Tiv Taam Holdings Valuation Multiples

Since its founding in 1962, Walmart has become the world’s largest retailer, operating over 10,700 stores globally (including 4,600 namesake locations on its home turf and another 600 Sam’s Club outlets) and growing its e-commerce presence, attracting 270 million customers weekly. In aggregate, the firm posted more than $680 billion in fiscal 2025 sales. Its core operations span three reporting segments: Walmart US (68% of fiscal 2025 sales), Walmart International (18%), and Sam’s Club (14%). Within the US, nearly 60% of its $465 billion in fiscal 2025 revenue came from its grocery offerings, with another quarter from general merchandise. Internationally, Walmart’s operations are concentrated in Mexico, though it also has budding exposure to India.

Founded in 1983, Costco Wholesale now operates a global chain of membership-based warehouse clubs, delivering high-quality goods and services at consistently low prices. As of its most recent fiscal year, Costco operated approximately 910 warehouses, serving more than 80 million members across its three geographic segments: Costco US (approximately 73% of total revenue), Costco Canada (13%), and Costco International (14%).Costco’s core value proposition—quality products at unbeatable prices—has yielded consistently strong member renewal rates (93% in the US and Canada and nearly 90% internationally). About 55% of Costco’s fiscal 2025 revenue came from its grocery offerings, and another 25% from general merchandise.

The Coca-Cola Company is a United States beverage company headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. It owns and markets a global portfolio of sparkling soft drinks, water, sports drinks, juice, dairy, plant-based beverages, tea and coffee brands. Its principal brands include Coca-Cola, Sprite, Fanta, Dasani, Powerade, Minute Maid and Costa. The company generally manufactures concentrates and syrups and works with independent and company-owned bottling partners that produce, package and distribute finished beverages. It serves consumers through retailers, restaurants, entertainment venues and other commercial channels in markets around the world. Revenue comes from sales of concentrates, syrups and finished beverages, together with related brand and distribution activity. The company is publicly listed and traces the Coca-Cola drink to 1886. During Beatrice’s post-buyout breakup, Coca-Cola acquired the former Beatrice soft-drink bottling operations in 1986.

With a 150-year-plus history, Nestle is the largest food and beverage manufacturer in the world by sales, generating roughly CHF 90 billion in annual revenue. Its diverse product portfolio includes brands such as Nescafe, Maggi, Nespresso, and Purina. The company employs 270,000 people around the world and has a vast portfolio of global products, with more than 30 brands each achieving more than CHF 1 billion in sales annually and a geographic presence that spans 185 countries.

PepsiCo is a global food and beverage company whose portfolio includes Pepsi, Lay’s, Doritos, Cheetos, Gatorade, Quaker and SodaStream. It develops, manufactures, markets and distributes branded snacks, drinks, cereals and convenient foods in more than 200 countries and territories. Operations span company-owned manufacturing and bottling, franchise bottlers, direct-store delivery, warehouse distribution and food-service channels. Retailers, restaurants and distributors buy packaged products for resale, while consumers purchase the brands through grocery, convenience, hospitality and online channels. The group combines global brand development with regional product recipes, local production and route-to-market networks. Revenue is generated primarily through product sales and wholesale distribution to trade customers.

Anheuser-Busch InBev is a global brewing group based in Leuven, Belgium, with publicly traded shares and American depositary receipts. The company produces, markets and distributes beer across a broad portfolio of international and local brands. Important brands include Budweiser, Corona, Stella Artois, Beck’s, Hoegaarden and numerous regional products. Its revenue derives primarily from beverage sales through wholesale, retail and hospitality distribution channels. The group was formed through the combination of InBev and Anheuser-Busch and operates across both developed and emerging markets. Its business model combines large-scale brewing and distribution with local consumer brands and international brand investment. AB InBev sold Oriental Brewery in 2009 as part of its deleveraging programme and agreed to reacquire the South Korean brewer in 2014. The transaction brought Cass and Oriental Brewery’s domestic operations back into its Asia-Pacific business.

Unilever is a diversified beauty, wellbeing, and personal care (44% of 2024 sales by value), homecare (20%), and packaged food (36%) company. Its brands include Dove personal-care products, Knorr soups and sauces, Hellmann's mayonnaise, Axe and Rexona deodorants, and TRESemme haircare. The firm has been acquisitive in recent years; notable purchases include Paula's Choice, Liquid I.V., Horlicks, and Wild deodorants. The company derives 58% of its sales from emerging markets and 42% from developed markets. The US is its largest market, accounting for around 20% of sales, followed by India, which accounts for 11% of sales.

