MercadoLibre Valuation Multiples

Amazon is an American technology and retail company headquartered in Seattle, Washington, with a second headquarters in Arlington County, Virginia. It runs the amazon.com online store and marketplace for third-party sellers, the Amazon Prime subscription programme, which had 200 million subscribers worldwide in 2021, and Amazon Web Services, the cloud computing unit launched in 2002 that rents data storage and computing power to companies. It also sells Echo, Kindle and Fire devices, distributes video, music and audiobooks through Prime Video, MGM+, Amazon Music, Twitch and Audible, and owns the Whole Foods Market grocery chain, Ring, IMDb and the self-driving car developer Zoox. Amazon earns revenue from product sales, seller commissions and fulfilment fees, subscriptions, cloud services and advertising. It reported revenue of US$716.9 billion and net income of US$77.7 billion in 2025 with about 1,576,000 employees, making it the world's largest company by revenue as of 2026 and the second-largest private employer in the United States. Jeff Bezos founded the company as Cadabra on July 5, 1994, in Bellevue, Washington, as an online bookstore and renamed it Amazon that November. Bezos, who owns about 8.8% of the shares, became executive chairman in July 2021, when former AWS chief Andy Jassy became chief executive.

Visa Inc. is a global payments technology company headquartered in San Francisco, California, that operates the world's second-largest card payment network after China UnionPay. Its origins lie in BankAmericard, launched by Bank of America in Fresno on 18 September 1958; the network was rebranded Visa in 1976 and the company listed in 2008. Visa does not issue cards, extend credit or set consumer rates and fees; instead it provides financial institutions with Visa-branded payment products and processes transactions over VisaNet, which runs from four data centers. In 2025 its network handled about 257.5 billion transactions worth US$14.2 trillion. For fiscal 2024 it reported revenue of US$35.9 billion and net income of US$19.7 billion with about 31,600 employees, earned from service, data processing and international transaction fees. Ryan McInerney is chief executive. Visa Canada joined the consortium that bought Aeroplan in 2019.

Mastercard Incorporated (NYSE: MA) is a US payments technology company headquartered at 2000 Purchase Street in Purchase, New York. It operates a global card payment network that switches transactions between issuing banks, acquirers, merchants, consumers, businesses and governments in more than 220 countries and territories, and rather than issuing cards itself it provides transaction processing and related payment services. It also sells value-added services and solutions, including security and authentication, consumer engagement and business insights, and its acquisitions include Vocalink in 2016 for $920 million, Brighterion in 2017 and Recorded Future in 2024 for $2.65 billion. In 2025 gross dollar volume on its network reached $10.6 trillion, up 9% in local currency, and net revenue was $32.8 billion, up 16%, with operating income of $18.9 billion, net income of $15.0 billion and about 39,800 employees. It earns fees on payment volume, switched transactions and cross-border activity, net of rebates and incentives paid to customers, plus fees for value-added services. The company traces its origins to the Interbank Card Association, formed in 1966 by Karl Hinke of Marine Midland Bank and other banks, and went public on the NYSE on May 25, 2006; Michael Miebach is chief executive.

Tencent is the world’s largest game publisher, with top-grossing mobile hits like Honor of Kings and Peacekeeper Elite and a steady pipeline of new titles. It also operates WeChat—China’s super-app with roughly 1.3 billion users—embedded in daily life for messaging, short video, mini programs, payments, and shopping. Beyond its own platforms, Tencent is a prolific strategic investor, holding stakes in leading internet companies such as PDD, Kuaishou, and Xiaohongshu.

Alibaba Group is a Chinese technology company headquartered in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, founded on 28 June 1999 by Jack Ma and 17 friends and students as the business-to-business marketplace Alibaba.com. It operates China's largest consumer marketplaces, Taobao (consumer-to-consumer) and Tmall (business-to-consumer), the global B2B site Alibaba.com and domestic wholesale platform 1688, alongside international e-commerce, Alibaba Cloud, the Cainiao logistics network, local consumer services and digital media and entertainment businesses, reorganised in 2023 into six business groups. It earns revenue mainly from merchant advertising and commissions on its marketplaces, plus cloud computing, logistics and direct sales. Early backers included Goldman Sachs, SoftBank and Investor AB, which invested $25 million in October 1999. Its September 2014 New York Stock Exchange IPO raised $25 billion, then the largest in history, giving it a market value of $231 billion, and in January 2018 it became the second Asian company to pass a $500 billion valuation. Joseph Tsai became chairman and Eddie Wu chief executive in 2023.

