Indoor Harvest Valuation Multiples

Altria comprises Philip Morris USA, US Smokeless Tobacco, John Middleton, Horizon Innovations, and Helix Innovations. Through its tobacco subsidiaries, Altria maintains the leading position in cigarettes and smokeless tobacco in the United States and the number-two spot in machine-made cigars. The company's Marlboro brand is the leading cigarette brand in the US with 42% annual share in 2024. Beyond its core business, it holds an 8% interest in the world's largest brewer, Anheuser-Busch InBev and a 41% stake in cannabis manufacturer Cronos. It also acquired vaping company Njoy Holdings in 2023 and operates a joint venture with Japan Tobacco in the heated tobacco category for the US.

Aristocrat Leisure is an electronic gaming machine manufacturer that sells machines to pubs, clubs, and casinos. The firm is licensed in all Australian states and territories, North American jurisdictions, and essentially every major country. Aristocrat is one of the top three largest players in the space along with International Game Technology and Light & Wonder. The company also develops and distributes mobile games, principally in the social casino niche. The more nascent iGaming business sits between these two businesses, providing digital content and capabilities to real-money gaming providers.

Constellation Brands is the largest provider of alcoholic beverages across the beer, wine, and spirits categories in the US, generating 84% of revenue from Mexican beer imports under top-selling brands such as Modelo and Corona. The rest of the business includes some remaining wine and spirits brands, categories where the company has pruned assets in recent years. With its exclusive rights tied to the Mexican beer brands, effective only in the US, the firm has limited revenue exposure to international markets. Constellation owns a 10% stake in Canopy Growth, a medicinal and recreational cannabis producer in Canada, and has a 50/50 joint venture with glass manufacturer Owens-Illinois in Mexico.

Evolution AB is a B2B provider of live and slots casino systems. The Company develops, produces, markets, and licenses fully integrated online casino systems to gaming operators. The company provides business-to-business solutions, which it develops and produces for gaming operators. Evolution's primary product, Live Casino, allows a human dealer to run a real-time casino table, which is then streamed to digital devices. Players can then place bets on desktops, smartphones, and tablets and communicate with the dealer through Evolution's software. The company's services are licensed to casino operators. The company generates the vast majority of its revenue from Asia.

In 2016, Irish company Paddy Power merged with UK firm Betfair to form online gaming operator Flutter Entertainment. Today, Flutter has the top digital revenue share in the US, UK and Ireland, Australia, Italy, and many other countries. Some of its leading brands are FanDuel in the US, Sky Betting & Gaming and Paddy Power in the UK and Ireland, Sportsbet (acquired by Paddy Power beginning in 2009) in Australia, and Sisal in Italy. As of Dec. 31, 2024, the company offered products in over 100 countries and had 13.9 million average monthly users. In 2024, sports betting was 56% of revenue, online gaming 40%, and fantasy sports, horse racing, and other 4%. The company is scheduled to launch a predictive sports betting platform in late 2025.

DraftKings got its start in 2012 as an innovator in daily fantasy sports. Then, following a Supreme Court ruling in 2018 that allowed states to legalize online sports wagering, the company expanded into online sports and casino gambling, where it generally holds the number-two or -three revenue share position across states where it competes. DraftKings is now live with online or retail sports betting in 28 states and i-gaming in 5 states, with both products available to around 40% of Canada's population. In 2024, sports revenue was 61% of total sales, i-gaming 32%, and fantasy and lottery 7%. The company plans to launch a predictive event platform in late 2025 and also operates a non-fungible token commission-based marketplace and develops and licenses online gaming products.

OPAP Holding SA, formerly known as Greek Organisation of Football Prognostics SA, is a gambling company that operates lotteries and sports betting, including horse races. The company is the exclusive gambling provider in Greece. The firm is organized into segments based on the type of game: Lotteries, Betting, Online betting, other online games, instant and passive, Vlts, Telecom and emoney services and others. The gaming services are provided either online or through physical retailers. The company generates the vast majority of its revenue in Greece.

