Gaucho Group Holdings Valuation Multiples

LVMH is a global producer and distributor of luxury goods. It operates six segments: fashion and leather goods, its largest and most profitable; watches and jewelry; wines and spirits; perfumes and cosmetics; selective retailing (including Sephora and airport duty-free retailer DFS); and other. Higher-profile brands include Louis Vuitton, Bulgari, Fendi, Givenchy, Tag Heuer, Hennessy, Moet & Chandon, Glenmorangie, Sephora, and Benefit. LVMH operates more than 5,000 stores around the globe.

Hermes is a 180-year-old family controlled luxury goods company best known for its Birkin and Kelly bags. Its biggest segments are leather goods and saddlery, accounting for over 40% of revenue; clothes and accessories (29% of sales); silk and textiles (7%); and other products such as perfumes, watches, jewellery, and home furnishings. Hermes has about 300 stores globally.

Richemont is a luxury goods conglomerate with 20 brands. Jewelry and watch brands make up 87% of sales, but the group is also active in accessories, writing instruments, clothing, and online luxury retail. Richemont’s Jewellery Maisons, including Cartier and Van Cleef & Arpels, account for over 70% of revenue and the vast majority of profits. Its other brands include Vacheron Constantin, Piaget, Jaeger-LeCoultre, IWC Schaffhausen, Lange & Soehne, Officine Panerai, Chloe, and Montblanc.

Marriott operates 1.8 million rooms across roughly 30 brands. At the end of 2025, luxury represented roughly 10% of total rooms, premium was 42%, select service was 46%, and midscale was 2%. Marriott, Courtyard, and Sheraton are the largest brands, while Autograph, Tribute, Moxy, Aloft, and Element are newer lifestyle brands. Managed and franchised represented 99% of total rooms as of Dec. 31, 2025. North America makes up 61% of total rooms. Managed, franchise, and incentive fees represent the vast majority of revenue and profitability for the company.

Christian Dior SE is a holding company with full ownership of Christian Dior Couture and a controlling interest in LVMH. Christian Dior Couture sells apparel, leather goods, jewelry, and accessories under various Dior brands. The majority of sales are through its retail stores. Through LVMH, the company operates the following business groups: wines and spirits, fashion and leather goods, watches and jewelry, perfumes and cosmetics, and selective retailing. LVMH has dozens of brands throughout its businesses, including Dom Perignon, Hennessy, Louis Vuitton, Fendi, TAG Heuer, and Sephora. The company's revenue is distributed throughout Europe, Asia, and the United States.

Hilton Worldwide Holdings operates 1.35 million rooms across its 25 brands, serving the premium economy through luxury segments. Hampton and Hilton are the two largest brands, representing 27% and 18%, respectively, of the company’s total rooms, as of Dec. 31, 2025. Recent brands launched over the past few years include Home2, Curio, Canopy, Spark, Tru, Tempo, LivSmart, and Outset. Additionally, there is a partnership with Small Luxury Hotels of the World and acquisitions of NoMad and Graduate Hotels. Managed and franchised hotels represent the vast majority of adjusted EBITDA, predominantly from the Americas.

Ferrari designs, engineers, and manufactures some of the world's most expensive luxury cars. With supply carefully controlled to be below demand and a brand steeped in decades of motor racing history, a Ferrari is viewed as a status symbol. In 2025, the company sold 13,640 vehicles at an average price over EUR 500,000 with more than 80% of its vehicles being sold to existing Ferrari clients. Eighty-four percent of revenue is generated from the sale of cars and spare parts and 10% from sponsorship, commercial, and brand activities including racing and lifestyle activities. In 2025, the Europe, Middle East, and Africa region accounted for 49% of revenue, the Americas was 32%, mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan was 7%, and the rest of Asia was 12%.

Vingroup JSC is a Vietnam-based company engaged in construction and provides retail outlets, commercial offices for lease, residential units for lease and sale. It also carries out investment activities, to provide the management service and to conduct other businesses. The company operates through the segments of Sale of inventory properties, Leasing investment properties and related services, Hospitality, entertainment and other services, Health care and related services, Education services, Retail services, Manufacturing activities, and Others. The company generates the majority of its revenue from Sale of inventory properties including developing and trading apartments and villas at real estate projects of the group.

