Local Valuation Multiples

Alphabet is a holding company that wholly owns internet giant Google. The California-based company derives slightly less than 90% of its revenue from Google services, the vast majority of which is advertising sales. Alongside online ads, Google services houses sales stemming from Google’s subscription services (YouTube TV and YouTube Music, among others), platforms (sales and in-app purchases on Play Store), and devices (Chromebooks, Pixel smartphones, and smart home products such as Chromecast). Google’s cloud computing platform accounts for roughly 10% of Alphabet’s revenue. The firm’s investments in up-and-coming technologies such as self-driving cars (Waymo), health (Verily), and internet access (Google Fiber) make up the rest.

Microsoft develops and licenses consumer and enterprise software. It is known for its Windows operating systems and Office productivity suite. The company is organized into three equally sized broad segments: productivity and business processes (legacy Microsoft Office, cloud-based Office 365, Exchange, SharePoint, Skype, LinkedIn, Dynamics), intelligence cloud (infrastructure- and platform-as-a-service offerings Azure, Windows Server OS, SQL Server), and more personal computing (Windows Client, Xbox, Bing search, display advertising, and Surface laptops, tablets, and desktops).

Rocket Companies is a financial services company that was originally founded as Rock Financial in 1985 and is currently based in Detroit. Rocket Companies offers a wide array of services and products but is best known for its Rocket Mortgage business. The company’s mortgage lending operations are split between its direct-to-consumer lending, which sees borrowers accessing the company’s lending arm directly through either its mobile app or website, and its partner network where mortgage brokers and other firms use Rocket’s origination process to offer loans to their customers. The company has rapidly gained market share in recent years and will also be the largest mortgage servicer in the US following its acquisition of the Mr. Cooper Group.

Baidu is the largest internet search engine in China with over 50% share of the search engine market in 2024 per web analytics firm, Statcounter. The firm generated 70% of core revenue from online marketing services from its search engine in 2024. Outside its search engine, Baidu is a technology-driven company and its other major growth initiatives are artificial intelligence cloud, video streaming services, voice recognition technology, and autonomous driving.

Naver has been the leading search portal in South Korea for many years. The company has also been evolving into an internet platform providing a variety of internet services, such as news, a dictionary, maps, digital comic content, social networking, e-commerce, videos, fintech services based on online payments, and Cloud services. Naver was also the incubator of Line Yahoo, the leading mobile messaging app in Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, and Indonesia, which merged with Z Holdings (Yahoo Japan), with Naver now owning 32.5% of the merged entity renamed LY.

LY is a leading Japanese internet services conglomerate. Its main services are Yahoo Japan, the oldest portal site in Japan that offers a wide variety of services, such as news, e-commerce, financial information, and Line, a national messenger application. In 2019, the company acquired Zozo, a leading online apparel retailer, to grow its e-commerce business. In 2022, LY consolidated with its wholly owned subsidiary PayPay, the most popular QR code payment service in Japan.

Pinterest is a social media platform with a focus on product and idea discovery. Pinterest users, or pinners, can leverage the platform as they go about gathering ideas on topics such as home improvement, fashion, cooking, and travel. The company has more than 500 million monthly active users, two thirds of whom are female. Pinterest generates revenue by selling digital ads on its platform. While the platform’s user base spans the globe, the vast majority of its revenue stems from ads shown to North American users.

PB Fintech Ltd is an integrated online marketing and consulting firm serving the financial services industry, including insurance. Its revenue mainly comes from commissions on insurance and financial products sold online and offline. Services include online marketing, product aggregation, insurance commissions, outsourcing for insurers, generating sales, IT support, and lending-related fees. The business operates in a single segment focused on financial services, with all revenue generated within India. The Company helps middle-class households secure social security by providing solutions for protecting against death and disease, planning for child education and pensions, and accessing financial and lending products.

Rasan Information Technology Co is engaged in online wholesale, electronic publishing, ready software publishing, systems analysis, design and customization of program software, software maintenance, web page design, setting up of web page hosting infrastructure, providing SMS design, and website design. Currently, it is engaged in providing insurance aggregator, online auto auction, and online leasing insurance services. The company's operating segments include Tameeni-Motors, Tameeni-Health, Leasing, Awal Mazad, and R Solutions. Maximum revenue is derived from the Tameeni Motors segment which offers a B2C digital platform providing vehicle owners access to motor insurers.

Ziff Davis Inc is a digital media and internet company operating a portfolio of brands across technology, shopping, gaming and entertainment, health and wellness, connectivity, and cybersecurity. The company has five reportable segments. The Technology & Shopping segment generates revenue from advertising and commerce content. The Gaming & Entertainment segment provides content, subscriptions, and digital storefront services. The Health & Wellness segment offers digital tools and content for health management. The Connectivity segment provides data and analytics solutions for network performance. The Cybersecurity & Martech segment delivers cloud-based software for security and marketing. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Health & Wellness segment.

