Cannae Holdings Valuation Multiples

McDonald’s is the world’s largest restaurant brand, with nearly $131 billion in systemwide sales across more than 44,000 restaurants and over 100 markets. The quick-service chain built its early reputation on speed, consistency, and affordable hamburgers, and today its global menu spans burgers, chicken, breakfast, and beverages that have helped popularize American fast-food cuisine worldwide. The firm derives the bulk of its revenue from franchise royalties and rent (about 61%), with the remainder stemming from company-operated restaurants across three segments: the United States (41% of systemwide sales), international operated markets (34%), and international developmental/licensed markets (25%).

Altria comprises Philip Morris USA, US Smokeless Tobacco, John Middleton, Horizon Innovations, and Helix Innovations. Through its tobacco subsidiaries, Altria maintains the leading position in cigarettes and smokeless tobacco in the United States and the number-two spot in machine-made cigars. The company's Marlboro brand is the leading cigarette brand in the US with 42% annual share in 2024. Beyond its core business, it holds an 8% interest in the world's largest brewer, Anheuser-Busch InBev and a 41% stake in cannabis manufacturer Cronos. It also acquired vaping company Njoy Holdings in 2023 and operates a joint venture with Japan Tobacco in the heated tobacco category for the US.

Starbucks stands out as the world's biggest and most recognizable coffee brand, powered by ultracustomizable beverages in-store and a sweeping footprint of nearly 41,000 cafes in over 80 countries. About 52% are company-operated, with the balance run by licensees. The company operates roasteries and sells across its North America (74% of revenue as of the end of fiscal 2025), international (21%), and channel development (5%) segments. The brand collects revenue from company-operated stores, licensee royalties, equipment and product sales, retail ready-to-drink beverages, and packaged coffee.

Compass Group is the largest foodservice company globally, operating in 30 countries and generating annual sales exceeding $30 billion. Compass' model is to operate on-premises catering facilities, rather than centralized industrial kitchens. Foodservice is Compass' focus and contributes more than 85% of revenue. Compass also has its own group purchasing organization, Foodbuy, which is responsible for over $30 billion in annual spending in the US. The company also provides premium support services to clients.

As of the end of 2024, Yum Brands generated over $65 billion in systemwide sales from more than 61,000 restaurants across 155 markets, making it the world’s second-largest restaurant firm by dollar sales. Its portfolio includes KFC (31,981 stores), Pizza Hut (20,225), Taco Bell (8,757), and Habit Burger (383), with 70% of locations in international markets. As 98% of its portfolio is franchised, Yum’s business model is tilted toward recurring franchise royalties and marketing contributions (66% of revenue), with the balance derived from sales at company-owned locations. The company traces its roots to a 1997 spinoff of PepsiCo’s restaurant assets.

Chipotle is a leading fast-casual, Mexican-inspired restaurant chain, generating $11.3 billion in sales across 3,644 company-operated US locations, 82 international units primarily in Canada and Europe, and three licensed stores operated with Alshaya Group in the Middle East at the end of 2024. The firm’s revenue is primarily driven by food and beverage sales at its company-owned restaurants, supplemented by delivery fees generated through its first-party digital channels. Chipotle emphasizes ingredients with no artificial flavors and utilizes an efficient, assembly-line service model to serve mainly customizable burritos, bowls, salads, quesadillas, and tacos.

Restaurant Brands generates about $44 billion in system sales across more than 32,000 restaurants in over 120 markets, making it one of the largest restaurant companies globally. Its banners include Burger King (7,082 stores), Tim Hortons (4,539), Popeyes (3,520), and Firehouse Subs (1,345), concentrated in the US and Canada, with these brands also comprising 15,639 franchised international locations as of year-end 2024. The firm primarily earns revenue from franchise and property fees, supply chain sales within the Tim Hortons segment, company-operated restaurants, and advertising royalties.