Porsche designs, engineers, and manufactures premium cars synonymous with its racing history heritage, engineering mastery, sporty design, and driving experience. Porsche is uniquely positioned in that its brand is associated with luxury, but it produces cars on a much larger scale than its superluxury peers. Porsche sold 311,000 vehicles in 2024 at an average price of EUR 129,000. Europe, North America, mainland China including Hong Kong, and the rest of the world accounted for 36%, 28%, 18%, and 18% of volume in 2024, respectively. Ninety-two percent of revenue is generated from the sale of cars and related services, with the remainder from the captive finance arm. Porsche’s equity is tightly held with Volkswagen owning 75.4% and Porsche SE (the Porsche/Piech family) owning 12.5%.

Titan Co Ltd is engaged in the manufacturing and sale of watches, jewellery, eyewear, and other accessories and products. Its operating segments are watches and wearables, jewellery, eyewear, and others. The firm generates a majority of its revenue from jewellery. The company sells its products under various brands such as Fastrack, Skinn, Sonata, Zoop, Nebula, Zoya, Skinn, Tanishq, and others.

Sun Hung Kai Properties Ltd s is a diversified real estate developer in Hong Kong with a core focus on the residential, office, and retail real estate segment. Most of its business is based in Hong Kong where it is a leading private housing developer and holds a portfolio of high-quality retail and office assets for rental income. The company also invests in other listed entities, including telecommunication company, SmarTone and data center provider, SUNeVision. The Kwok family is the controlling shareholder, with a stake of more than 40%.

Goodman Group owns, manages, and develops industrial properties in 13 countries, historically in Australia but increasingly worldwide. Around half of its operating earnings come from development, a third from management, and the rest from property investment. Most developments are undertaken on behalf of third parties or fund investors. Goodman earns fees in return for development management services. Completed projects are either sold or reside in one of Goodman’s funds or partnerships. Goodman typically retains ownership stakes in the investment vehicles and continues to manage the sites after completion, collecting investment management base fees, performance fees, property services fees, and a share of rental income.

Samsung C&T Corp is a diversified company. It is engaged in construction, trading, fashion, resort, food & beverages, and biopharmaceutical operations. The Construction division handles domestic and overseas construction projects, the Trading division engages in trading activities, and the Fashion division imports and sells apparel. The Resort division operates Everland, Caribbean Bay, and golf courses, while the Food and Beverages division manages specialty catering and food distribution through Samsung Welstory. The Bio division carries out biopharmaceutical contract manufacturing and biosimilar-related business.

With operations in 126 markets across 36 states, D.R. Horton is the leading homebuilder in the United States. It mainly builds single-family detached homes (87% of home sales revenue) and offers products to entry-level, move-up, luxury buyers, and active adults. The company offers homebuyers mortgage financing and title agency services through its financial services segment. D.R. Horton's headquarters are in Arlington, Texas, and it manages six regional segments across the United States.

Kering is the world’s third-largest luxury goods conglomerate by revenue after LVMH and Richemont. Its flagship brand is Gucci, which accounts for over 40% of revenue and over 60% of operating profit. Its other leading brands include Bottega Veneta and Saint Laurent. Other smaller luxury brands (in ready-to-wear, leather goods, and jewellery) generate 19% of sales. Alexander McQueen, Balenciaga, and Boucheron are part of Kering’s portfolio.

China Resources Land, or CR Land, is a leading real estate developer with nationwide coverage in China. Aside from the core development business, CR Land differentiates itself from peers with a significant investment property portfolio with luxury focused MixC malls, and it holds a 74% stake in listed property management company China Resources Mixc Lifestyle Services. CR Land is a subsidiary of China Resources Holdings, or CR Holdings, a sizable state-owned conglomerate with a diverse presence in the utilities, consumer goods, medical, and property sectors. CR Holdings holds about a 60% stake in CR Land.