Monster Beverage is a leader in the energy drink category within the nonalcoholic ready-to-drink beverage market, generating two thirds of revenue in the US and Canada. The well-known Monster trademark includes brands such as Monster Energy, Monster Ultra, Java Monster, and Juice Monster. The firm also owns other energy drink brands, such as Reign, NOS, Burn, Bang and Mother, and brews and distributes beers and flavored malt beverages following the acquisition of a craft brewer in 2022. Monster controls branding and innovation but outsources beverage manufacturing and packaging to copackers and finished goods distribution to bottlers in the global Coca-Cola system (pursuant to a 20-year agreement inked in 2015). Coke is the largest shareholder of Monster with a 19.5% stake.

Mondelez has operated independently since its split from the former Kraft Foods North American grocery business in October 2012. The firm is a leading player in the global snack enclave with a presence in the biscuit (49% of sales as of the end of fiscal 2024), chocolate (31%), gum/candy (11%), beverage (3%), and cheese and grocery (6%) aisles. Mondelez's portfolio includes well-known brands like Oreo, Chips Ahoy, Halls, and Cadbury. The firm derives around one-third of its revenue from developing markets, more than one-third from Europe, and the remainder from North America.

Target’s start dates back to 1962, but now it is one of the largest discount retailers in the United States (where it derives all of its sales), operating just under 2,000 stores and generating over $106 billion in fiscal 2024 sales. The company offers a broad assortment of merchandise across categories including apparel and accessories (16% of fiscal 2024 revenue), beauty and household essentials (30%), food and beverage (23%), hardlines (15%), as well as home furnishings (16%). Target’s model is anchored in its physical store base, which fulfills more than 97% of sales. Around 30% of sales are derived from its own private-label brands.

Founded in 1996, Nongfu Spring is a leading beverage producer with products primarily in the packaged water, ready-to-drink tea, juice, coffee, and functional beverages sectors in China. It holds the number-one share in the bottled water market; this segment contributed approximately 40% of the firm’s revenue and EBIT in 2024.

Founded in 1919, Loblaw is Canada’s largest food and pharmacy retailer, operating around 2,500 stores and generating over CAD 64 billion in fiscal 2025 sales. Its core operations span two main retail divisions: food (about 70% of sales) and drug, anchored by Shoppers Drug Mart (30%). Loblaw’s grocery banners include Loblaws, No Frills, and Real Canadian Superstore. The company also boasts a robust portfolio of private-label offerings (about 30% of sales), such as its well-known President’s Choice, No Name, and Joe Fresh brands.

CCEP is the second-largest bottling partner in the Coca-Cola system by volume, behind Coca-Cola Femsa, and primarily operates in developed Europe, Australasia, and Southeast Asia. In 2025, CCEP sold 3.9 billion unit cases of beverages, which we estimate equates to roughly 9% of the global Coke system volume.TCCC owns 19% of the equity of CCEP, Olive Partners, a holding company of bottling operations, owns a further 36%, and the remaining 45% is free float.

Grupo Nutresa SA is a processed food company that operates through eight business units: Cold Cuts, Biscuits, Chocolates, Tresmontes Lucchetti, Coffee, Retail Food, Ice Cream, and Pasta. The company's revenue comes from food products, Beverage, and others. The majority of the company's production and sales take place in Colombia.

Keurig Dr Pepper was established in 2018 following a merger between Keurig Green Mountain Coffee and Dr Pepper Snapple. The company manufactures and distributes coffee systems (including coffee brewers and single-serve coffee pods) under the Keurig and Green Mountain brands, as well as ready-to-drink beverages including flavored (non-cola) sparkling soft drinks under well-known brands such as Dr Pepper, Snapple, and Canada Dry. The company controls production and route to market for its own brands through in-house manufacturing plants and distribution infrastructure and leverages these facilities to manufacture and distribute for third-party coffee and beverage brands via licensing and partnership agreements. The US and Canada make up 95% of revenue, with the rest from Mexico.

Wal - Mart de Mexico SAB de CV is the owner and operator of Wal-Mart branded self-service stores in Mexico and Central America. Wal-Mart de Mexico is a subsidiary of Wal-Mart Stores Incorporated, based in the United States. The company generates the majority of revenue in Mexico and a small proportion of revenue from the rest of Central America. The company operates discount stores, hypermarkets, supermarkets, wholesale stores, and pharmacies. The company also engages in the import and sale of goods, property development, and real estate management activities.

