T Scientific Valuation Multiples

Amazon is the leading online retailer and marketplace for third party sellers. Retail related revenue represents approximately 74% of total, followed by Amazon Web Services (17%), and advertising services (9%). International segments constitute 22% of Amazon's total revenue, led by Germany, the United Kingdom, and Japan.

Shopify offers an e-commerce platform primarily to small and medium-size businesses. The firm has two segments. The subscription solutions segment allows Shopify merchants to conduct e-commerce on a variety of platforms, including the company’s website, physical stores, pop-up stores, kiosks, social networks (Facebook), and Amazon. The merchant solutions segment offers add-on products for the platform that facilitate e-commerce and include Shopify Payments, Shopify Shipping, and Shopify Capital.

MercadoLibre runs the largest e-commerce marketplace in Latin America, with about 150 million active users and more than 600 million active listings across 18 countries stitching into its commerce network or fintech solutions when last reported. The company operates a host of complementary businesses to its core online shop, with shipping solutions (Mercado Envios), a payment and financing operation (Mercado Pago and Mercado Credito), advertisements (Mercado Clics), classifieds, and a turnkey e-commerce solution (Mercado Shops) rounding out its arsenal. MercadoLibre generates revenue from final value fees, advertising royalties, payment processing, insertion fees, subscription fees, and interest income from consumer and small-business lending.

ELM Co is engaged in providing ready-made and customized digital solutions in many areas. Its ready-made solutions serve a broad segment of customers, who can subscribe to different packages of their choosing to meet their needs and suffice business requirements. The services offered by the company include Consulting, Data Analysis and Technical solutions. The segments are Digital Business, Business Process Outsourcing and Professional Services, out of which the majority are from the Digital Business segment.

Toast Inc is a cloud-based, all-in-one digital technology platform purpose-built for the restaurant community. The company provides a comprehensive platform of software-as-a-service (SaaS) products and financial technology solutions, including integrated payment processing, restaurant-grade hardware, and a broad ecosystem of third-party partners. It serves as a restaurant operating system, connecting front of house and back of house operations across service models such as dine-in, takeout, and delivery. It operates through one reportable segment consisting of its SaaS products, financial technology solutions, integrated payments, hardware, and partner ecosystem.

Allegro is a large Polish holding company with a suite of complementary online retail properties including Ceneo (price comparisons), EBilet (live events tickets), We|Do (courier services), and the Mall Group (online and offline retail in adjacent Central European markets). The firm is best known for its eponymous e-commerce marketplace, which generates predominantly third-party product sales across the home and garden, electronics, health and beauty, automotive, and supermarket categories. The operator boasts 45% to 50% share of the Polish e-commerce market by GMV, per our calculations and PWC data, and has built out a suite of ecosystem functionality that includes financial, logistics, and advertising services.

Rakuten is a leading e-commerce and fintech service provider in Japan. It has built up a comprehensive Rakuten ecosystem in Japan, including Rakuten Ichiba for e-commerce, Rakuten Travel, Rakuten Card, Rakuten Bank, Rakuten Securities, and became the fourth mobile network operator in Japan in April 2020. The loyalty program, Rakuten Super Points, has encouraged cross-use of services in its ecosystem. About 90% of its revenue is generated from the Japanese market.

TaTaTu Enterprises is a video-on-demand platform rewarding users with tokens for watching movies, sports, music, and gaming content.

Beijing Shiji Information Technology Co Ltd is an information technology company based in China. It is engaged in the development of software solutions serving mainly hotel, food and beverage, retail, and leisure and entertainment sectors. Shiji provides branded chain stores with complete management solutions and department store solutions which include investment management system, ERP, CRM, visual counter system, mobile POS and cloud platform. In addition, Shiji provides installation, certifications and after-sales service for a variety of hardware including servers, point of sale equipment and printers.

