1989 by launching the Game Boy. Since then, the firm has focused on expanding the gaming population by delivering unique entertainment experiences on its original console systems. However, Nintendo not only makes game consoles, but also owns world-renowned IPs such as Super Mario, Pokemon, and Zelda, which have been a source of cash flow for 40 years.

Garmin is an American multinational technology company that designs, manufactures and sells GPS-enabled devices and related software for the fitness, outdoor, automotive, aviation and marine markets. It was founded in October 1989 as ProNav in Lenexa, Kansas, by Gary Burrell and Min Kao, who is chairman, and has had its corporate headquarters in Olathe, Kansas, since 1996, while its legal domicile has been Schaffhausen, Switzerland, since 2010; Cliff Pemble is president and chief executive. Its products include running and multisport watches, cycling computers, wearables, handheld GPS units, avionics and flight decks, marine chartplotters, fish finders and automotive systems, supported by the Garmin Connect platform and subscription services. Garmin is listed on the New York Stock Exchange as GRMN and is in the S&P 500. In 2025 it generated revenue of $7.25 billion, operating income of $1.88 billion and net income of $1.66 billion, with nearly 23,000 employees in 34 countries. It earns revenue mainly from product sales to consumers and to aircraft, boat and car makers, plus subscriptions. It has made many bolt-on acquisitions, including Navionics, Firstbeat Analytics, JL Audio, MyLaps and, in 2026, TrainingPeaks and TrainHeroic.

Alimentation Couche-Tard Inc operates a network of convenience stores across North America, Europe, and Asia. The company generates income through the sale of tobacco products, groceries, beverages, fresh food, quick service restaurants, car wash services, other retail products and services, road transportation fuel, stationary energy, marine fuel, and chemicals. In addition, the company operates stores under the Circle K banner in other countries such as Indonesia, Egypt, Macau, and others. Its operation is geographically divided into the U.S., Europe and other regions, and Canada. Revenue from external customers falls mainly into three categories: merchandise and services, road transportation fuel, and others. The company generates the majority of its revenue from the United States.

Panasonic Holdings Corp is engaged in the development, manufacture, and sale of a wide range of electronic and electrical products. The company operates through six segments. The Lifestyle segment provides home appliances such as refrigerators, air conditioners, and beauty and hair care devices. The Automotive segment offers in-vehicle infotainment systems, speaker systems, and advanced driver assistance systems. The Connect segment supplies communication systems, welding machines, and projectors. The Industry segment produces electronic components, motors, and factory automation equipment. The Energy segment develops and sells lithium-ion batteries, dry batteries, and small secondary batteries. The Others segment includes the sale of televisions, cameras, and building materials.

AutoZone operates as a leading retailer of aftermarket automotive parts in the United States. The firm operates 6,666 stores domestically, serving the do-it-yourself and commercial (do-it-for-me) end markets. Through its vast store footprint and distribution network, AutoZone manages a wide array of stock-keeping units applicable to numerous vehicle makes and models, providing its consumers with ample product availability. The firm drives traffic by providing superior and convenient customer service as AutoZone's team of knowledgeable staff assists consumers with diagnosing a vehicle's problem, selecting the necessary part for replacement, and occasionally, installation. The company also operates internationally, with 895 stores in Mexico and 149 in Brazil.

NEC Corp is engaged in IT services, networks, social infrastructure, and solutions. The company operates through three segments: IT Services, Social Infrastructure, and Others. The IT Services segment provides system integration, consulting, maintenance, outsourcing, cloud services, system equipment, and software services. The Social Infrastructure segment offers network infrastructure, including core networks, mobile base stations, optical transmission systems, and marine systems, along with telecom software, OSS/BSS solutions, aerospace and defense system integration, and maintenance. The Others segment covers the development, manufacturing, and sales of system equipment. It generates the majority of its revenue from the IT Services segment.

Quanta Computer is a Taiwanese contract manufacturer of electronic hardware, headquartered in Taoyuan, that designs and builds products for global technology brands as an original design manufacturer (ODM). It is one of the world's largest makers of notebook computers, with an estimated 31% of worldwide notebook production in the first quarter of 2008, and it also builds servers, enterprise network systems, home entertainment, mobile communication and automotive electronics products. Quanta was chosen in 2005 as the manufacturer of the One Laptop per Child project's XO-1 laptop and in 2011 designed servers with Facebook as part of the Open Compute Project. It earns revenue from manufacturing contracts with brand owners and cloud operators. The company was founded in 1988 and is listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange. It has also made strategic investments, including joining the US$56 million third funding round of InfiniBand chip developer Mellanox Technologies in 2002.