Hindustan Unilever Ltd is an Indian consumer goods company. The firm offers different brands from distinct categories, from cosmetics and hygienic items, including detergents, soaps, shampoos, skincare, toothpaste, and deodorants, to food and beverages (tea, coffee, packaged foods). Its product portfolio contains household brands such as Lux, Lifebuoy, Pepsodent, Closeup, Pureit, Axe, Brooke Bond, Bru, Knorr, Kissan, Pond's, Vaseline, Lakme, Dove, Clinic Plus, Sunsilk, Kwality Wall's, Surf Excel, Rin, Wheel, and Fair and Lovely. The company's segments include Home Care, Beauty & Wellbeing, Personal Care, Foods, and others. Geographically, it generates a majority of its revenue from India.

Tesco is a large food retailer, operating thousands of stores in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Central Europe. The majority of Tesco’s sales are from the UK, where the firm has over 24% market share, more than double the second-largest peer, Sainsbury’s, according to Euromonitor. Tesco also holds 30% e-grocery market share in the UK, holding a dominant position online. Tesco gained exposure to the cash-and-carry and out-of-home delivery industries with the GBP 4 billion acquisition of Booker in 2018.

Spun off from Roche in 2000, Givaudan is one of the world's leading flavor and fragrance manufacturers, with a presence in more than 80 countries. It sources more than 11,000 different ingredients from over 100 countries. The company serves end consumer markets with fragrances for personal, home, and laundry care brands, including prestige perfumes. In flavors, customers are in beverages, savory, snacks, sweet goods, and dairy. Givaudan has nearly 10,000 employees, and its perfumery team is the largest in the industry.

Danone is a global food and beverage industry leader with more than EUR 27 billion annual revenue. Its operations are organized into three broad segments: essential dairy and plant-based products, representing just over half of group revenue; specialized nutrition; and bottled water. The firm's portfolio includes well-known brands such as Danone/Dannon dairy products, Alpro plant-based dairy, Aptamil infant milk formula, Evian and Volvic bottled water, and leading medical nutrition brands.

Sysco is the largest foodservice distributor in the US, with an 18% share of the $377 billion vertical. The firm sells and distributes over 500,000 food and nonfood products to about 730,000 customer locations, primarily serving restaurants, which represented 60% of fiscal 2025 sales. The balance of sales stems from healthcare facilities (8%), education and government clients (8%), travel and leisure customers (7%), and other smaller end markets (17%), like cafeterias. By segment, Sysco earns the bulk of its revenue from its US foodservice operations (70%), followed by its international footprint (18%), SYGMA, which focuses on quick-service logistics (10%), and other (2%). The pending Jetro Restaurant Depot deal stands to add $16 billion in sales upon close, expected in fiscal 2027.

Founded in 1883, Kroger is the largest pure-play supermarket operator in the United States, operating roughly 2,700 stores across more than 30 banners. Kroger’s business is primarily grocery-led (roughly 79% of sales), spanning fresh food and private-label offerings, complemented by fuel centers (9%) and pharmacies (12%). The firm also generates income from advertising, data analytics, and manufacturing.

Woolworths is Australia's largest retailer. Operations include supermarkets in Australia and New Zealand, and discount department and pet stores. Woolworths also supplies businesses, like restaurants and cafes, following the acquisition of PFD Food Services. The Australian food division with its supermarkets constitutes the majority of group EBIT, followed by New Zealand supermarkets and PFD, while Big W is a minor contributor.

Hershey is a leading US confectionery manufacturer (around a $54 billion market, according to Euromonitor), controlling around 36% of the domestic chocolate aisle. Beyond its namesake label, the firm's portfolio has expanded over the last 85 years and now comprises 100 brands, including Reese's, Kit Kat, Kisses, and Ice Breakers. Hershey's products are sold in about 80 countries, albeit with just a high-single-digit percentage of sales coming from markets outside the US, including Brazil, India, and Mexico. The firm has sought inorganic opportunities to extend its reach beyond its core confectionery business, adding Amplify Snack Brands and its Skinny Pop ready-to-eat popcorn to its portfolio, as well as Pirate Brands and Dot's Pretzels over the past few years.