The Lottery Corporation is Australia's largest provider of lottery, keno, and instant-scratch products, with long-dated and/or exclusive licenses for the lottery in all Australian states and territories except Western Australia, and in most states and territories for keno. Lottery Corp has a distribution network of more than 3,800 franchised retailers that sell instant-scratch and lottery products through vendors such as newsstands, gas stations, pharmacies, and convenience stores, as well as online sales. Keno is sold in over 3,400 bars and clubs.

Lottomatica Group SpA is an operator on the gaming market authorized by the Customs and Monopolies Agency. The group operates in various sectors namely Online (sports betting and online games); Betting (sports bets and games on a physical network); Gaming (AWP and VLT entertainment machines, direct management of gaming halls and proprietary AWPs) and d VLT (video lottery terminals) entertainment device networks and management of owned gaming halls and AWPs (Gaming Franchise).

Super Group (SGHC) Ltd is a holding company that operates online sports betting and gaming businesses. The company's reportable segments are Betway, Spin, and Other. A majority of its revenue is generated from the Betway segment, which is a single-brand online sports betting and casino offering with licenses to operate throughout Europe, the Americas, and Africa. Spin is the company's multi-brand online casino offering, having a diverse portfolio of casino brands such as Jackpot City, Spin Casino, Dream Bingo, Mirror Bingo, etc., designed to be culturally relevant globally while aiming to offer a wide range of casino products. Geographically, the company generates maximum revenue from Africa and Middle East, followed by North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and South/Latin America.

Light & Wonder is principally an electronic gaming machine manufacturer, selling machines to pubs, clubs, and casinos. The firm is licensed in most jurisdictions allowing gambling globally. Light & Wonder is one of the three largest players in the space along with International Game Technology and Aristocrat Leisure. SciPlay, about one fourth of revenue, develops and distributes casual mobile games, principally in the social casino niche. The more nascent iGaming business sits between these two businesses, providing digital content and capabilities to real-money gaming providers.

Churchill Downs Inc is a gaming entertainment, online wagering, and racing company. It operates through three business segments: Live and Historical Racing, Wagering Services, and Gaming. The Live and Historical Racing segment includes live and historical pari-mutuel racing. The Wagering Services segment includes the revenue and expenses from pari-mutuel wagers through TwinSpires, companies retail and online sports betting business and Gaming segment includes revenue and expenses for the casino properties and associated racetracks that support the casino license. The Gaming segment generates revenue and expenses from slot machines, video lottery terminals, video poker, HRMs, ancillary food and beverage services, hotel services, commission on pari-mutuel wagering, and racing events.

FDJ United is engaged in Offline and online lottery games and sports betting. Its lottery games include draw games and instant games. Its lottery offers in France include prize draws such as Loto and Euromillions, as well as Illiko instant games. Also through its subsidiaries it has diversified with the roll-out of a French payment and collection service under the Nirio brand name.

Sega Sammy Holdings was established as a holding company in 2004, when video game developer Sega and pachislot and pachinko vendor Sammy merged. The company currently derives majority of its sales revenue from entertainment content and its pachislot and pachinko machine business, which contributed 75% and 23% of total revenue in fiscal 2024, respectively.

Sportradar is a Swiss sports technology company headquartered in St. Gallen that supplies sports data, content and related services to bookmakers, media companies and sports organizations. Through its Betradar brand it provides bookmakers with sports data, odds suggestions, managed trading services and streaming, and it also sells integrity services that monitor betting markets for match-fixing, audiovisual distribution, OTT streaming and digital advertising services. Its partners include the NFL, NBA, NHL, NASCAR and the International Tennis Federation, and its customers include hundreds of bookmakers and state lotteries such as Veikkaus, Svenska Spel and Norsk Tipping. It earns subscription and revenue-share income, and reported revenue of 1.29 billion euros and net income of 100 million euros for 2025, with about 3,900 employees in 29 offices across 20 countries. The business began in 2001 in Trondheim, Norway, as Market Monitor AS, founded by Petter Fornæss and Tore Steinkjer to extract betting odds from online bookmakers, with Carsten Koerl, now group chief executive, buying 51%. EQT invested in 2012, and Michael Jordan and Mark Cuban came in through a Revolution-led investment in 2015. Sportradar listed on Nasdaq (SRAD) on 14 September 2021 at a valuation of about $8 billion.