Innodata Inc is a data engineering company. It is helping companies deploy and integrate AI into their operations and products and providing AI-enabled industry platforms. The Company’s operations are classified in three reporting segments: Digital Data Solutions (DDS), Synodex and Agility. Key revenue is generated from DDS segment provides AI data preparation services, collecting or creating training data, annotating training data, and training AI algorithms for its customers, and AI model deployment and integration. It also provides a range of data engineering support services including data transformation, data curation, data hygiene, data consolidation, data extraction, data compliance, and master data management.

Diebold Nixdorf Inc is engaged in providing software and hardware services for financial and retail industries. The customer segments of the company are Banking, which offers integrated solutions for financial institutions, and Retail, which offers solutions, software, and services that improve the checkout process for retailers. A majority of its revenue is generated from the Banking segment.

Newland Digital Technology Co Ltd, formerly Fujian Newland Computer Co Ltd is an IT products and services provider in China. It provides solutions for barcode recognition, financial payment, mobile and other communications, traffic information and internet finance activities. The company offers barcode recognition technology, POS machines for electronic financial payment, intelligent transportation solutions, cloud computing and big data services, online to offline two-dimensional code marketing services and other solutions. In addition, it provides solutions which integrates software development, hardware manufacturing and system integration in the field of food safety.

Agilysys Inc provides hospitality software delivering cloud-native SaaS and on-premise solutions for hotels, resorts, cruise lines, casinos, corporate foodservice management, restaurants, universities, stadiums, and healthcare facilities. The company’s software solutions include point-of-sale (POS), property management (PMS), inventory and procurement, payments, and related applications that manage and enhance the entire guest journey. It derives maximum revenue from the provision of software subscription and maintenance services, followed by the provision of professional services, and the sale of products (proprietary software licenses, third-party hardware, and operating systems). Agilysys operates across North America, Europe, the Middle East, Asia-Pacific, and India.

Nayax Ltd is an end-to-end retail technology platform for unattended commerce. It provides consumers with digital, cashless payments, and connected commerce experiences, enhancing consumer conversion and loyalty. Its platform addresses the entire unattended commerce value chain, including a payments infrastructure, a commerce software suite, a consumer engagement platform, and integrated POS devices. The company addresses a broad range of retail verticals, including all types of vending machines, coffee machines, unattended checkout counters, self-service kiosks, ticketing machines, car wash stations, gaming machines, amusement rides, laundromats, EV charging stations, and many more.

Vusion is a company that offers Vuision Retail IOT technology platform to help retailers transform their physical stores into high-value digital assets that are more automated, data-driven, and connected in real-time to suppliers and consumers. It connects shelves to the cloud, providing real-time accurate information on product availability and location, allowing for reduced inventory, out-of-stock, and waste, as well as improved on-shelf availability and merchandizing compliance.

Modivo SA operates in the footwear and apparel segment across multiple European markets. The group follows an omnichannel retail model that includes a network of physical stores and e-commerce platforms. Its operations are conducted under several brands, including CCC, HalfPrice, eobuwie.pl, MODIVO, Worldbox, and Boardriders.

Xinhua Winshare Publishing & Media Co Ltd is engaged in integrated cultural operations specializing in the creative content production of publications, education services, cultural consumption services, supply chain services, and capital operation. Its activities are editorial and publishing of publications, sales of publications in physical stores and the internet, distribution of textbooks and supplementary materials, education information and equipment services, etc. It is through two operating segments; the Publication segment, which includes publishing books, periodicals, and audiovisual products, and the Distribution segment, which comprises the distribution of textbooks and supplementary materials. The group generates a majority of its revenue from the Distribution segment.

Pluxee NV is a company providing employee benefits and engagement. The company offers products and services focused on their real daily needs from meal orders to expense reports and well-being. The company's operating segments include: Continental Europe; Latin America; and Rest of the world. It derives maximum revenue from Continental Europe. Geographically, the company derives maximum revenue from Brazil.

Wix.com is a software-as-a-service content management system platform that allows users to create, customize, and manage websites for themselves, or for clients. Wix is best known for its Wix Editor service for self-creators, but in recent years has invested heavily and introduced its Wix Studio offering for partners, who are agencies and developers. Wix also offers a range of business solutions such as payment services and marketing products.