Moltiply Group SpA will be operating in two separate and independent business segments, through specialized Divisions, each composed of several dedicated subsidiaries: The Moltiply Division and The Mavriq Division. The Moltiply Division one of the main Italian players in the provision of complex BPO and IT services for the financial sector. The Mavriq Division is one of the main international players in the provision of online comparison and intermediation services, with businesses in Italy, Spain, France, and Mexico.

Trustpilot Group PLC and its subsidiaries consist of developing and hosting an online review platform that helps consumers make purchasing decisions and businesses showcase and improve their services. Trustpilot is open, independent, and impartial and helps consumers make the right choices and businesses to build trust, grow and improve. The group consists of more than 300 million reviews and approximately 64 million monthly active users across the globe, with around 140 billion annual Trustbox impressions.

Mony Group PLC operates a tech-led savings platform, driven by the purpose of helping households save money. Its comparison sites include MoneySuperMarket, TravelSuperMarket, and Icelolly making it easy to find deals and save money on household bills and financial products, from car, pet, travel, and home insurance to credit cards, loans, savings, pensions, mortgages, bank accounts, holidays, car hire, broadband and TV packages.

Yelp Inc operates in the online content market based in the United States. It provides a web-based platform and mobile application to bridge the gap between businesses and consumers. The platform assists consumers through product reviews, tips, photos and videos thereby enabling them in making better buying decisions and posting their feedbacks. Its products and services includes Advertising Products and Business Page Products. In addition, it also lets the buyers directly transact with businesses directly through its platform. Yelp generates revenue mainly from the sale of advertising on its website and mobile app to businesses. The company generates majority of the revenue from United States.

QuinStreet Inc focuses on marketplaces and technologies for the financial services and home services industries. It delivers measurable and cost-effective marketing results to its clients, in the form of qualified inquiries such as clicks, leads, calls, applications, or customers. It generates revenue by delivering measurable online marketing results to the clients. Its products and services are Customer Acquisition, QuinStreet Rating Platform (QRP), and CloudControlMedia. Geographically, it operates in United States and Internationally, of which maximum revenue is derived from United States.

LegalZoom.com Inc is an online provider of services that meet the legal needs of small businesses and consumers in the United States. The company also offers services that include ongoing compliance and tax advice and filings, business licenses, accounting, virtual mailbox and e-signature solutions, trademark filings, and estate plans.

Beijing Zhidemai Technology Co Ltd is a shopping portal that integrates shopping guide, media, tools and community attributes. It introduces high-quality and consumer-oriented content to users with high-quality, good-quality products and services, providing users with high efficiency, precision and neutrality.

EverQuote Inc operates an online marketplace for insurance shopping, connecting consumers with insurance providers, including carriers and agents. Its marketplace is powered by proprietary data and technology platform that delivers high-intent, pre-validated consumer referrals aligned with insurers underwriting and profitability requirements. The platform provides transparency and campaign management tools, enabling providers to evaluate marketing spend performance and manage return on investment. Consumers can visit insurance provider websites, engage by phone, or submit data to receive quotes. Services are free for consumers, and the company derives revenue principally from consumer inquiries sold as referrals to insurance providers. It derives a majority of revenue from Direct channels.

Ibotta Inc is a performance marketing platform. It allows CPG brands to deliver digital promotions to consumers through a single, convenient network called the Ibotta Performance Network (IPN).

Groupon Inc acts as the middleman between consumers and merchants, offering products and services at discounts via its online store. It offers consumers daily deals from local merchants. The company's operations are organized into two segments: North America and International. The company generates the majority of its revenue from North America. The company generates revenue from transactions during which the company generates commissions by selling goods or services on behalf of third-party merchants. Revenue also includes commissions the company earn when customers make purchases with retailers using digital coupons accessed through its digital properties.

MediaAlpha Inc provides a platform that enables insurance carriers and distributors to target and acquire customers. The company's technology platform brings insurance carriers and consumers together through a real-time, transparent, and results-driven ecosystem. It serves as a customer acquisition channel in property and casualty insurance, health insurance, and life insurance. The company operates in the United States and generates revenue by earning a fee for each consumer referral sold on its platform.

Bengo4.com Inc provides online legal consultation services. The company offers contents such as Q&A services, a database of over 7,000 registered lawyers, and its own news services accompanied with legal analysis of recent news to legal professionals.

Nerdwallet Inc is a company that provides consumer-driven advice about personal finance through its platform by connecting individuals and small and mid-sized businesses (SMBs) with providers of financial products. It gets revenue from fees paid by its financial services partners in the form of either revenue per action, revenue per click, revenue per lead and revenue per funded loan arrangements.