Restaurant Brands International LP is a Canada-based firm. It owns, operates and franchises quick-service restaurants and possesses market recognition. The company has five segments Tim Hortons (TH), Burger King (BK), Popeyes Louisiana Kitchen (PLK), Firehouse Subs( FHS), Restaurant Holdings (RH) and International (INTL). It derives maximum profit from the Tim Hortons segment.

Constellation Brands is the largest provider of alcoholic beverages across the beer, wine, and spirits categories in the US, generating 84% of revenue from Mexican beer imports under top-selling brands such as Modelo and Corona. The rest of the business includes some remaining wine and spirits brands, categories where the company has pruned assets in recent years. With its exclusive rights tied to the Mexican beer brands, effective only in the US, the firm has limited revenue exposure to international markets. Constellation owns a 10% stake in Canopy Growth, a medicinal and recreational cannabis producer in Canada, and has a 50/50 joint venture with glass manufacturer Owens-Illinois in Mexico.

Darden Restaurants is the largest restaurant operator in the US full-service space, with consolidated revenue of $12.1 billion in fiscal 2025. The company maintains a portfolio of 11 restaurant brands: Olive Garden, LongHorn Steakhouse, Cheddar’s Scratch Kitchen, Ruth's Chris Steak House, Yard House, The Capital Grille, Seasons 52, Eddie V’s, Bahama Breeze, The Capital Burger, and Chuy's. Darden generates revenue almost exclusively from company-owned restaurants, though a small network of franchised restaurants and consumer-packaged goods sales through the traditional grocery channel contribute modestly. At the end of fiscal 2025, the company operated 2,159 restaurants in the US.

Aristocrat Leisure is an electronic gaming machine manufacturer that sells machines to pubs, clubs, and casinos. The firm is licensed in all Australian states and territories, North American jurisdictions, and essentially every major country. Aristocrat is one of the top three largest players in the space along with International Game Technology and Light & Wonder. Through acquisitions of Plarium and more recently Big Fish, Aristocrat now derives a significant proportion of earnings from the faster growing mobile gaming business.

In 2016, Irish company Paddy Power merged with UK firm Betfair to form online gaming operator Flutter Entertainment. Today, Flutter has the top digital revenue share in the US, UK and Ireland, Australia, Italy, and many other countries. Some of its leading brands are FanDuel in the US, Sky Betting & Gaming and Paddy Power in the UK and Ireland, Sportsbet (acquired by Paddy Power beginning in 2009) in Australia, and Sisal in Italy. As of Dec. 31, 2024, the company offered products in over 100 countries and had 13.9 million average monthly users. In 2024, sports betting was 56% of revenue, online gaming 40%, and fantasy sports, horse racing, and other 4%. The company is scheduled to launch a predictive sports betting platform in late 2025.

Yum China is the largest restaurant operator in China, with over 18,000 locations and USD 12 billion in systemwide sales as of 2025. It generates revenue primarily from its own restaurants and franchise fees. While KFC and Pizza Hut are its flagship brands, Yum China's portfolio also includes Little Sheep, Taco Bell, Huang Ji Huang, and Lavazza. As a trademark licensee of Yum Brands, Yum China pays 3% of KFC and Pizza Hut's systemwide sales to its former parent, from which it spun off in 2016. However, even before the separation, Yum China was granted substantial autonomy, giving its Chinese leadership decision-making authority over menu, supply chain, and marketing—an unusual practice for Western chains at the time.

Evolution AB is a B2B provider of live and slots casino systems. The Company develops, produces, markets, and licenses fully integrated online casino systems to gaming operators. The company provides business-to-business solutions, which it develops and produces for gaming operators. Evolution's primary product, Live Casino, allows a human dealer to run a real-time casino table, which is then streamed to digital devices. Players can then place bets on desktops, smartphones, and tablets and communicate with the dealer through Evolution's software. The company's services are licensed to casino operators. The company generates the vast majority of its revenue from Asia.