Oriental Land is a prominent Japanese company primarily known for its ownership and operation of the Tokyo Disney Resort. It includes two theme parks, Tokyo Disneyland and Tokyo DisneySea, as well as hotels, shopping, and dining facilities. Oriental Land collaborates closely with The Walt Disney Company under a licensing agreement until 2076. This partnership has been instrumental in establishing Tokyo Disney Resort as one of the leading tourist destinations in Japan, attracting millions of visitors annually from domestic and international markets. Beyond its entertainment ventures, Oriental Land has also ventured into real estate development and operates Ikspiari, a retail and entertainment complex adjacent to Tokyo Disneyland.

Las Vegas Sands is the world's largest operator of fully integrated resorts, featuring casino, hotel, entertainment, food and beverage, retail, and convention center operations. The company owns the Venetian Macao, Sands Macao, Londoner Macao, Four Seasons Hotel Macao, and Parisian Macao, as well as the Marina Bay Sands resort in Singapore. We expect Sands to open a fourth tower in Singapore in 2031. Its Venetian and Palazzo Las Vegas assets in the US were sold to Apollo and Vici in 2022. After the sale of its Vegas assets, Sands generates all its EBITDA from Asia, with its casino operations generating the majority of sales.

Mitsubishi Estate is one of the three big Japanese real estate companies. Around two thirds of its operating profit comes from leasing office space in Japan, where half of its portfolio is concentrated in the prime Marunouchi/Otemachi district between Tokyo station and the Imperial Palace. Mitsubishi Estate’s predecessor originally bought this land from the government in 1890, and the company sees itself as steward of the showcase area’s long-term development, rarely if ever selling any properties there.

China State Construction Engineering Corp Ltd is a construction and real estate conglomerate. The company conducts its operations through five segments: Housing Construction segment, Infrastructure Construction and Investment segment, Real Estate Development and Investment segment, Design & Survey segment, and Others segment. It derives the majority of its revenue from the Housing Construction segment. The company's services include product technology research and development, survey and design, real estate development, engineering contracting, equipment manufacturing, asset operation, and property management.

Emaar Properties PJSC is engaged in property investment, development, and development management, shopping malls and retail, hospitality, property management, utility services, and investments in providers of financial services. Its segments are, namely, real estate (develop, sell, and manage condominiums, villas, commercial units and plots of land), leasing, retail and related activities (develop, lease and manage malls, retail, commercial, and residential spaces), and hospitality (develop, own, and/or manage hotels, serviced apartments and leisure activities). It earns revenue from sources other than property sales, leasing, retail and related activities, and hospitality, and this revenue is included in other operating income. The majority of revenue comes from real estate.

Based in New York City, Tapestry is the parent company of accessories and fashion brand Coach, which accounted for 80% of its revenue and well over 90% of its operating profit in fiscal 2025. Handbags accounted for 58% of the brand’s fiscal 2025 revenue. Coach products are sold through more than 900 company-owned stores, e-commerce, and third-party stores in North America, Asia, and Europe. Tapestry also owns Kate Spade (17% of fiscal 2025 revenue), which operates about 170 stores and generated 52% of its sales from handbags in fiscal 2025. Kate Spade is known for its colorful patterns and graphics. Tapestry sold its smallest brand, luxury footwear maker Stuart Weitzman, to Caleres in August 2025.

PulteGroup Inc is a homebuilder in the United States. The company mainly builds single-family detached homes and offers products to entry-level, move-up, and active-adult buyers. It also offers homebuyers mortgage financing, title, and insurance agency services through its financial services segment.

Mitsui Fudosan Co Ltd is a real estate development and management company. The company operates through five segments. The Condominiums segment sells housing to individuals and rental properties to investors. The Rental segment leases office buildings and commercial facilities. The Facility Operations segment covers hotels, resorts, sports, and entertainment. The Management segment handles property management, brokerage, and asset management. The Others segment engages in new construction contracting. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Rental segment.