American Express is a New York City-based global payments and financial services company headquartered at 200 Vesey Street. It issues charge and credit cards to consumers and businesses, runs its own card network and merchant business, and provides travel and financial services through units such as Travel Related Services. It earns discount revenue from merchants, card fees and interest on card loans. In 2025 it reported revenue of USD 72.2 billion and net income of USD 10.8 billion with about 76,800 employees, and it had 141.2 million cards in force at the end of 2023. The company traces its origins to 18 March 1850, when express businesses owned by Henry Wells, William Fargo and John Warren Butterfield merged in Buffalo, New York. It sold half of its corporate travel arm, American Express Global Business Travel, to a Certares-led group in 2014 and retains a stake of about 33.5%. Its Travel Related Services subsidiary invested in Portable Software, later Concur Technologies, in 1998.

Shopify is a Canadian commerce software company headquartered in Ottawa, Ontario, that provides the cloud platform more than 5 million merchants use to run online stores and physical retail. Its subscription plans let businesses build storefronts, manage products, orders and inventory, and sell through point-of-sale systems, social networks and marketplaces, while merchant solutions add Shopify Payments, the Shop Pay accelerated checkout (more than 150 million users in 2024), shipping, merchant lending through Shopify Capital and an app store with more than 10,000 third-party apps. Revenue comes from monthly subscription fees and, increasingly, from payment processing and other transaction-linked services. Merchants processed US$292.3 billion of transactions on the platform in 2024, and 2025 revenue rose 30% to US$11.6 billion with net income of US$1.23 billion; the company had about 7,600 employees in 2025. Shopify was started by Tobias Lütke, Daniel Weinand and Scott Lake, and Lütke remains chief executive. It went public on May 21, 2015, trades on the Toronto Stock Exchange, moved its US listing from the NYSE to Nasdaq on March 31, 2025, and joined the Nasdaq-100 that May.

Charles Schwab is one of the largest retail-oriented financial-services companies in the US, with $11.9 trillion in client assets across its brokerage, banking, asset management, custody, financial advisory, and wealth management businesses at the end of 2025. While best known for its retail brokerage offering, Schwab generates the lion’s share of its revenue and profits through its Charles Schwab Bank and asset management segments. The firm is a dominant player in Registered Investment Advisor (RIA) custody, with over 40% market share, and has recently pushed into wealth management with robo-advisory, direct indexing, and other managed-investment solutions.

Recruit is a holding company for various technology and employment-related businesses. Recruit’s primary business is its HR technology segment, in which it owns two out of three globally scaled employment-related platforms: www.indeed.com, an online marketplace for employment; and www.glassdoor.com, an online review site for employers. Recruit also owns various marketing businesses operating in Japan for life events and lifestyle, a software solutions business for small and medium-size enterprises, or SMEs, in Japan, and various staffing businesses operating throughout the developed world.

Uber Technologies is a technology provider that matches riders with drivers, hungry people with restaurants and food couriers, and shippers with carriers. The firm's on-demand technology platform is currently utilized by traditional cars as well as autonomous vehicles, but could eventually be used for additional products and services, such as delivery via drones or electronic vehicle take-off and landing (eVTOL) technology. Uber operates in over 70 countries, with over 202 million users who order rides or food at least once a month.

S&P Global provides data and benchmarks to capital and commodity market participants. Its ratings business is the largest credit rating agency in the world and S&P's largest segment by profitability. S&P's largest segment by revenue is market intelligence, which provides desktop, data and advisory solutions, enterprise solutions, and credit/risk solutions mostly in the financial-services industry. S&P's other segments include energy (formerly commodity insights, this segment includes Platts and other data), mobility (Carfax), and indexes. S&P plans to spin off mobility in 2026.