DraftKings got its start in 2012 as an innovator in daily fantasy sports. Then, following a Supreme Court ruling in 2018 that allowed states to legalize online sports wagering, the company expanded into online sports and casino gambling, where it generally holds the number-two or -three revenue share position across states where it competes. DraftKings is now live with online or retail sports betting in 28 states and i-gaming in 5 states, with both products available to around 40% of Canada's population. In 2024, sports revenue was 61% of total sales, i-gaming 32%, and fantasy and lottery 7%. The company plans to launch a predictive event platform in late 2025 and also operates a non-fungible token commission-based marketplace and develops and licenses online gaming products.

Allwyn AG, formerly known as OPAP Holding SA, is a gambling company that operates lotteries and sports betting, including horse races. The company is the exclusive gambling provider in Greece. The firm is organized into segments based on the type of game: Lotteries, Betting, Online betting, Other online games, Instant and Passives, VLTs, Telecommunication and eMoney services. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Lotteries segment. The gaming services are provided either online or through physical retailers. The company generates the vast majority of its revenue in Greece.

Texas Roadhouse Inc is a restaurant company operating predominantly in the casual dining segment. The company manages its restaurant and franchising operations by concept and, as a result, has identified Texas Roadhouse, Bubba’s 33, Jaggers, and retail initiatives as separate operating segments. In addition, it has identified Texas Roadhouse and Bubba's 33 as reportable segments. Maximum revenue for the company is generated from the Texas Roadhouse segment, which is a moderately priced, full-service, casual dining restaurant concept offering steaks, a selection of ribs, seafood, chicken, pork chops, pulled pork, vegetable plates, and an assortment of hamburgers, salads, and sandwiches.

Domino's is the world's largest pizza chain, surpassing $19 billion in system sales with over 21,300 stores across more than 90 markets at the end of 2024. Around 33% of its units are in the US. The business is 99% franchised. Domino's operates through three segments: supply chain (60% of revenue), US stores (33%), and international franchises (7%). The firm generates the bulk of its revenue by supplying food to stores in the US and Canada through a vertically integrated network of 25 manufacturing and supply chain facilities, which primarily produce and distribute dough, and collecting brand royalties and marketing fees from franchisees. Domino's also generates revenue from sales at company-owned stores.

Chart Industries provides a variety of cryogenic equipment for storage, distribution, and other processes within the industrial gas and liquefied natural gas industries. It also provides natural gas processing solutions for the natural gas industry and specialty products that serve a variety of spaces, including hydrogen, biofuels, cannabis, and water treatment. The firm acquired Howden in a significant deal in early 2023, roughly doubling the size of the company. It plans to merge with Flowserve by the end of 2025.

Indian Hotels Co Ltd is an owner and operator of hotels and resorts, domiciled in India. The company operates its hotels and resorts under the Taj, Vivanta, Ginger, Seleqtions, and other brands. Indian Hotels reports revenue across the following business lines: room income; food, restaurants, and banquet income; membership fees; management and operating fees; and others. Room income contributes a majority to the company's revenue, followed by food, restaurants, and banquet income. Indian Hotels derives the majority of its revenue domestically.

Luckin Coffee Inc is a China based company engaged in operation of coffee stores. It sources its Arabica coffee beans from various suppliers and engage World Barista Champion teams to design its coffee recipes. The company also has partnered with suppliers for other products such as juices and light meals.

Haidilao, founded in Sichuan in 1998, is a prominent Chinese hot pot restaurant operator. Following the spinoff of its international unit Super Hi, Haidilao now focuses solely on managing restaurants in Greater China.By the end of 2024, the chain operated over 1,300 stores in Greater China, generating more than CNY 40 billion in systemwide sales, making it one of the largest restaurant operators in China. The majority of its restaurants are company-owned, with only a small fraction franchised.