Entain PLC is a sports betting and gaming company operating online and in the retail sector. It has five segments; UK&I: which comprises betting, gaming, and retail activities from online and mobile operations, and activities in the shop estates within Great Britain, Northern Ireland, Jersey, and the Republic of Ireland; International: which comprises betting, gaming, and retail activities in the shop estates in the rest of the world apart from UK&I and CEE; CEE: comprises betting, gaming and retail activities in Croatia and Poland for brands SuperSport and STS; Corporate: includes costs associated with Group functions including Group executive, legal, Group finance, U.S. joint venture, tax, and treasury; New Opportunities: Reflects the now closed B2C offering under the unikrn brand.

Scotts Miracle-Gro is the largest purveyor of home lawn and gardening products in the US. The company sells a broad range of lawncare products, including grass seed, fertilizer, and lawn-related weed, animal, and disease control. US consumer typically generates the vast majority of companywide revenue and profits. Its lawncare and gardening products are well-recognized brands in the US, including Scotts, Miracle-Gro, Roundup, Ortho, and Tomcat.

Curaleaf is headquartered in Wakefield, Massachusetts, and cultivates and sells medicinal and recreational cannabis in the US. The company has operations in 17 states. Its brands include Curaleaf, Select, and Grassroots. The company has made acquisitions that give it exposure to the growing European market, a unique feature among US multistate operators.

Trulieve Cannabis Corp is a vertically integrated cannabis company that grows, produces, and sells cannabis products. It has licenses to operate in Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia, where it sells medical cannabis products. In addition, the company sells cannabis products for adult use in Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Maryland, and Ohio. The firm's operations are substantially located in Florida and, to a lesser extent, in Arizona and Pennsylvania.

Ballys Intralot SA is a iGaming operator and a world-wide provider of lottery solutions. The company enables operators to modernize their retail and digital offerings, deliver personalized and responsible player experiences, and operate with greater agility and efficiency in an increasingly converging gaming ecosystem. Its products and services include: B2C operations, Gambling Solutions, Betting Solutions, Lottery Solution and Digital Transformation.

Rush Street Interactive Inc is an online gaming and entertainment company that focuses on online casinos and online sports betting in the U.S. and Latin American markets. It provides customers with an array of gaming offerings such as real-money online casinos, online sports betting, and retail sports betting, as well as social gaming, which involves free-to-play games that use virtual credits that can be earned or purchased. The company generates revenue by offering online casinos, online sports betting, and social gaming directly to the end customer through its websites or apps. The company generates revenue through business-to-consumer (B2C) and business-to-business (B2B) models.

Genius Sports Ltd is a B2B provider of scalable, technology-led products and services to the sports, sports betting, and sports media industries. Its services are organized into three key product areas including Sports Technology and Services; Betting Technology, Content and Services; and Media Technology, Content and Services. All of its products are powered by proprietary technology and robust data infrastructure. It generates maximum revenue from the Betting Technology, Content and Services division. Geographically, the company derives a majority of its revenue from Europe.

Green Thumb Industries is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, and produces and sells medicinal and recreational cannabis through wholesale and retail channels in the United States. It has a presence in 14 states and operates more than 100 cannabis stores under the brand Rise. GTI is focusing its expansion on limited license states with large populations, and it does not currently export into the global medical market due to US federal prohibition. It offers multiple products under a portfolio of cannabis consumer packaged goods brands, including &Shine, Beboe, Dogwalkers, Doctor Solomon’s, Good Green, incredibles, and RYTHM.