Capital One Financial is a diversified financial services holding company headquartered in McLean, Virginia. Originally a spinoff of Signet Financial’s credit card division in 1994, the company is now primarily involved in credit card lending, auto loans, and commercial lending. Following the acquisition of Discover in 2025, the firm also has a modest personal loan business, though credit card lending provides the majority of the bank's revenue.

PDD Holdings operates commerce businesses globally. Its main operations are Pinduoduo, a social commerce platform in China, and Temu, a global e-commerce marketplace. PDD also has a community group purchase business in China. PDD has built a network of sourcing, logistics, and fulfillment capabilities that support its underlying businesses. PDD has also started its first-party brand business for global markets.

Based in Chicago, CME Group operates exchanges giving investors, suppliers, and businesses the ability to trade futures and derivatives based on interest rates, equity indexes, foreign currencies, energy, metals, and commodities. The Chicago Mercantile Exchange was founded in 1898 and in 2002 completed its IPO. Since then, CME Group has consolidated parts of the industry by merging with crosstown rival CBOT Holdings in 2007 before acquiring Nymex Holdings in 2008 and NEX in 2018. In addition, the company has a 27% stake in S&P Dow Jones Indices, making the Chicago Mercantile Exchange the exclusive venue to trade and clear S&P futures contracts. Through CME's acquisition of NEX, it also expanded into cash foreign exchange, fixed-income trading, and collateral optimization.

Intercontinental Exchange is a vertically integrated operator of financial exchanges and provides ancillary data products. Though the company is probably best known for its ownership of the New York Stock Exchange, which it acquired in 2013, ICE operates a large derivatives exchange, too. The company's largest commodity futures product is the ICE Brent crude futures contract. In addition to the exchanges business, which is about 54% of net revenue, Intercontinental Exchange has used a series of acquisitions to create its mortgage technology business (22% of net revenue) and fixed-income and data-services segment (24% of net revenue).

Intuit serves small and midsize businesses with accounting software QuickBooks and online marketing platform Mailchimp. The company also operates retail tax filing tool TurboTax, personal finance platform Credit Karma, and a suite of professional tax offerings for accountants. Founded in the mid-1980s, Intuit enjoys a dominant market share for small-to-midsize business accounting and self-serve tax filing in the US.

Moody’s, along with S&P Ratings, is a leading provider of credit ratings on fixed-income securities. The ratings segment, Moody’s Investors Service, includes corporates, structured finance, financial institutions, and public finance ratings. MIS represents a majority of the firm’s profit and often (depending on bond issuance levels) a majority of the firm's revenue. The other segment, Moody’s Analytics, consists of decision solutions, research and insights, and data and information.

DoorDash is an online delivery demand aggregator. Consumers can use its app to order food on demand for delivery or in-store pickup from participating merchants. After acquiring Wolt in 2022, the firm expanded beyond the US to offer this service in Europe and Asia. DoorDash creates a marketplace that lets merchants build an online presence, market their offerings, and meet demand through delivery. The firm provides similar services to non-restaurant businesses, such as grocery, retail, and pet supplies. DoorDash is also rolling out emerging technologies, such as drone delivery, to continually innovate and deliver the best possible service to both supply-side and demand-side participants in its marketplace.

Carvana Co is an e-commerce platform for buying and selling used cars. The company derives revenue from used vehicle sales, wholesale vehicle sales and other sales and revenues. The other sales and revenues include sales of loans originated and sold in securitization transactions or to financing partners, commissions received on VSCs and sales of GAP waiver coverage. The foundation of the business is retail vehicle unit sales. This drives the majority of the revenue and allows the company to capture additional revenue streams associated with financing, VSCs, auto insurance and GAP waiver coverage, as well as trade-in vehicles.