Cava Group Inc owns and operates a chain of restaurants. It operates a Mediterranean-inspired fast-casual restaurant brand offering menu items. The company's dips, spreads, and dressings are centrally produced and sold in grocery stores. The company's operations are conducted as two reportable segments: i) CAVA: It includes the operations of all company-owned CAVA restaurants, and ii) CAVA Foods: It includes the production of dips, spreads, and certain dressing bases used in CAVA restaurants as well as sales from the Company's consumer packaged goods business. The company generates the majority of its revenue from the CAVA segment.

The Lottery Corporation is Australia's largest provider of lottery, keno, and instant-scratch products, with long-dated and/or exclusive licenses for the lottery in all Australian states and territories except Western Australia, and in most states and territories for keno. Lottery Corp has a distribution network of more than 3,800 franchised retailers that sell instant-scratch and lottery products through vendors such as newsstands, gas stations, pharmacies, and convenience stores, as well as online sales. Keno is sold in over 3,400 bars and clubs.

Dutch Bros Inc is an operator and franchisor of drive-thru coffee shops that are focused on serving hand-crafted beverages. The company's hand-crafted beverage-focused lineup features hot and cold espresso-based beverages, cold brew coffee products, proprietary energy drinks, tea, lemonade, smoothies, and other beverages. The company has two reportable operating segments Company-operated shops and Franchising. It derives maximum revenue from Company-operated shops.

Zensho Holdings Co Ltd is a Japan-based company engaged management of food service chain restaurants and the development of sales systems and food processing systems. It operates a wide range of food-related businesses through segments including Global Sukiya, Global Hama Sushi, Global Fast Food, Restaurant, and Retail. The group manages the domestic and international expansion of the beef bowl chain Sukiya and the sushi chain Hamazushi, develops various fast-food businesses, operates restaurants in Japan and overseas, and manages supermarkets and related retail operations.

Food & Life Companies Ltd owns and operates a revolving sushi-style restaurant chain. The company operates under the Sushiro brand. It has operations in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Thailand.

Guming Holdings Ltd is a company in China. It operates under a franchise model under the Good Me brand. The Good Me stores offer three categories of beverages: Fruit tea beverages, Milk tea beverages, Coffee beverages, and others. It is principally engaged in the operation of a franchised retail network and the trading of ingredients and other related products of freshly-made beverages and equipment.

Lottomatica Group SpA is an operator on the gaming market authorized by the Customs and Monopolies Agency. The group operates in various sectors namely Online (sports betting and online games); Betting (sports bets and games on a physical network); Gaming (AWP and VLT entertainment machines, direct management of gaming halls and proprietary AWPs) and d VLT (video lottery terminals) entertainment device networks and management of owned gaming halls and AWPs (Gaming Franchise).

Super Group (SGHC) Ltd is a holding company that operates online sports betting and gaming businesses. The company's reportable segments are Betway, Spin, and Other. A majority of its revenue is generated from the Betway segment, which is a single-brand online sports betting and casino offering with licenses to operate throughout Europe, the Americas, and Africa. Spin is the company's multi-brand online casino offering, having a diverse portfolio of casino brands such as Jackpot City, Spin Casino, Dream Bingo, Mirror Bingo, etc., designed to be culturally relevant globally while aiming to offer a wide range of casino products. Geographically, the company generates maximum revenue from Africa and Middle East, followed by North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and South/Latin America.

McDonald's Holdings Co (Japan) Ltd has a license to operate McDonald’s fast-food restaurants in Japan. It is engaged in the operation and management of hamburger restaurant chains under the McDonald’s brand. The company pays royalties for licensed rights and, in Japan, provides sub-licenses for its know-how and trademarks to franchisees operating its franchise restaurants, from whom it earns royalty income.