Lenovo is a global technology hardware company with a leading market share in personal computers. The firm has been actively growing its data center business, which primarily sells network servers to enterprise and hyperscale customers, as well as storage equipment through its mainland China joint venture with NetApp. Server-related revenue contribution has jumped to 13% of overall sales in fiscal 2024, from 6% in 2015.

Gree Electric Appliances is one of the largest heating, ventilating, and air conditioning, or HVAC, product manufacturers in China, with key products such as residential and commercial air conditioners. Gree generates over 80% of sales domestically and is backed by China’s Zhuhai local government. Air conditioners remain the biggest contributor to Gree’s earnings, with an over 70% representation over the years. The company has also made forays into industrial component parts, photovoltaic equipment, new energy vehicles, and battery production. As of March 2025, Chairwoman Dong Mingzhu and privately owned investment entity Zhuhai Mingjun collectively held 18% of its total equity interest, while state-owned Zhuhai Gree Group owned about 3.5%.

HP (formerly Hewlett-Packard) is a behemoth in the PC and printing markets. It has focused on these markets since it exited IT infrastructure in 2015 with the split from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. HP focuses on the commercial market, but maintains sales of consumer devices and printers. The firm has a broad and global customer base, with only one third of sales coming from the US. HP completely outsources manufacturing and relies heavily on channel partners for its sales and marketing.

With a retail and direct-to-consumer presence, Williams-Sonoma is a player in the $300 billion domestic home category and $450 billion international home market, focused on expanding its exposure in the B2B ($80 billion total addressable market), marketplace, and franchise areas. Namesake Williams-Sonoma (153 stores) offers high-end cooking essentials, while Pottery Barn (183) provides casual home accessories. West Elm (119) is an emerging concept for young professionals, and Rejuvenation (13) offers lighting and house parts. Brand extensions include Pottery Barn Kids and Pottery Barn Teen (45) as well as Mark & Graham and GreenRow. Williams-Sonoma also has a business-to-business team that supports projects that range from residential to large-scale commercial.

SharkNinja Inc is a product design and technology company that creates 5-star-rated lifestyle solutions through inventive products for consumers around the world. Its product categories include Cleaning, Cooking, Food Preparation, Home Environment, and Beauty products. It sells vacuum cleaners, cooking pots, fryers, hair dryers, etc. The Company has identified two operating segments, Domestic and International. The SharkNinja Group is expected to carry on the design, production, marketing, and distribution of the Shark and Ninja brands of small household appliances in North America, Europe and other selected international markets (excluding the Asia Pacific Region and Greater China). Currently, the majority of the revenue is derived from the U.S. market.

Ulta Beauty is the largest specialized beauty retailer in the US with about 1,500 freestanding stores. The firm offers cosmetics (39% of 2024 sales), fragrances (13%), skin care (23%), and hair care products (19%). It also has salon services, including hair, makeup, skin, and brow, that account for about 4% of its revenue and drive traffic. Outside of the US, Ulta acquired premium beauty retailer Space NK and its 83 stores in the UK and Ireland in 2025, is opening franchised stores in Mexico, and has formed a joint venture to expand into the Middle East. In addition, Ulta collects royalties through its Target partnership (set to end in 2026) and credit card revenue. Ulta was founded in 1990 and is based in Bolingbrook, Illinois.

Canon Inc designs, manufactures, and distributes an extensive range of consumer and electronic products, including copiers, cameras, lenses, and inkjet printers. The company operates five business segments: printing, imaging, medical, industrial, and others. It generates maximum revenue from the printing segment. Printing Business Unit includes Office multifunction devices (MFDs), Document solutions, Laser multifunction printers (MFPs), Laser printers, Inkjet printers, Image scanners, Calculators, Digital continuous feed presses, Digital sheet-fed presses, and Large format printers.

Founded in 1968, Casey’s General Stores has become the third-largest convenience store retailer in the United States, operating nearly 3,000 locations across 19 states, primarily in the Midwest. In fiscal 2026, the company generated $17.6 billion in revenue from fuel (60% of sales), grocery and general merchandise (26%), prepared food and dispensed beverages (10%), and areas like wholesale fuel distribution (4%). Casey’s footprint skews rural, with over 70% of stores in areas with fewer than 20,000 residents.

Haier Smart Home is one of the largest household appliance manufacturers globally, with key products spanning refrigerators, washing machines, kitchen appliances, air conditioners, and water solutions. It has been consistently among the top three in China by retail sales in most home appliance categories. The company has also established a footprint in distribution channel services and commercial refrigeration business. Haier generates around 50% of sales outside China. As of December 2025, Haier Group and its subsidiaries are the largest shareholders of Haier Smart Home with around 29% equity interest in aggregate.