Prosus is a consumer internet group with listed and unlisted platforms across 100 countries. Around 80% of Prosus’ net asset value is derived from its Tencent holdings, the world’s largest game publisher and operator of WeChat, China’s super app with 1.3 billion users. Prosus has approximately a 23% stake in Tencent. The rest of the group’s businesses and investments are organized into classifieds, food delivery, payments and fintech, and edtech. This includes ownership of iFood, Brazil’s largest food delivery app, and a 25% stake in Swiggy, the second-largest delivery platform in India.In 2019, Prosus was spun out of South Africa-based parent company Naspers Ltd and listed on the Euronext exchange. Naspers holds approximately 75% of Prosus’ shares.

Robinhood is a diversified financial services provider best known for its retail brokerage platform, which historically caters to a young, risk-seeking clientele that trades heavily on margin and in higher-risk asset classes like options, futures, cryptocurrencies, and more recently, in prediction markets. As those customers’ financial needs have begun to mature, Robinhood has rolled out a suite of more conventional products, from retirement accounts to high-yield cash sweep accounts to nascent advisory services (Robinhood Strategies). With $322 billion in customer assets and 27 million active accounts at year-end 2025, the firm has emerged as a significant player in the large, growing US brokerage market.

Bajaj Finance Ltd is the holding company for various financial services businesses under the Bajaj Group, which operates in India. The company is an NBFC in India offering payments, partnerships, services, and lending solutions to customers. The company's model is focused on the acquisition of customers and offering multiple loans and services on a cross-sell basis to meet their financial service needs. The company provides discretionary spending across consumer electronics, furniture, and digital products in India. The company's strategies and structure are closely aligned with those of commercial banks in India. All of its revenue is generated from India.

Deutsche Boerse is a financial exchange company headquartered in Frankfurt, Germany. The company primarily generates revenue through its Eurex and Clearstream segments. Eurex allows for the trading and clearing of derivatives. Clearstream offers custody and settlement services for domestic and international securities, as well as collateral management services. Other segments include Xetra, which generates revenue through trading and clearing cash equities, STOXX (an index business), and several others.

Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing is a vertically integrated securities exchange business offering listing, data, trading, clearing and settlement services across equities, debt and derivatives. HKEx, like Hong Kong itself, functions as a gateway between China and the rest of the world. HKEx serves as a preferred listing venue for Chinese companies outside of China and, through the Connect Scheme, offers two-way trading for a growing group of financial products with the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange.

Nasdaq is an American financial technology and exchange operator headquartered at One Liberty Plaza in New York City and listed on its own Nasdaq Stock Market (NDAQ) as an S&P 500 member. It was founded on February 8, 1971 by the National Association of Securities Dealers as the world's first electronic stock market and became a public company in 2000. It runs the Nasdaq Stock Market, the Philadelphia and Boston stock exchanges and seven Nordic and Baltic exchanges in Copenhagen, Helsinki, Iceland, Riga, Stockholm, Tallinn and Vilnius, which came from its 2008 combination with OMX. The company earns listing and trading fees, sells market data, indexes and analytics, and licenses capital-markets, risk, regulatory and anti-financial-crime software to banks, brokers, asset managers, corporates and other exchanges. Its financial technology business was built largely through acquisitions of fraud-detection provider Verafin in 2020 and risk and regulatory software maker Adenza in 2023. In 2025 Nasdaq reported revenue of $8.26 billion and net income of $1.79 billion, and it had 9,162 employees in 2024. Adena Friedman is chair and chief executive.

London Stock Exchange Group is a financial-markets infrastructure and information group operating exchanges, clearing, index, data, and workflow businesses. The organization serves B2B, B2G customers and counterparties through the operating assets, products, or financial capabilities described in the cited transaction materials. Its principal economics are Services, Subscription, Licensing, while its competitive position depends on sector expertise, asset quality, customer relationships, execution, and disciplined capital allocation. The business was founded in 2007 and is headquartered in London. The 2007 investment concerned the newly formed listed group around the London Stock Exchange and gave Qatar Holding a strategic blocking-scale position. The profile reflects the legal or operating business at the transaction date, including its historical identity where a subsequent listing, merger, privatization, disposal, or reorganization changed its name or ownership.