Light & Wonder is principally an electronic gaming machine manufacturer, selling machines to pubs, clubs, and casinos. The firm is licensed in most jurisdictions allowing gambling globally. Light & Wonder is one of the three largest players in the space along with International Game Technology and Aristocrat Leisure. SciPlay, about one fourth of revenue, develops and distributes casual mobile games, principally in the social casino niche. The more nascent iGaming business sits between these two businesses, providing digital content and capabilities to real-money gaming providers.

Churchill Downs Inc is a gaming entertainment, online wagering, and racing company. It operates through three business segments: Live and Historical Racing, Wagering Services, and Gaming. The Live and Historical Racing segment includes live and historical pari-mutuel racing. The Wagering Services segment includes the revenue and expenses from pari-mutuel wagers through TwinSpires, companies retail and online sports betting business and Gaming segment includes revenue and expenses for the casino properties and associated racetracks that support the casino license. The Gaming segment generates revenue and expenses from slot machines, video lottery terminals, video poker, HRMs, ancillary food and beverage services, hotel services, commission on pari-mutuel wagering, and racing events.

OPAP Holding SA, formerly known as Greek Organisation of Football Prognostics SA, is a gambling company that operates lotteries and sports betting, including horse races. The company is the exclusive gambling provider in Greece. The firm is organized into segments based on the type of game: Lotteries, Betting, Online betting, other online games, instant and passive, Vlts, Telecom and emoney services and others. The gaming services are provided either online or through physical retailers. The company generates the vast majority of its revenue in Greece.

Brinker International Inc operates casual dining restaurants under the brand's Chili Grill and Bar (Chili's) and Maggiano's Little Italy (Maggiano's). Chili's falls in the Bar and Grill category of casual dining. Its menu features Fresh Mex and Fresh Tex favorites including signature items such as slow-smoked baby back ribs, craft burgers, fajitas, and bottomless chips and salsa paired with tableside guacamole. Maggiano's is an Italian restaurant brand with a full lunch and dinner menu offering chef-prepared, such as appetizers, chicken, seafood, veal and prime steaks, and desserts. The company generates maximum revenue from Chili's segment.

FDJ United is engaged in Offline and online lottery games and sports betting. Its lottery games include draw games and instant games. Its lottery offers in France include prize draws such as Loto and Euromillions, as well as Illiko instant games. Also through its subsidiaries it has diversified with the roll-out of a French payment and collection service under the Nirio brand name.

Entain PLC is a sports betting and gaming company operating online and in the retail sector. It has five segments; UK&I: which comprises betting, gaming, and retail activities from online and mobile operations, and activities in the shop estates within Great Britain, Northern Ireland, Jersey, and the Republic of Ireland; International: which comprises betting, gaming, and retail activities in the shop estates in the rest of the world apart from UK&I and CEE; CEE: comprises betting, gaming and retail activities in Croatia and Poland for brands SuperSport and STS; Corporate: includes costs associated with Group functions including Group executive, legal, Group finance, U.S. joint venture, tax, and treasury; New Opportunities: Reflects the now closed B2C offering under the unikrn brand.

Americana Restaurants International PLC is a diversified, pan-regional restaurant platform operator. It operates iconic brands such as KFC, Pizza Hut, Hardee's, Krispy Kreme, and TGI Fridays, along with proprietary brands such as Wimpy and Chicken Tikka. The company operates restaurants under a portfolio of different brands across key consumer verticals and occasions, including key Quick Service Restaurant categories (chicken, burger, and pizza), fast casual, casual dining, indulgence, and coffee concepts. Its reportable business segments are: the main Gulf Cooperation Council countries, which include KSA, Kuwait, and UAE, Lower Gulf countries (comprising Qatar, Oman, and Bahrain), North Africa (Egypt and Morocco), and Others (Kazakhstan, Iraq, Lebanon, and Jordan).