Roku enables consumers to stream television programming. Roku facilitated 145 billion streaming hours in 2025 and reached more than half of US broadband households. It is the top streaming operating system in the US, reaching more than half of broadband households, according to the company. Roku’s OS is built into streaming devices and televisions that Roku sells, as well as on connected televisions from other manufacturers that license Roku’s name and software. Roku also operates The Roku Channel, a free, ad-supported streaming television platform that offers a mix of on-demand and live television programming. Roku generates revenue primarily from device sales, licensing, and advertising, and it also receives fees from subscription streaming platforms that sell subscriptions through Roku.

Asian Paints Ltd manufactures and sells a variety of paint and home improvement products. The firm operates itself as a Paints and Home Decor company which sells interior and exterior paints, metal finish, and wood finish. The home improvement product offerings include kitchen and bathroom products. Asian Paints sells its products to distributors and directly to the home improvement industry through the company's network of retail stores. The majority of revenue comes from India.

Geberit is a leading manufacturer of sanitary products, which include flushing systems, piping systems, and bathroom ceramics. Products are primarily sold through the wholesale channel. Geberit has an extensive history in sanitary products, having filed a patent for its first flushing mechanism in 1912. The company generates sales in 50 countries and operates 26 production plants, the majority of which are in Europe. Geberit shares are listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange. The majority of sales are generated from residential and renovation activities.

Asustek Computer Inc is a computer hardware and electronics company producing and selling 3C products including PCs, mainboards other boards and cards, tablet PCs, smartphones, and other handheld devices, etc. The company operates in Taiwan, China, Singapore, Europe, the United States, and other countries. Its segment includes BC Brand and Others.

With over $41 billion in consolidated 2024 sales, Best Buy is the largest pure-play consumer electronics retailer in the US, boasting roughly 8% share of the North American market and around 33% share of offline sales in the region, per our calculations, CTA, and Euromonitor data. The firm generates the bulk of its sales in-store, with mobile phones and tablets, computers, and appliances representing its three largest categories. Recent investments in e-commerce fulfillment, accelerated by the covid pandemic, have seen the US e-commerce channel roughly double from prepandemic levels, with management estimating that it will represent a mid-30% proportion of sales moving forward.

Wistron Corp is engaged in the research, development, design, manufacturing, testing and sales of the following products and semi- finished products, and their peripheral equipment, parts and components. The company has two reporting segments: R&D and Manufacturing, and Others. Majority of revenue is from R&D and Manufacturing Segment. The firm has operations in Taiwan, Asia and Other countries. It derives maximum revenue from Asia.

LG Electronics Inc is a South Korea-based company that produces a broad range of electronic products. The group has six reportable segments: the Home Appliance & Air Solution segment, which includes refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners and vacuum cleaners; the Home Entertainment segment, which covers TVs, audio devices and related products; the Vehicle Component Solutions segment, which provides automobile parts and modules; the Business Solutions segment, which offers monitors, PCs and information displays; the LG Innotek segment, which supplies camera modules, substrate materials and various motors and sensors; and the All Other segment, which includes equipment manufacturing and other ancillary operations.

Lite-On Technology is a Taiwan-listed electronics manufacturer headquartered in Taipei. Founded in 1975, the company supplies power-management and optoelectronic technologies to business customers across international markets. Its products include power supplies, battery backup units, optical components and thermal-management equipment used in computing and communications infrastructure. The company also serves automotive electronics, networking, connected-device and industrial applications. Revenue comes from sales of electronic components, modules and system products to equipment manufacturers and other commercial customers. Its power and optical engineering capabilities support applications ranging from data centres to end-user electronic devices. Lite-On has expanded its operations through internal product development and acquisitions, including Avago’s infrared data-communications business announced in 2007. The group’s corporate headquarters are in Taipei’s Neihu district, and its products are marketed internationally under the LITEON identity.

Tractor Supply is the largest operator of retail farm and ranch stores in the United States. The company targets recreational farmers and ranchers and has little exposure to commercial and industrial farm operations. Currently, the company operates 2,395 of its namesake banners in 49 states, along with 207 Petsense by Tractor Supply stores. Stores are generally concentrated in rural communities rather than urban and suburban areas. In fiscal 2025, revenue consisted primarily of livestock, equine & agriculture (around 30%), companion animal (25%), and seasonal & recreation (around 25%).