Meituan is a Beijing-based technology platform company founded in 2010 by Wang Xing and listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange since September 2018, when its shares debuted at HK$69. Its core services are food delivery, the Dianping consumer-review platform, hotel and travel booking and instant retail, and its Keeta brand has taken the delivery model abroad since May 2023, starting in Hong Kong and later reaching the Middle East and Brazil. In 2025 it reported revenue of about CN¥364.9 billion (US$53.8 billion) and employed about 110,000 people. By the end of 2024 it had over 770 million annual transacting users and more than 14.5 million annual active merchants, and it holds a majority share of more than 65% of China's food-delivery market. Meituan also invests through a strategic investment department, which took part in Meicai's Series C round in 2015.

Nubank is a digital banking platform headquartered in Sao Paulo, Brazil, operated by the listed holding company Nu Holdings Ltd (NYSE: NU). It was founded on 6 May 2013 by David Velez and began with a no-fee credit card managed entirely from a mobile app. The group now offers accounts, credit cards, personal loans, insurance and investment products to retail customers in Brazil, Mexico and Colombia. In the first quarter of 2026 it reported 135.2 million customers worldwide, 115 million of them in Brazil, and quarterly revenue above USD 5 billion. It has grown partly through acquisitions, including Plataformatec, Cognitect, Easynvest, Olivia and Hyperplane, and in July 2026 agreed to acquire Banco Porto Real de Investimentos to obtain a Brazilian banking licence. It also invests in fintech start-ups abroad, such as Tyme Group.

eBay is an American e-commerce company based in San Jose, California, that runs online marketplaces where individuals and businesses buy and sell goods through auctions and fixed-price "Buy It Now" listings in 190 markets. It was founded by Pierre Omidyar as AuctionWeb on September 3, 1995, and is listed on Nasdaq and included in the S&P 500. eBay earns most of its revenue from commissions charged to sellers when items sell. In 2023 it reported 132 million annual active buyers and $73 billion of transaction volume, 48% of it in the United States, at a take rate of 13.81%. In 2025 the company generated revenue of $11.1 billion, operating income of $2.28 billion and net income of $2.03 billion, and employed about 12,300 people. Its subsidiaries include the fashion resale app Depop, the Asian marketplace Qoo10 and TCGplayer, a trading-card marketplace agreed in 2022 for up to $295 million. eBay spun off PayPal in 2015, sold StubHub to Viagogo for $4.05 billion in 2020 and sold its classifieds business the same year. Jamie Iannone has been chief executive since April 2020, with Paul Pressler as chairman.

Founded in 2009, Block provides payment services to merchants, along with related services. The company also launched Cash App, a person-to-person payment network. In 2025, Square's payment volume was almost USD 260 million.

Constellation Software is an acquirer, manager, and developer of vertical market software, or VMS, businesses globally. VMS differentiates from horizontal software in that it provides mission critical solutions within a specific industry for customers in a particular market. Constellation operates through a decentralized model in which each business operates as its own independent entity. Managers of individual businesses are incentivized to optimize their business for returns on invested capital and revenue growth. Excess cash generated by the individual businesses is repatriated to portfolio managers who focus on allocating as much capital as possible on new acquisitions. As of 2025, Constellation consisted of over 1,000 individual businesses and 64,000 employees.

Thomson Reuters is a leading global provider of business information services, delivering trusted data, technology, and expertise to professionals across legal, tax, accounting, risk, compliance, and the news and media sectors. Headquartered in Toronto, Canada, the company combines deep domain knowledge with data and software solutions to help clients make informed decisions, manage complexity, and drive efficiency. Thomson Reuters serves legal and accounting/tax professionals, corporations, and governments worldwide, but around 75% of revenue is generated in the US. The company is known for flagship products such as Westlaw, UltraTax CS, and Reuters News.

PayPal was spun off from eBay in 2015 and provides electronic payment solutions to merchants and consumers, with a focus on online transactions. The company had 434 million active accounts at the end of 2024. The company also owns Venmo, a person-to-person payment platform.