Tabcorp is essentially a pure-play Australian wagering operator, with exclusive rights to physical wagering at venues (pubs, clubs, and racecourses) and also a digital offering. Tabcorp operates through principally through two segments: wagering and media and gaming services. The firm conducts wagering activities under the TAB brand both online and physically in every Australian state and territory other than Western Australia, reaching 90% of the population through a network of retail venues. In addition, Integrity Services provides services to electronic gaming machine venues.

Playtech PLC specializes in gambling software for various online gambling networks that include online casinos, online bingo, mobile gaming, and online sports betting. The company's open platform software allows customers to build and market casino games that include blackjack, baccarat, slots, and roulette. The company's business segments are gaming B2B and B2C - Snaitech, B2C - Sun Bingo and Other B2C, and B2C - HAPPYBET. The company generates majority of its revenue from B2B segment. It generates majority of revenue from Italy.

Heiwa Corp is a gambling company involved in the manufacturing and sales of pachinko and pachislot machines. The company operates in two business segments: game machines and golf. The game machine business develops pachinko machines, a gambling device with pinball-like characteristics, which are sold to pachinko parlors throughout Japan. Pachinko parlors allow users to purchase small steel balls, which are utilized in pachinko machines under the objective of winning more balls, which can then be exchanged for prizes. Pachislot machines, which are a similar gambling device with characteristics of pachinko and slot machines, are developed in a similar manner. The company's golf segment operates a number of golf courses in Japan Heiwa generates the vast majority of its revenue in Japan.

Betsson AB is a holding company that invests in and manages companies operating in the online gaming industry. The products consist of casino and sports betting. The main category of the casino is slots, or virtual slot machines, followed by the live casino, which provides the player with a virtual, real-life-like casino experience with table games broadcast live from the game provider's studio. Company's brands include either the entire product portfolio, such as Betsson, Betsafe, and Nordicbet, or just one product, such as Racebets (betting on horses) and Jalla Casino (casino). The brands’ services are offered through the proprietary platform that manages payments, customer information, accounts, transactions and a range of games on offer.

Cronos Group Inc headquartered in Toronto, Canada, cultivates and sells medicinal and recreational cannabis through its medicinal brand, Peace Naturals, and its two recreational brands, Cove and Spinach. Although it primarily operates in Canada, Cronos exports medical cannabis primarily to Israel. In the U.S., the company has an option to acquire 5.9% of U.S. multistate operator PharmaCann on a fully diluted basis upon easing of federal prohibition.

Tsuburaya Fields Holdings Inc formelry, Field Corp is a Japanese company which primarily develops and distributes gaming machines. The company designs, develops, sells, and maintains Pachinko and Pachislot gaming machines and software. In addition to its core gaming machine business, the company produces, licenses, and merchandises comics, movies, and interactive media content. Field Corp organises itself into four segments: comics, animation, movies/TV, and merchandising. The company is headquartered in Japan and generates all revenue domestically.

ZEAL Network SE is an e-commerce group of companies company specializing in the area of online lottery. The company offers consumer-facing lottery-based games as well as business-to-business solutions. The operating business segments are Germany and Other. The ZEAL group now has more than one million active customers. ZEAL allows the participation in state-licensed lotteries via the LOTTO24 and Tipp24 brands and also offers its own lottery products. ZEAL operates under its owns brands namely ZEAL Instant Games, ZEAL Ventures and ZEAL Iberia.

Accel Entertainment Inc is a distributed gaming and local entertainment operator in the United States. It is engaged in the installation, maintenance, operation, and servicing of gaming terminals and related equipment, redemption devices that disburse winnings and contain automated teller machine (ATM) functionality, and amusement devices in authorized non-casino locations such as restaurants, bars, taverns, convenience stores, liquor stores, truck stops, and grocery stores. The Company also operates stand-alone ATMs in gaming and non-gaming locations. It generates revenue from Net gaming, Amusement, Manufacturing, ATM fees, and others.