Ziff Davis Inc is a digital media and internet company operating a portfolio of brands across technology, shopping, gaming and entertainment, health and wellness, connectivity, and cybersecurity. The company has five reportable segments. The Technology & Shopping segment generates revenue from advertising and commerce content. The Gaming & Entertainment segment provides content, subscriptions, and digital storefront services. The Health & Wellness segment offers digital tools and content for health management. The Connectivity segment provides data and analytics solutions for network performance. The Cybersecurity & Martech segment delivers cloud-based software for security and marketing. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Health & Wellness segment.

Suning.com Co Ltd, formerly Suning Commerce Group Co Ltd, is a retail shop offering electronic appliances such as air-conditioners, refrigerators, washing machines, color TVs, audio-video products, small home appliances, communication products, computers and digital products.

Lightspeed Commerce Inc provides an omni-channel commerce-enabling SaaS platform. Its software platform provides customers with the functionality it needs to engage with consumers, manage their operations, accept payments, and grow their businesses. The company sells its platform through a direct sales force in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, and other countries. It derives a majority of its revenue from the United States.

GigaCloud Technology Inc provides end-to-end and B2B e-commerce solutions for large parcel merchandise. Its B2B e-commerce platform, which is referred to as the GigaCloud Marketplace, integrates everything from discovery, payments, and logistics tools into one easy-to-use platform. It offers online and offline integrated cross-border transaction and delivery services for furniture and large merchandise. Its marketplace seamlessly connects manufacturers in Asia, with resellers in the U.S., Asia, and Europe, to execute cross-border transactions with confidence, speed, and efficiency. It offers a truly comprehensive solution that transports products from the manufacturer’s warehouse to end customers, all at one fixed price.

Rezolve AI PLC is an AI-powered solutions company, specializing in enhancing customer engagement, operational efficiency, and revenue growth for the retail and e-commerce sectors. The company's product, Brain Commerce, powered by its proprietary Large Language Model (LLM) brainpowa, transforms the online shopping experience. By surpassing traditional site search and product discovery tools, Brain Commerce improves conversion rates, increases average order value (AOV), and reduces cart abandonment. The company has one reportable segment, which is cloud-based services. Geographically, the company generates revenue from Canada, the United States, Mexico, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Japan, with the majority of revenue generated from the United States.

NCR Voyix Corp is a company providing services of digital commerce solutions for retail, restaurant, and digital banking. The company operates in three reportable segments: Retail, Restaurants, and Digital Banking. The Retail segment provides software solutions for retailers of all sizes, enhancing operational efficiency and customer experience. The Restaurants segment offers end-to-end technology solutions for food service establishments, improving operational efficiency, and customer satisfaction, and reducing costs. The Digital Banking segment serves financial institutions with cloud-based software solutions for a fully integrated digital banking experience across channels. Revenue sources include software sales and service support within each segment.

WAG Payment Solutions PLC, formerly Eurowag is a pan-European integrated payment & mobility platform focused on the commercial road transport industry. The group's business involves the provision of services to the CRT industry which is focused on two primary segments: Payment solutions, comprising energy payments through pre-pay or post-pay fuel cards and toll payments; and Mobility solutions, comprising tax refund services; telematics; smart routing apps; and other adjacent services.

QuinStreet Inc focuses on marketplaces and technologies for the financial services and home services industries. It delivers measurable and cost-effective marketing results to its clients, in the form of qualified inquiries such as clicks, leads, calls, applications, or customers. It generates revenue by delivering measurable online marketing results to the clients. Its products and services are Customer Acquisition, QuinStreet Rating Platform (QRP), and CloudControlMedia. Geographically, it operates in United States and Internationally, of which maximum revenue is derived from United States.

Ibotta Inc is a performance marketing platform. It allows CPG brands to deliver digital promotions to consumers through a single, convenient network called the Ibotta Performance Network (IPN).