Sea started as a gaming business, Garena, but in 2015 expanded into e-commerce. Sea operates Southeast Asia's largest e-commerce company, Shopee, in terms of gross merchandise value. Shopee is a hybrid consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer marketplace platform operating in Indonesia, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Brazil. For Garena, Free Fire is the key revenue-generating game. Sea’s third business, Monee, provides lending, payment, digital banking, and insurance services. As of March 2025, Forrest Li, the founder, chair, and CEO, owned 59.1% of the voting power. Tencent owned 18.5% of issued shares with no voting power.

MSCI has described its mission as enabling investors to build better portfolios for a better world. MSCI's largest and most profitable segment is its index segment, where it provides benchmarking to asset managers and asset owners. MSCI boasts over $18 trillion in benchmarked assets, including over $2.3 trillion in ETF assets linked to MSCI indexes. The MSCI analytics segment provides portfolio management and risk management analytics software to asset managers and asset owners. In its sustainability and climate segment, MSCI provides ESG data to the investment industry. In private assets, MSCI provides real restate reporting, market data, benchmarking, and analytics to investors and real estate managers.

Workday is a software company that offers human capital management, financial management, and business planning solutions for enterprises. Known for being a cloud-only software provider, Workday was founded in 2005 and is headquartered in Pleasanton, California.

National Stock Exchange of India Ltd operates a vertically integrated stock exchange. It offers an integrated platform for trading, clearing, listing and other services such as data feed services, data terminal services and licensing services. The company's platform manages regulatory compliance, risk monitoring, and post-trade settlement. It offers various products across multiple asset classes, including cash market, futures, options, mutual funds platform, commodity derivatives, exchange-traded currency derivatives, wholesale debt market and interest rate futures. The majority of the company's revenue is derived from transaction charges.

East Money Information Co Ltd is engaged in securities business, financial e-commerce service business, financial data service business, and Internet advertising service business. It mainly provides paid financial data services, financial e-commerce services, and Internet advertisement services through its Website, eastmoney.com. It generates majority of ots revenue from the securities business.

Rocket Companies is a financial services company that was originally founded as Rock Financial in 1985 and is currently based in Detroit. Rocket Companies offers a wide array of services and products but is best known for its Rocket Mortgage business. The company’s mortgage lending operations are split between its direct-to-consumer lending, which sees borrowers accessing the company’s lending arm directly through either its mobile app or website, and its partner network where mortgage brokers and other firms use Rocket’s origination process to offer loans to their customers. The company has rapidly gained market share in recent years and will also be the largest mortgage servicer in the US following its acquisition of the Mr. Cooper Group.

Founded in 2012, Coinbase is the leading cryptocurrency exchange platform in the United States. The company intends to be the safe and regulation-compliant point of entry for retail investors and institutions into the cryptocurrency economy. Users can establish an account directly with the firm, instead of using an intermediary, and many choose to allow Coinbase to act as a custodian for their cryptocurrency, giving the company breadth beyond that of a traditional financial exchange. While the company still generates the majority of its revenue from transaction fees charged to its retail customers, Coinbase uses internal investment and acquisitions to expand into adjacent businesses, such as prime brokerage and data analytics.

Expedia Group is an American travel technology company headquartered in Seattle, Washington, that runs online travel booking sites and supplies travel inventory and technology to other businesses. It was founded in October 1996 as a division of Microsoft, spun off as a public company in 1999, came under the control of IAC in 2001 and was spun off by IAC in August 2005. Its three core consumer brands are Expedia, Hotels.com and Vrbo, alongside Orbitz, Travelocity, Hotwire, ebookers, Wotif and the Trivago hotel metasearch site, while its B2B segment powers travel sales for airlines, travel agents, retailers, corporate travel managers and financial institutions. At the end of 2025 it offered about 3.6 million lodging properties, including 2.4 million Vrbo alternative accommodations, plus more than 500 airlines, rental cars, cruises and activities. It earns mainly commissions and margins on bookings, plus advertising revenue; in 2025 gross bookings were $119.6 billion and revenue $14.7 billion, of which lodging contributed $11.8 billion. The company had about 16,000 employees in nearly 50 countries at the end of 2025. Its shares trade on Nasdaq; Barry Diller is chairman and Ariane Gorin chief executive.