Playtika is an Israeli mobile games developer and publisher headquartered in Herzliya and listed on Nasdaq under the ticker PLTK. Its free-to-play titles include Bingo Blitz, Slotomania, House of Fun, Caesars Slots, June's Journey, Solitaire Grand Harvest, Best Fiends, Board Kings, Pirate Kings, Redecor and World Series of Poker, and it earns revenue from players' purchases of virtual currency and items. Founded in 2010 by Robert Antokol and Uri Shahak around social casino games, it was bought by Caesars Entertainment in 2011 and in 2016 was sold to a Chinese consortium led by Shi Yuzhu's Giant at a $4.4 billion valuation. It then diversified into casual games through acquisitions including Jelly Button (2017), Wooga (2018), Seriously (2019), JustPlay.LOL (2022), Youda Games and Innplay Labs (2023) and SuperPlay (2024). Playtika completed its initial public offering in January 2021 at $27 per share. For 2025 it reported revenue of $2,755.4 million and adjusted EBITDA of $753.2 million, with casual games generating 70.8% of revenue and Bingo Blitz and Slotomania about 35%; average daily paying users rose to 370,000.

Tokyotokeiba Co Ltd is a gambling company primarily engaged in horse racing. The company has four major business segments: public competition, amusement park, warehouse leasing, and service. The public competition segment operates horse and auto race tracks. The amusement park segment operates Tokyo Summerland. The warehouse leasing segment leases logistics warehouses, and the service segment leases commercial facilities. The company generates the vast majority of its revenue in Japan.

Acceler8 Ventures PLC is an acquisition company. The company has actively pursued its strategy through the sourcing and assessment of acquisition and investment opportunities across gaming, media and entertainment, software and technology, industrials, and business services sectors.

Cannae Holdings Inc is a holding company that manages and operates a group of companies and investments. The company's reportable segments are Restaurant Group, Dun & Bradstreet, Alight, BKFC, Corporate and Other. Majority of the company's revenue is generated from its Restaurant Group segment which represents the operations of O'Charley's and Ninety Nine Restaurants.

Glass House Brands Inc is an integrated cannabis company that operates exclusively in the state of California. Its portfolio of brands includes Glass House Farms, Forbidden Flowers, and Mama Sue Wellness. It cultivates, manufactures, and distributes cannabis bulk flower and trim to wholesalers and consumer packaged goods to third-party retail stores. It also owns and operates retail cannabis stores in the state of California. It has three reportable segments: Retail, Wholesale Biomass, and Cannabis-related consumer packaged goods. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Wholesale Biomass segment.

Better Collective AS is a developer of educational platforms within the iGaming industry. The company's segment includes Publishing, Paid Media and Esports. It generates maximum revenue from the Publishing segment. The publishing business segment includes revenue from Collective's proprietary online platforms and media partnerships, where online traffic comes either directly or through organic search results.

DigiPlus Interactive Corp is engaged in the business of leisure. The company operates in four segments: The network and license segment’s primary activity is the licensing of operators engaged in interactive gaming, as well as the establishment and setup of all the gaming infrastructures required in connection with the development, operation, and conduct of internet server, telecommunication network, gaming enterprises, and other systems facilities. The casino group is involved in arcade leasing. The retail segment which generates key revenue consists of venues providing amusements and recreation facilities. The property segment includes integrated resort operators and investment.

Vireo Growth Inc is a cannabis company whose mission is to provide safe access, quality products, and value to its customers while supporting its local communities through active participation and restorative justice programs. The company's operating results in one business segment: the cultivation, production, and sale of cannabis.

Tilray is a Canadian producer that cultivates and sells medical and recreational cannabis. In 2021, legacy Aphria acquired legacy Tilray in a reverse merger and renamed itself Tilray. The bulk of its sales are in Canada and in the international medical cannabis export market. US exposure comes mainly from alcohol.