Riskified Ltd has built a next-generation eCommerce risk management platform that allows online merchants to create trusted relationships with their consumers. It generates revenue by granting merchants access to its eCommerce risk management platform and reviewing and approving eCommerce transactions for legitimacy. Its merchants include some of the ecommerce brands including Wayfair, Lastminute.com, SHEIN, and Macy’s. Its merchants operate in a variety of verticals, including Payments, Money Transfer & Crypto, Tickets & Travel, Electronics, Home, Fashion & Luxury Goods, General Retail and Food. The company derived maximum revenue from Israel.

THG PLC is an online retailer. It provides an end-to-end direct-to-consumer ("D2C") e-commerce solution for consumer brand owners under a Software as a Service, in addition to stand-alone services, including hosting, content creation and translation. Its business is operated through four businesses: THG Ingenuity, THG Nutrition, THG Beauty and Other. The company operates in the United Kingdom.

Star Micronics Co Ltd is engaged in the manufacture and sale of machinery, electronic components, machine tools and precision parts. It operates with various segment namely; Special products segment which offers point-of-sale printers, Visual cards, Readers and Writers; Components segment produces and sells electronic buzzers, microphones, speakers, receivers and others; Machine Tools segment offers computer numeric control automatic lathes and others; and Precision Products segment produces and sells wristwatch parts, optical connector parts, automotive parts, medical parts and others. The company generates most of its revenue from the machine tools segment and it has business presence worldwide, including Japan, the United States, Europe, and other Asian areas.

Auction Technology Group PLC is a digital marketplace operator that powers the discovery and sale of curated secondary goods through trusted online platforms. The Group operates curated auction and list-price marketplaces and provides value-added services, including seller marketing, integrated payments, shipping solutions, cross-listing capabilities, white-label auction technology, and partner network services. Its operations are organised into two reportable segments: Arts & Antiques and Industrial & Commercial, across which it operates multiple specialist marketplaces. The majority of revenue is generated from the Arts & Antiques segment. Geographically, it serves the United Kingdom, Mexico, Germany, and the United States, with the majority of revenue generated from the United States.

Infomart Corp is a Japan-based provider of business-to-business e-commerce software solutions. The firm's operations are organized in six segments: Application Service Provider (ASP) Ordering, which offers ordering systems and online document processing services; ASP Written Standards, which uploads written standards online; ASP Negotiation for groupware; ASP Ordering and Operation for food wholesale companies; Cloud Service, which offers a data delivery system for food wholesale companies; and Overseas, which offers solutions to overseas markets.

Groupon Inc acts as the middleman between consumers and merchants, offering products and services at discounts via its online store. It offers consumers daily deals from local merchants. The company's operations are organized into two segments: North America and International. The company generates the majority of its revenue from North America. The company generates revenue from transactions during which the company generates commissions by selling goods or services on behalf of third-party merchants. Revenue also includes commissions the company earn when customers make purchases with retailers using digital coupons accessed through its digital properties.

PAR Technology Corp is a foodservice technology company providing omnichannel cloud-based software and hardware solutions to the restaurant industry in three restaurant categories - quick service, fast casual, and table service - and the retail industry, including convenience and fuel retailers (C-Stores). The company's product and service offerings include point-of-sale, customer engagement and loyalty, digital ordering and delivery, operational intelligence, payment processing, hardware, and related technologies, solutions, and services. The company generates revenue from subscription service, Sale of Hardware products, and Professional Service.

Vtex provides a software-as-a-service digital commerce platform for enterprise brands and retailers. Its platform enables customers to execute their commerce plan, including building online stores, integrating and managing orders across channels, and creating marketplaces to sell products from third-party vendors. It generates maximum revenues from Brazil followed by Latin America and the rest of the world.

ODDITY Tech Ltd offers a consumer tech platform that is built to transform the beauty and wellness market. The ODDITY platform is designed to support a portfolio of brands and services that innovate and disrupt the expansive beauty and wellness market. It consumes user data to develop physical beauty and wellness products that deliver performance and functionality. Its brands include SpoiledChild and IL Makiage.