Hypoport AG operates as a technology-based financial service provider in Germany. The company is engaged in the development, operation and marketing of technology platforms for the credit, housing and insurance industries. The Business segments of the group are divided into Real Estate & Mortgage Platforms, Insurance Platforms and Financing Platforms.. The company generates the majority of its revenue from the Real Estate & Mortgage Platforms segment. The Real Estate & Mortgage Platforms segment is involved in the development of technology platforms for brokering, financing and valuing private residential properties. The vision for this segment is to provide a seamless cross-media process for the purchase, valuation and financing of residential real estate in Germany.

Turtlemint Fintech Solutions Ltd is engaged in the business of providing information technology and business support services, advertising and marketing services and distribution of mutual funds. It also provides insurance broking services for retail insurance products such as motor, health, and life insurance. The company owns the TurtlemintPro application, which is used to facilitate the promotion of its services. It derives the majority of its revenue from general insurance companies, arising from the sale of motor insurance products.

Everyday Network Co Ltd operates in domestic real estate home network marketing services. It markets networks of new houses, second-hand houses, and homes. Also, the company provides research and consulting businesses. Its provides platform for the use of home loans and Internet small loan companies. It generates revenue from online advertising, real estate marketing service income and second-hand housing port fees.

Angi Inc connects quality home service professionals with consumers across different categories, from repairing and remodeling to cleaning and landscaping. It operates through brands like Angi, HomeAdvisor, and Handy. The company has three operating segments, namely, Ads and Leads, Services, and International (Europe and Canada). A majority of its revenue is generated from the Ads and Leads segment, which provides professionals the capability to engage with potential customers, including quoting and invoicing services, and provides consumers with tools and resources to help them find professionals nationwide for home repair, maintenance, and improvement projects. Geographically, the company derives its key revenue from the United States and also has a presence in other countries.

Adventure SpA operates as an online rate comparison platform. The company is engaged in providing carious services that includes lead generation solutions, Advertising solutions, Web development solutions, operational efficiency improvement, and others. The core business of the company is through the portal ameconviene.it a website dedicated to providing consumers with in-depth and up-to-date services and information on tracking the value for its finances, with a focus on home savings, investments, and smart financial choices.

Kamakura Shinsho Ltd operates portal sites in Japan. The firm publishes and lectures to communicate knowledge on funerals, altar, tombs, temples. It offers portal sites that gives information on funerals; and responds to various consultations by telephone and e-mails, as well as a mobile search with GPS functions to search the funeral companies and centers. The company also operates sites that offers information on joint funerals and farewell party; family funeral knowledge and family funeral expenses; introduction of expenses to direct funeral and cremation ceremonies. In addition, it operates sites for funeral and funeral night wear, and legal flowers. Further, the company operates sites that offers information on Buddhist altar/Buddhist information; Buddha statues and Buddhist teachers.

Multitude AG, formerly Multitude SE is a European FinTech company that offers digital financial and banking services to both individuals and small and medium-sized businesses. The company's operations are divided into three business units: consumer banking (Ferratum), SME banking (CapitalBox) and wholesale banking (Multitude Bank). These units are supported by an internal Banking-as-a-Service platform. The company operates in nearly 16 different countries.

SelectQuote Inc is a Direct-to-consumer (DTC) distribution platform which facilitates consumers to shop for health, life and auto & home insurance policies online. The company generates its revenues by selling insurance products on behalf of the insurance carrier partners in the form of a commission. It has four reportable segments namely Senior, Healthcare Services, Life, and Auto & Home. It functions through three lines namely, SelectQuote Senior, SelectQuote Life, and SelectQuote Auto & Home.

North Media AS provides platforms for business communication with consumers. The group has the following business areas: Last Mile with the company FK Distribution, which packs and distributes printed matter to households. The other business area: Digital Services, includes the companies, BoligPortal, which is a rental housing platform, Ofir, which is a job portal, and the company BEKEY, which offers secure, digital access solutions to, among others, distributors and home care providers.

AIFU Inc is an independent financial services provider in China. It offer end-to-end business solutions spanning compliance, technology, products, services, capital flow and professional training. It connects customers with insurance protection, retirement planning, health management, asset management, and family governance services. The company operated in two segments: the insurance agency segment, which derives maximum revenue, consists of providing agency services for distributing life insurance products and non-life insurance products on behalf of insurance companies, and the claims adjusting segment consisting of providing pre-underwriting survey services, claims adjusting services, disposal of residual value services, loading/unloading supervision services and consulting services.