Wingstop is a fast casual restaurant concept built around a simple chicken-centric menu. The firm primarily offers bone-in and boneless wings, tenders, and a chicken sandwich, customizable across 12 flavors. The banner generated $4.8 billion in system sales in 2024 across 2,563 units, with 86% located in the US. Wingstop largely operates as a franchisor, with 98% of units franchised, and earns revenue largely from collecting royalties and advertising fees paid by franchisees, with a smaller contribution from company-owned restaurant sales.

Sportradar Group AG is a technology platform enabling next-generation engagement in sports, and a provider of B2B solutions to the sports betting industry. It generates revenue through two primary sources: subscription-based revenue and revenue sharing. Geographically, it operates in North America, Africa, AsiaPac & Middle East, Europe, and LATAM & Caribbean.

Skylark Holdings Co Ltd is engaged in the restaurant business through its group of brands, including Gusto, Bamiyan, Shabu-Yo, Jonathan’s, Yumean, Steak Gusto, and Sukesan. The company operates a single reportable segment, the Restaurant Business, which provides table service to general consumers through various restaurant formats. The business involves sourcing, cooking, and delivering ingredients to stores, maintaining similar economic characteristics across its operations.

An investment in wide-moat-rated Endeavour Group provides investors with exposure to one of the most well entrenched dividend-paying businesses in the Australian retail landscape. Following decades of enduring organic growth through store rollouts, Endeavour's off-premises retail segment—with more than 1,700 retail outlets mainly across its Dan Murphy's and BWS brands—accounts for approximately half of all off-premises retail liquor sales within Australia. Endeavour's immense scale in the off-premises retail segment is unrivalled within Australia. Indeed, Endeavour's sales are almost three times larger than its nearest retail competitor, Coles.

Scotts Miracle-Gro is the largest purveyor of home lawn and gardening products in the US. The company sells a broad range of lawncare products, including grass seed, fertilizer, and lawn-related weed, animal, and disease control. US consumer typically generates the vast majority of companywide revenue and profits. Its lawncare and gardening products are well-recognized brands in the US, including Scotts, Miracle-Gro, Roundup, Ortho, and Tomcat.

The Cheesecake Factory Inc is a restaurant company that owns and operates multiple casual dining brands across the United States and Canada under brands that include The Cheesecake Factory, North Italia, Flower Child, and additional brands within its Fox Restaurant Concepts portfolio. The company's international presence, in the Middle East and Mexico, is through licensing agreements with third parties. The company also has a bakery division that produces cheesecakes and other baked products for sale in its restaurants, international licensees, and third-party bakery customers. The company has four operating business segments: The Cheesecake Factory restaurants, North Italia, Other FRC, and Other. The majority of the company's revenue comes from the Cheesecake Factory restaurants segment.

Curaleaf is headquartered in Wakefield, Massachusetts, and cultivates and sells medicinal and recreational cannabis in the US. The company has operations in 17 states. Its brands include Curaleaf, Select, and Grassroots. The company has made acquisitions that give it exposure to the growing European market, a unique feature among US multistate operators.

Sega Sammy Holdings was established as a holding company in 2004, when video game developer Sega and pachislot and pachinko vendor Sammy merged. The company currently derives majority of its sales revenue from entertainment content and its pachislot and pachinko machine business, which contributed 75% and 23% of total revenue in fiscal 2024, respectively.

Jubilant Foodworks Ltd with its subsidiaries, operates as a food service company. It develops and operates quick services restaurants under the Domino’s Pizza, Dunkin’ Donuts, Hong’s Kitchen, Popeyes, and COFFY brand names in India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Georgia.

Rush Street Interactive Inc is an online gaming and entertainment company that focuses on online casinos and online sports betting in the U.S. and Latin American markets. It provides customers with an array of gaming offerings such as real-money online casinos, online sports betting, and retail sports betting, as well as social gaming, which involves free-to-play games that use virtual credits that can be earned or purchased. The company generates revenue by offering online casinos, online sports betting, and social gaming directly to the end customer through its websites or apps. The company generates revenue through business-to-consumer (B2C) and business-to-business (B2B) models.