Huitongda Network Co Ltd is engaged in the sales of a comprehensive suite of merchandise in the PRC and the provision of intelligent business and marketing subscription services, offering merchant solutions and rendering other various related services. Its business lines are the Commerce business, which mainly includes direct sales and provision of marketplace service that enables merchants to sell their products to transacting users through the online platform, and the service business segment, which mainly represents the provision of intelligent business and marketing SaaS+ subscription service and a collection of merchant solutions. It generates a majority of its revenue from the Commerce business.

Baida Group Co Ltd is a China-based company. Its business activities are divided into three divisions including a department store, hotel operation, and property service. The company operates a department store in Hangzhou.

Wirtualna Polska Holding SA is a holding company based in Poland. It owns and runs internet portals. Its core operations comprise the sale of advertising services on the Internet and operating Internet portals such as . o2, Pudelek, Money.pl, domodi.pl, wakacje.pl, nocowanie.pl, Extradom.pl, totalmoney.pl as well as providing electronic services. Its segment include: Advertising and Subscriptions, Tourism and Consumer finance.

ITAB Shop Concept AB is a Sweden-based company that develops, manufactures, and installs a full set of shop fitting concepts for retail chain stores. The company operates in numerous countries and has production facilities in Europe and China. Solutions provided by the company include customized shop concepts, shop checkout solutions, lighting systems, and others. These products and services focus on helping customers improve their shopping environment. The ITAB Shop Concept operates based on a project management function, providing all-inclusive solutions that cover the entire process. The company generates the majority of revenue from Europe.

ContextLogic Holdings Inc Formerly ContextLogic Inc is an online shopping store. The store provides personalized products, clothing products, accessories, gaming products and equipment, cosmetics, plastic products, mobile covers, and other products. Geographically, it derives majority of its revenue from Europe and also has a presence in North America; South America, and other countries.

Pinewood Technologies Group PLC is an automotive software provider. Its automotive retail system is developed collaboratively with dealers and OEMs to provide a secure cloud solution. The company has one operating segment named software, which consists of the company's activities as a dealer management systems provider. Geographically, the company generates the majority of its revenue from the UK.

Metropal Kurumsal Hizmetler AS is a Turkish fintech company operating as MetropolCard, which provides an electronic payment system that enables companies to manage, track, and audit employee meal allowances online through smart cards.

Shoper SA is a leader on the Polish market of software vendors for e-commerce in the SaaS model. It enables entrepreneurs to conveniently, quickly and easily set up own online store and conduct sales in the online channel. The comprehensive offer of the company consists of the Shoper platform available as a subscription, allowing for flexible adaptation to the needs of a given client, and a number of services sold in the pay-as-you-grow model, directly correlated with the number of orders or turnover generated through stores on the platform.

Hancom Inc operates in the software industry in Korea. It develops a range of software applications from cloud based service, office software and web based software. Its office software consists of the word processor, table calculation spreadsheet application, and presentation program. It renders web based solutions through the mobile phone platform under names such as Thinkfree Office, Thinkfree Mobile, Thinkfree Online and Thinkfree Conversion Server.

GrocerIQ Holdings Inc. develops advanced artificial intelligence technologies for the grocery and retail industry through its subsidiary. Its next-generation platform uses data analytics, machine learning, and Physical AI to optimize inventory, pricing, and fulfillment in real time. By integrating FreshGrab’s AI-driven shopping experience into the Vezbi Super App, the company connects digital and physical shopping with virtual assistance, personalized recommendations, and seamless delivery. This Super App integration gives the company strategic access to a large, engaged user base and live behavioral data, enhancing its predictive models and strengthening its position in AI-powered grocery retail.

Cafe24 Corp is an e-commerce platform. The company does online business through e-commerce platforms. The services provided by the company include solutions for the shopping mall, advertising, marketing, and hosting infrastructure.