Jiayin Group Inc is China's technology service group. It is an enterprise engaged in technological innovation services. It is committed to using big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and other technologies to connect consumers and financial institutions in consumption scenarios so that every user can enjoy efficient and convenient technology services. The company has engraved technological innovation into the company's development genes since its establishment, adheres to the dual drive of digital plus technology, and focuses on building a cloud service platform and intelligent risk control system with big data drive as the core concept.

Temairazu Inc is a Japan-based company engaged in the operation of comparison.com, an overall comparison site. It provides comparison services in the fields of shopping, travel, insurance, asset investment, learning credential, motorbike, and business.

Meliuz SA provides online discount coupons and cashback offers. The company provides cash rebates and even returns part of the amount spent on the purchases.

Enechange Ltd is a energy switching platform for consumers, and cloud based SaaS applications namely EMAP (digital marketing), SMAP (AI-based smart meter analytics) for energy companies.

Cdon AB is a Nordic region-based marketplace. Customers can choose to shop and compare prices on millions of products. Over 1,500 retailers offer their range on CDON's marketplace to increase their sales. This gives CDON various products, movies, music, computers, games, office supplies, books, toys, consumer electronics, household appliances, sports, outdoor, beauty care, fashion, shoes, computers, and computer products. Its geographical revenue comes from the majority of Sweden.

Token Cat Ltd is an omnichannel automotive marketplace in China. The company operates in one segment, providing auto shows, special promotion event services, virtual dealerships, online marketing services, and more. It organizes auto shows to facilitate transactions between consumers and auto dealers, which include auto dealers, automakers, and automotive service providers. It offers services through its online platform and offline events.

Eniro Group AB is a search engine company for individuals and companies operating in Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland, and Poland. Its operations are divided into two business areas. The Marketing Partner business area offers local small and medium-sized companies a comprehensive range of digital marketing services with the help of both external partnerships and its local search engines. The Dynava business area offers customer service and response services for larger companies in the Nordic region, as well as directory inquiry services.

Gurunavi Inc is a Japan-based company which acts as a restaurant search site which provides the latest information of expansive numbers of member restaurants. The company provides its restaurant information to TripAdvisor, a travel website, such as detailed menu, ingredient, seating, pricing and more through personal computers, cellular phones, and smartphones. Gurunavi also provides home delivery catering, wedding information, the sale of food products and other travel-related business services.

Cheche Group Inc is engaged in the operation of providing insurance transaction services, Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) services and other services in China.. It is China’s independent technology-empowered platform for auto insurance transaction services by digital auto insurance transaction premiums and insurance technology companies. The company has reshaped the traditional auto insurance distribution and services value chain to create a digital platform by improving operational efficiencies, reducing transaction costs, and expanding distribution channels. Its business scope ranges from digital insurance transactions, SaaS platforms for insurance intermediaries, AI-driven insurance pricing and underwriting services, auto insurance services for new energy vehicle (NEV) manufacturers, etc.

eHealth Inc is a company involved in private health insurance marketplace with a technology and service platform that provides consumer engagement, education and health insurance enrollment solutions. The company operates its business in two segments: Medicare which provides health insurance plans and lesser extent ancillary products such as dental and vision insurance and hospital indemnity plans, to medicare eligible consumers; and Employer and Individual provides individual and family health insurance, and small business health insurance plans and Individual Coverage Health Reimbursement Arrangements. It derives maximum revenue from Medicare Segment. All of the company's revenue is from the United States. It also has a presence in China.

MoneyHero Ltd is a personal finance aggregation and comparison company in Greater Southeast Asia. The firm is involved in the operation of online financial comparison platforms and related services for credit cards, personal loans, mortgages, insurance, and other financial products, connecting the providers of these products with well-matched and ready-to-transact consumers and generating revenue directly from these providers for placing their products on its platforms and providing insurance brokerage, marketing and events-related services. Geographically it operates in Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Malaysia and the Philippines.

Giftify Inc through its wholly-owned subsidiary, has been in the business of connecting digital consumers, businesses and communities with dining and merchant deal options throughout the United States. The company connects digital consumers, businesses, and communities offering dining and merchant deal options nationwide restaurants, and retailers to customers. The Company buys merchant gift cards from the general public and distributors at a discount and then resells them at a markup.

Dotz SA develops and manages a customer loyalty programme based on the consumption of goods and services provided by partners, as well as the monetization of redemption rights and premiums.

Catena Media PLC is a European company engaged in performance marketing and lead generation on the Internet. Catena Media is active within the iGaming and Financial Services industries. The group operates in the following segments: Casino and Sports. The group attracts end-users and generates revenue by using three primary online marketing methodologies, namely, Generating organic traffic by search engine optimization (SEO), including acquisitions; Paid media by using pay-per-click (PPC) media channels; and Providing website users a slimmed-down version of content through subscriptions.