Logitech was founded in 1981 and is headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland. The company specializes in designing and manufacturing computer peripherals such as mice, keyboards, webcams, conference room cameras, headsets, and music-related products like wireless speakers.

Burlington Stores Inc is an off-price retailer offering an extensive selection of in-season, fashion-focused merchandise, including women's ready-to-wear apparel, menswear, youth apparel, baby, beauty, footwear, accessories, home, toys, gifts, and coats. The company sells a broad selection of desirable, first-quality, current-brand, labeled merchandise acquired directly from nationally recognized manufacturers and other suppliers. It sells products in categories such as Ladies apparel, Accessories and shoes, Home, Mens apparel, Kids apparel and baby, and Outerwear.

Huaqin Technology Co Ltd is engaged in the research & development, design, manufacturing, and operation of intelligent hardware products. The company operates four businesses: smart terminal business; high-performance computing business; automotive electronics and industrial products business; and artificial intelligence & internet of things (AIoT) business.

Established in 1984, China Tourism Group Duty Free is China’s largest and the world’s second-largest travel retailer in 2024 with revenue of CNY 56.5 billion. The company primarily operates duty-free stores at airports, border crossings, offshore, downtown, and on flights, cruises and ships, with about 200 stores spanning over 33 provinces in China, as well as overseas. The company also operates a duty-paid business and its 2024 revenue mix comprised 69% duty-free sales and 31% duty-paid sales and others. CTG Duty Free is 50% owned by China Tourism Group, a state-owned enterprise that falls directly under the state-owned Asset Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council.

Trent Ltd through its subsidiaries, operates a chain of retail stores. The company offers various brands across women's wear, men's wear, kids' wear, footwear, lingerie, cosmetics, perfumes, handbags, and accessories. It also offers foods, beverages, health and beauty products, vegetables, fruits, dairy products, and others. The company offers these products by operating a portfolio of retail concepts like Westside, Zudio, Samoh, Utsa, Misbu, and others. The company is in the business of retailing/trading predominantly in India.

TCL Technology Group Corp is a consumer electronics company in China. The company mainly operates its business through four segments. The Semiconductor display business segment focuses on R&D, production, and sales of display panels and modules, and full display processing operations. The New Energy Photovoltaic and Other Silicon Materials Business segment involves producing and selling various silicon-based materials, devices, and new energy products, and operating photovoltaic power plant projects. The Distribution Business segment covers the sales of computers, software, tablets, mobile phones, and other electronics. The Other Businesses segment encompasses industrial finance and investment activities, along with providing technology development and patent maintenance services.

Dick’s Sporting Goods is a retailer that offers sports and outdoor apparel, footwear, and equipment online and in physical stores. The company’s legacy business includes more than 700 stores under its own name, more than 110 Golf Galaxy golf specialty stores, and about 50 outlet stores. In September 2025, Dick’s acquired multinational retailer Foot Locker. With this move, Dick’s added about 2,600 stores under the Foot Locker, Kids Foot Locker, Champs Sports, atmos, and WSS nameplates in North America, the Asia-Pacific, and EMEA—Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. Based in the Pittsburgh area, Dick’s was founded in 1948 by the father of current executive chair and controlling shareholder Edward Stack.

Penske Automotive Group operates in 19 US states and overseas. It has over 150 US and Puerto Rico light-vehicle stores as well as 210 franchised dealerships overseas, primarily in the United Kingdom but also in Australia, Germany, Italy, and Japan. The company is the third-largest US publicly traded dealership in terms of light-vehicle revenue and sells more than 40 brands, with over 90% of retail automotive revenue coming from luxury and import names. Other segments are service and finance and insurance. The firm's Premier Truck Group owns 45 truck dealerships selling mostly Freightliner and Western Star brands, and Penske owns 16 used-vehicle stores, mostly in the US and UK under the CarShop (US) and Sytner Select (UK) brands. Penske is based in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan.

Chow Tai Fook Jewellery Group Ltd is engaged in the jewelry and watch business located in Mainland China. The company's geographical operating segment includes Mainland China and Hong Kong, Macau, and other markets. It generates maximum revenue from Mainland China. Its product categories include rings, bands, necklaces, pendants, earrings, chains, bracelets, and others. The company derives revenue from Gem-set, Gold products, Platinum/Karat gold products, and Watches.

Ningbo Deye Technology Corp is engaged in the research, development, manufacturing, and sale of inverters, heat exchangers, and dehumidifiers. Its product range also includes refrigeration equipment, air and water purification systems, fresh air systems, solar air conditioners, variable frequency water pumps, and electronic controllers.