InterContinental Hotels Group operates 987,000 rooms across 20 brands addressing the midscale through luxury segments, as of Dec. 31, 2024. Holiday Inn and Holiday Inn Express constitute the largest brand, while Hotel Indigo, Even, Hualuxe, Kimpton, and Voco are newer lifestyle brands experiencing strong demand. The company launched a midscale brand, Avid, in 2017 and closed on a 51% stake in Regent Hotels in 2018. It acquired Six Senses in 2019 and launched another midscale brand, Garner, in 2023. Managed and franchised represent 99% of total rooms. As of Dec. 31, 2024, the Americas represented 53% of total rooms, with Greater China accounting for 20% and Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and Africa making up 27%.

Vantage is the tower arm of Vodafone, spun off in 2021. Vantage fully owns 45,000 towers in Germany, Spain, Greece, and other European countries. Vantage also owns stakes in Inwit (22,000 towers, Vantage owns 33% stake), the Italian tower operator resulting from the merger of Vodafone and Telecom Italia’s towers in the region, and Cornerstone (14,000 towers, 50% stake) a tower joint venture in the U.K. with Telefonica.

CK Asset Holdings was the property business arm of the Cheung Kong Group before the spinoff in 2015. It was subsequently renamed CK Asset Holdings from CK Property in 2017. Li Ka-shing and his family remain the largest shareholders of CK Asset over the years, with about a 48% equity stake. The company mainly engages in property development, property investment, and hotel management in Hong Kong and mainland China, while diversifying into social housing, pub operations, and infrastructure management overseas in recent years.

Lennar is one of the largest public homebuilders in the United States. The company’s homebuilding operations target first-time, move-up, active adult, and luxury homebuyers mainly under the Lennar brand name. Lennar’s financial-services segment provides mortgage financing and related services to its homebuyers. Miami-based Lennar is also involved in multifamily and single-family for-rent construction and has invested in numerous housing-related technology startups.

Galaxy Entertainment is one of six casino licenseholders in Macao. Its major properties include Starworld casino in the Macao Peninsula and Galaxy Macau in Cotai, with a hotel capacity of approximately 5,564 rooms as of the end of 2024.

China Overseas Land & Investment, or COLI, is a large real estate developer in China. Property development accounts for most of the core earnings, with operating scale among the top five of all peers regarding contracted sales. In addition to property development, COLI has actively grown its commercial property portfolio, with a dual focus on offices and shopping malls for recurring income. COLI is a subsidiary of China State Construction Engineering, China's largest construction firm. It also holds about a 40% stake in China Overseas Grand Oceans, a real estate developer focusing on lower-tier cities in China.

Daiwa House Industry Co Ltd is engaged in the business of housing, commercial facilities, and urban development. The company operates through seven segments. The Apartment segment develops, sells, and manages condominiums, while the Business Facilities segment handles logistics, manufacturing, medical, and nursing care facilities. The Commercial Facility segment focuses on the development, construction, and management of retail spaces. The Detached Houses segment contracts and sells individual homes. The Environment Energy segment develops renewable power plants and electricity retail. The Rental Housing segment covers development, operation, and brokerage of rental housing, while Others include the resort hotel business.

Swire Properties is a Hong Kong-based property investor and Hong Kong's largest office landlord. Its Hong Kong portfolio provides more than 13 million square feet of gross floor area, with its portfolio of grade A office contributing over 9 million square feet. The firm also holds investment properties and development projects in China, the United States, and Southeast Asia. Rental income accounts for over 60% of its total revenue, with property development and hotel operations contributing the balance. The company was listed in 2012. Parent company Swire Pacific holds an 83% stake.

Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield owns a portfolio of quality malls, about two thirds in continental Europe. Since acquiring Westfield in 2018 URW also has about 10% in the UK and about a quarter in the USA, but it plans to drastically reduce exposure to the latter. More than 90% of rent comes from shopping centers, the remainder from offices, mostly Paris, as well as some offices attached to mixed-use assets around the world, and a similar amount from a conventions and exhibitions business in France.