Ahold Delhaize is an international food retail group created by the 2016 merger of Ahold and Delhaize Group. It operates through local supermarket and online retail brands serving customers in the United States and Europe, with additional participation in joint ventures. Its brands sell fresh food, packaged groceries, household goods and private-label products through stores and digital ordering channels. Local businesses retain their customer-facing identities while the group coordinates capabilities such as sourcing, technology and the sharing of retail practices. Revenue principally comes from product sales to household customers, supplemented by the activities of its online retail businesses. For 2025, Ahold Delhaize reported €92.4 billion in net sales, 9,551 stores excluding joint venture stores and approximately 77 million weekly customer visits across stores and online.

Ajinomoto was founded in 1909, and it began manufacturing the world’s first umami seasoning, MSG, made from amino acids. It has since grown to be one of the top manufacturers of sauces and seasonings and has diversified into frozen foods and the manufacture of other amino acid-based materials. Its sauces and seasonings are sold across Southeast Asia, Europe, and the Americas and are found in most supermarkets, making up approximately 60% of its revenue. The remaining 40% is roughly divided into the healthcare and others segment and the frozen food segment. Its healthcare and others segment also includes functional materials, which include an organic resin material, Ajinomoto Build-up Film, which is currently the industry standard for ABF substrates for semiconductors.

Seven & i Holdings operates 7-Eleven, the world’s largest convenience store chain, with almost 87,000 stores globally. 7-Eleven Japan, or SEJ, is the market leader in Japan’s convenience store industry with a 45% value share of the market. About two-thirds of SEJ revenue is driven by food sales. 7-Eleven is also the largest convenience store chain in the US, after a $21 billion acquisition of Speedway in 2020. The deal increased its total US store count to more than 13,200 at the time, although this has since been falling and now stands at slightly more than 12,700 stores. Unlike SEJ, SEI revenue leans more on fuel sales rather than merchandise or food.

Foshan Haitian Flavouring and Food Company was founded in 1955 through the consolidation of 25 condiment producers in Foshan, Guangdong province of China. The company mainly manufactures soy sauces, oyster sauces, dipping sauces, and seasoning sauces. It is the leading condiment manufacturer with number-one market share in soy sauces and oyster sauces in China.

George Weston is a holding company that controls majority stakes in retailer Loblaw and in Choice Properties, a real estate investment trust. Loblaw boasts the largest retail footprint across Canada with 2,500 food retail and pharmacy stores under banners such as Loblaw, No-Frills, Maxi, and Shoppers Drug Mart. Meanwhile, open-ended Choice Properties REIT owns and manages over 700 commercial and residential properties in Canada, generating roughly 60% of its gross rental revenue from its largest tenant Loblaw. Previously, George Weston sold its wholly owned bakery Weston Foods in 2022. The firm is controlled by the Weston family, which owns a 65% stake.

In July 2015, Kraft merged with Heinz to create one of North America's largest food and beverage manufacturers. Beyond its namesake brands, its portfolio includes Oscar Mayer, Velveeta, and Philadelphia. While the retail channel drives around 85% of its total sales, the firm also maintains a growing foodservice presence. Outside North America, Kraft Heinz's global reach encompasses a distribution network in Europe and emerging markets, which accounts for around 25% of its consolidated sales base. The company's products are sold in more than 190 countries and territories.

Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group is the largest dairy products producer in China, with the majority of revenue (around 70%) coming from the liquid milk segment. The company also manufactures ice cream, milk powder, and cheese products. Some flagship lineups include Satine, Yili Pure Milk, Ambrosial, and Changqing. The company also expands its overseas presence through setting up R&D centers and acquiring foreign dairy brands such as Westland in New Zealand and Chomthana in Thailand.

Nestle India Ltd is a subsidiary of Nestle of Switzerland with business divided into milk products and nutrition, beverages, prepared dishes and cooking aids, chocolate and confectionery, and vending food services. Milk products and nutrition consist of nutritional products for infants and pregnant and breastfeeding mothers. The Powdered and Liquid Beverages product division sells tea and instant coffee under the Nestea, Nescafe Classic, and Nescafe Gold brands. Prepared dishes and cooking aids comprise food-enriching flavors under the Maggi brand. The Confectionery products in chocolate and confectionery are KitKat, Munch Nuts, and Nestle Alpino. The company's business activity falls within a single operating segment, namely Food.