JD.com is the third-largest Chinese e-commerce platform by gross merchandise volume in 2024. it offers a wide selection of authentic products with speedy and reliable delivery. The company has built its own nationwide fulfilment infrastructure and last-mile delivery network, staffed by its own employees, which supports both its online direct sales, its online marketplace and omnichannel businesses.

Founded in 1973, Cboe controls the largest option exchange in the US, which provides around 60% of the firm's revenue. The company is best known for its proprietary S&P 500 and VIX index options, which it offers through an exclusive contract with S&P Global. The firm moved into US and European equities through the $3.4 billion acquisition of BATS in 2017. Cboe has continued to look to expand internationally, using acquisitions to build a presence in both Canada and Australia.

Experian is one of the leading credit bureaus in North America and the United Kingdom, providing the consumer information that is the basis for making lending decisions. The company also provides decision analytics, marketing data, and direct-to-consumer credit products and services. Roughly one quarter of the company's revenue is generated outside of North America and the United Kingdom, primarily in Latin America and Asia.

Interactive Brokers is a large, automated retail and institutional brokerage that boasted nearly $780 billion in customer equity at the end of 2025. The company cut its teeth as a market maker, introducing US financial markets to automated and algorithmic training before expanding into brokerage services in 1993. The firm has a wide-ranging client base, with its best-in-class order execution and extremely low margin lending rates catering to a sophisticated audience of hedge funds, proprietary traders, and introducing brokers that account for about 45% of the firm’s commissions. With operations spanning more than 170 electronic exchanges, 40 countries, and 29 currencies, Interactive Brokers caters to a global clientele, with more than 80% of active accounts sitting outside the US.

Zomato (legal name Eternal Ltd) is an online food service platform. The customers use the platform to search and discover restaurants, read and write customer-generated reviews and view and upload photos, order food delivery, book a table, and make payments while dining out at restaurants. It also provides a platform for Restaurant partners and Brands to advertise themselves to the target audience in India and abroad and supplies high-quality ingredients to Restaurant partners. Its reportable segments include India food ordering and delivery; Hyperpure supplies, Quick commerce business, Going Out, and All other segments. The company generates maximum revenue from the India food ordering and delivery segment.

Fiserv is a financial technology company headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, that provides account processing, digital banking, card issuing and merchant acquiring services to banks, credit unions and businesses. Founded in 1984, it built its core banking business through acquisitions such as Information Technology Inc. of Lincoln, Nebraska in 1995, which brought the Premier account-processing platform. Fiserv processes debit and credit card transactions, loyalty programmes, loans, electronic bill payments, ACH and wire transfers, check deposits and ATM transactions on behalf of financial institutions, with a long-standing base among small and midsize US banks. Its 2019 acquisition of First Data for $22 billion added a large merchant-acquiring business, including the Clover point-of-sale platform for small businesses and the Carat payments platform for large enterprises. The company earns recurring processing and transaction fees, software and service fees and hardware sales. In 2025 it reported revenue of $19.8 billion, operating income of $4.38 billion and about 38,000 employees, and roughly 85% of 2024 revenue came from the US and Canada. Takis Georgakopoulos became chief executive in 2025 after Frank Bisignano left to run the US Social Security Administration, and in November 2025 the shares moved from the NYSE to Nasdaq under the ticker FISV.

Naspers Ltd is an Internet and entertainment group and technology investor in the world. Operating in more than 120 countries and markets with long-term growth potential, Naspers builds companies that empower people and enrich communities. It runs some of the platforms in the internet, video entertainment, and media. Naspers operates in various sectors including online classifieds, food delivery, payments, travel, education, health, and social and internet platforms. People use products and services of companies that Naspers has invested in, acquired, or built, including Azos, PharmEasy, ElasticRun, Alwans, and Vegrow among others. Geographically, the company derives maximum revenue from Europe and the rest from Asia, Africa, Latin America, North America, and other regions.