Rank Group (The) PLC is a gambling company with five primary business segments: Grosvenor Venues, Mecca Venues, Digital, Enracha Venues, and Corporate Costs. Its highest revenue producer is Grosvenor Casinos, a multichannel casino operator in the United Kingdom, which operates a variety of casino and slot machine games. Mecca offers bingo, gaming machines, great value food and drink, and live entertainment. Enracha is Rank’s community gaming business for the Spanish market. Rank's digital business segment includes Mecca and Grosvenor for the UK market and Yo for the Spanish market, and also operates over 80 UK digital-only brands via its proprietary technology platform and third-party platforms. Geographically, the company generates the majority of its revenue in the United Kingdom.

Codere Online Luxembourg SA is an international online casino gaming and online sports betting group focused on providing its customers with a safe and enjoyable online gaming experience. It currently operates in Spain, Mexico, Colombia, and Other countries. where it offers its users the ability to play online casino games and bet on sports events. Online casino offerings include the full portfolio of games typically available in land-based casinos, gaming halls and gambling establishments, such as slot machines, table games, and bingo. Online sports betting involves a user placing a wager on an event at some fixed odds determined by Codere Online. The company derives maximum revenue from Mexico.

Verano Holdings Corp is a vertically integrated multi-state cannabis operator in the United States. The Company has two reportable segments: (i) cultivation (wholesale) and (ii) retail. The company's consumer brands include Encore, Avexia, MUV, Savvy, BITS and Verano. The company's retail dispensaries operate under brands including Zen Leaf and MUV. The company derives its revenues from Retail segment.

Kambi Group PLC is a Malta-based company engaged in the provision of managed sports betting services. It is a business-to-business provider of sports betting services to licensed gaming operators. Its services encompass a broad offering from the front-end user interface through to odds compiling, customer intelligence, and risk management, built on in-house developed software. Kambi has offices in the United States, Sweden, the Philippines, Malta, Denmark, Romania, the United Kingdom, and Australia. Geographically, the majority of its revenue is generated from the Americas. The majority of revenue is from contracts with customers for sports betting services.

Sports Toto Bhd is an investment holding entity that provides management services to its subsidiaries. It is principally engaged in the operations of Toto betting. The company is also involved in other businesses which includes motor retailing, repair and maintenance, and provision of aftersales and insurance services. Its reportable segments are: (i) Toto betting; (ii) Motor vehicle dealership; and (iii) Others, which cover property investment and development, the development and distribution of computerized wagering and voting systems with software support, hotel operations, and sanitary landfill management. Revenue is predominantly generated from lottery sales and luxury motor sales. Geographically, it operates mainly in Malaysia and the United Kingdom.

Canopy Growth Corp, cultivates and sells medicinal and recreational cannabis and hemp through a portfolio of brands that include Doja, LivRelief, Ace Valley, Deep Space, and others. The Company is engaged in reportable segments namely: Canada cannabis, International markets cannabis, Storz & Bickel, and This Works. The company generates maximum revenue from Canadian cannabis.

Winvia Entertainment PLC is a proprietary technology-led business in the prize draw and skill games sector and online gaming market. The company's three operating segments are: Prize Draw Competitions, Online Gaming and Corporate. The majority of revenue is derived from the Online Gaming segment. Geographically, the maximum revenue is generated from Romania, followed by the United Kingdom, and the rest of the World.

SNDL Inc is a private-sector liquor and cannabis retailer in Canada with retail banners that include Ace Liquor, Wine and Beyond, Liquor Depot, Value Buds, and Spiritleaf. The principal activities of the company are the retailing of wines, beers, and spirits. It comprised four reportable segments: liquor retail, cannabis retail, cannabis operations, and investments. Liquor retail includes the sale of wines, beers, and spirits through owned liquor stores. The company generates maximum revenue from liquor retail.