Church & Dwight is the leading global producer of baking soda. Its portfolio extends beyond its legacy category to include laundry products, cat litter, oral care, deodorant, and nasal care, all sold under the Arm & Hammer brand. Its brands also include Batiste, OxiClean, Hero, and TheraBreath, which, together with Arm & Hammer, account for around 70% of its annual sales and profits. The firm also added Touchland and its hand sanitizer business to its fold in fiscal 2025. Even as it expands its product reach, Church & Dwight still derives around 80% of its sales from its home US market.

Coca-Cola Femsa, a subsidiary of Femsa, is the largest franchise bottler of Coca-Cola in volume terms. The company purchases beverage concentrates and syrup from Coca-Cola, which it then processes and packages for distribution through modern trade, traditional trade, and the on-premises channel. Mexico and Brazil make up 80% of the total volume and sales, with the rest from other Central and South American countries, including Panama, Guatemala, Uruguay, and Argentina. Femsa and Coca-Cola hold 47% and 28% economic interests in Coca-Cola Femsa through nonpublicly traded A and D shares, respectively, while controlling 56% and 33% of the voting power.

Swiss-based Chocoladefabriken Lindt & Spruengli is a manufacturer of premium chocolate. Key brands include Lindt, Lindor, Ghirardelli, Russell Stover, Whitman's, and Caffarel. The company bought US-based Russell Stover, its largest-ever acquisition, in 2014. It derives the bulk of its sales from Europe (47% of its consolidated base) but also competes in North America (40%) and the rest of the world (13%). The company operates 11 manufacturing plants in Europe and the United States. Its distribution network includes more than 550 own stores.

Coles is one of Australia's largest retailers, operating the second-largest supermarket chain behind market leader Woolworths, and the country's second-largest liquor chain. The group has an extensive store network of over 1,800 stores and roughly 80% of Australians live within a 10-minute drive from a Coles store. The retailer employs some 120,000 people, who process some 20 million individual customer transactions a week. This compares with Woolworths processing about 30 million customer transactions per week from Australia's population of 27 million.

Avenue Supermarts Ltd is an India-based company engaged in the business of organized retail and operates supermarkets under the brand name of D-Mart. It provides products under the categories of Foods, Non-Foods (FMCG) and General Merchandise and Apparel. Foods category includes products such as dairy, staples, groceries, snacks, frozen products, processed foods, beverages and confectionary and fruits and vegetables. Non-Foods (FMCG) comprises home care products, personal care products, toiletries and other over-the-counter products. General Merchandise and Apparel include bed and bath, toys and games, crockery, plastic goods, garments, footwear, utensils and home appliances. The business operations of the company are principally carried out in India.

US Foods is a United States foodservice distributor that supplies fresh, frozen and dry foods together with non-food products used by commercial kitchens. Its customers include independent restaurants, restaurant chains, hospitals, nursing homes, hotels, educational institutions and government organisations. The business purchases products from suppliers and distributes them through a national network of warehouses and delivery operations. It offers national brands as well as its own private-label products and earns revenue from wholesale product sales. The group combines broadline distribution with specialist food businesses acquired in regional markets. Formerly called U.S. Foodservice, it adopted the US Foods name in 2011. Clayton, Dubilier & Rice and KKR acquired the business from Ahold in 2007. A proposed sale to Sysco was terminated in 2015, and the company subsequently returned to public ownership through an initial public offering in 2016.

Coca-Cola HBC is the third-largest bottling partner in the Coca-Cola system by volume, behind Coca-Cola Femsa and Coca-Cola Europacific Partners. In 2025, CCHBC sold 2.9 billion unit cases of beverages. There is a long tail of Coca-Cola distributors, including brewers and independent operators with very small distribution territories.CCHBC is listed on the London Stock Exchange. Kar-Tess, a Luxembourg-based holding company, owns 23% of the equity of CCHBC, and Coca-Cola holds a further 21%. The remaining 56% is free float.

Yihai Kerry Arawana Holdings Co Ltd is engaged in research and development, production, and sales of kitchen food, feed ingredients, and oil technology products. The company operates through three segments: Kitchen Food; Feed raw materials and oil technology; and Others. The Kitchen Food segment covers household and industrial products, including edible oils, rice, flour, noodles, condiments, and related raw and auxiliary materials. The Feed raw materials and oil technology segment provides soybean meal, bran, rice bran meal, along with oil-based and oil-derived chemicals, nutritional products, and daily chemicals from palm oil and other oils. The Others segment is engaged in other businesses. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Kitchen Food segment.

Arca Continental is a major bottler for Coca-Cola, generating 94% of sales and nearly all profits by manufacturing and distributing sodas and nonsparkling drinks under Coca-Cola brands, which it sells to retailers and foodservice providers in the US and Latin America. Food and snacks under Arca’s own brands make up the rest of its revenue. By region, Mexico remains the largest beverage market, contributing 43% of sales, followed by the US (34%), Peru (8%), Ecuador (4%), and Argentina (5%). Coca-Cola has a 20% stake in AC Beverages, the entity that holds Arca’s beverage assets in the US and Latin America.

Tyson Foods is a protein-focused food producer, selling raw chicken, beef, pork, and prepared foods. Chicken and beef are its two largest segments, composing about 40% and 30% of sales, respectively. Prepared foods constituted 18% of fiscal 2025 sales and include brands like Tyson, Jimmy Dean, Hillshire Farm, Ball Park, and Sara Lee. However, most of these are in product categories rife with competition where Tyson does not have a massive market share lead. Tyson sells some products overseas, but the international segment accounts for just 4% of total revenue. The company is an active acquirer, with more recent years' purchases focused on international and food-service markets.

Associated British Foods is a diversified international food, ingredients, and retail group with 138,000 employees and operations in 56 countries across Europe, Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Australia. The group sells branded groceries, grows and processes sugar, supplies farmers with crop input and animal feed, and runs the multinational Primark clothing retail chain. It also supplies ingredients like bakers' yeast, enzymes, lipids, and cereal specialties. In fiscal 2025, approximately 36% of sales came from the UK, and Primark accounted for around 60% of operating profit.On April 21, 2026, ABF announced it plans to separate Primark and the food businesses. Subject to approvals, the demerger is expected to become effective at the end of 2027.

General Mills is a global packaged-food company that produces snacks, cereal, convenient meals, dough, baking mixes and ingredients, pet food, and superpremium ice cream. Its largest brands are Nature Valley, Cheerios, Old El Paso, Pillsbury, Betty Crocker, Blue Buffalo, and Haagen-Dazs. In fiscal 2025, 81% of its revenue was derived from the United States, although the company also operates in Canada, Europe, Australia, Asia, and Latin America. Although most of General Mills' products are sold through retail stores to consumers, the company also sells products to the foodservice channel and the commercial baking industry.

Kerry Group is a leading taste and ingredient technology company and an innovation partner for the food, beverage, and pharmaceutical sectors. The company has more than 200 locations that supply clients in more than 50 countries. Its taste and nutrition unit earns around 70% of its revenue from developed countries and 30% from the developing world, servicing a wide range of sectors, such as meat, meals, snacks, dairy, drinks, and pharmaceuticals. Kerry has expanded through a combination of organic development and dozens of tuck-in acquisitions.

The product of a merger between Jacobs Douwe Egberts and Peet’s Coffee in 2019, JDE Peet’s is the world’s largest pure-play coffee and tea group by revenue, with operations in more than 100 developed and emerging countries. Its portfolio of over 50 brands is the largest in the coffee and tea categories and includes global labels such as Peet’s, Jacobs, L’OR, Senseo, and Tassimo, regional brands like Douwe Egberts, Stumptown, Kenco, Moccona, Intelligentsia, OldTown, and Super, and local marks such as Maison du Cafe in France, Harris in Australia, and Mighty Leaf Tea in the US. The group has a diverse go-to-market approach across the consumer packaged goods, out-of-home, retail, and online sales channels. JDE Peet’s was listed on the Amsterdam stock exchange in 2020.

Swire Pacific is a Hong Kong-based conglomerate with interests in property, aviation, beverage, trading, and industrials. The property division, an 82% stake in Swire Properties, contributes more than half of the group's operating profit. The beverage division is one of two Coca-Cola bottlers in mainland China and also a bottler in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia. The aviation division consists of Haeco, an aircraft engineering company, and a 45% stake in Cathay Pacific. As of end December 2024, John Swire & Sons, the parent company, holds a 60% stake in Swire Pacific but has 68% of the voting rights through a dual-class share structure.

Varun Beverages Ltd is engaged in manufacturing, selling, bottling, and distribution of beverages of the Pepsi brand in geographically pre-defined territories of India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Zambia, Morocco, and Zimbabwe. Its brands include Seven-Up, Mountain Dew, Mirinda, Nimbooz, Tropicana Slice, and other related products. The firm generates a majority of its revenue within India.