DLF Ltd is a general real estate company. The company's development business majorly focuses on developing and selling residential real estate. This includes plotted developments, houses, villas, and apartments of varying sizes and integrated townships, with a focus on high-end, luxury residential developments. DLF's business also consists of commercial and shopping complexes. The company considers merger and acquisition investment as a potential component of its operational growth strategy.

NVR Inc is engaged in the construction and sale of residential properties, including single-family detached homes, townhomes, and condominium buildings, all of which are built on a pre-sold basis. Additionally, the company provides related services through its mortgage banking and title services businesses. Its business segments are Homebuilding and Mortgage Banking. Its geographical segments include the Mid Atlantic, the North East, the Mid East, and the South East regions of America. The majority of the company's revenue is derived from the Homebuilding Mid Atlantic segment, which includes homebuilding operations that construct and sell single-family detached homes, townhomes and condominiums in Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, Delaware and Washington, D.C. regions.

Hyatt is an operator of owned (3% of total rooms) and managed and franchised (97%) properties across about 40 upscale luxury brands, which includes vacation brands (Apple Leisure Group, Hyatt Ziva, and Hyatt Zilara), the recently launched full-service lifestyle brand Hyatt Centric, the soft lifestyle brand Unbound, the wellness brand Miraval, and the midscale extended-stay brand Studios. Hyatt acquired Two Roads Hospitality in 2018 and Apple Leisure Group in 2021. The regional exposure as a percentage of total rooms is 63% Americas, 15% rest of world, and 22% Asia-Pacific.

Henderson Land Development is a leading property developer in Hong Kong with a focus on urban redevelopment and farmland conversion. The company was founded in 1976, listed in 1981. Henderson Land controls four listed entities directly, including a 69% stake in Henderson Investment, a 41.5% stake in Hong Kong and China Gas, a 33.4% stake in Hong Kong Ferry, and a 50.1% stake in Miramar Hotel & Investment.

Aldar Properties PJSC is a general real estate company. The company along with its subsidiaries is engaged in various businesses predominantly the development, sales, investment, construction, leasing, management, and associated services for real estate. Its operating segment includes Property development and sales; Project management services; International; Investment properties; Hospitality and leisure; Education, Estates and Others. The company generates maximum revenue from the Property development and sales segment.

Singapore-based Keppel is an alternative asset manager and operator with SGD 95 billion of funds under management as of the end of December 2025. The group’s key segments are infrastructure, real estate, and connectivity (including telecommunication services and operation of data centers). Most of its earnings are derived from its infrastructure segment, where it invests and operates in a portfolio of infrastructure assets. The group also has a fund management platform comprising listed and unlisted investment trusts that generates recurring fee income.

Chow Tai Fook Jewellery Group Ltd is engaged in the jewelry and watch business located in Mainland China. The company's geographical operating segment includes Mainland China and Hong Kong, Macau, and other markets. It generates maximum revenue from Mainland China. Its product categories include rings, bands, necklaces, pendants, earrings, chains, bracelets, and others. The company derives revenue from Gem-set, Gold products, Platinum/Karat gold products, and Watches.

Sands China operates integrated resorts and casinos in Macao. Its properties include Sands Macao, the Venetian Macao, the Plaza Macao, the Londoner, and the Parisian Macao. It has about 23.5% market share in the Macao gaming sector in terms of gross gaming revenue as of 2025. Las Vegas Sands has a 74.8% stake in Sands China.

Emaar Development PJSC is a property developer and provider of lifestyle-focused real estate, with operations in the Middle East, North Africa, and Asia. Its principal activities are property investment, development and development management, shopping malls and retail, entertainment, hospitality, property management and utility services and investments in providers of financial services. The majority of the company'ss revenue is derived from the sale of residential units. Geographically, the company is currently operating only in the UAE.

Toll Brothers Inc is the luxury homebuilder in the USA, operating in over 60 markets across 24 states. The Fort Washington, Pennsylvania-headquartered homebuilder caters to affluent first-time, move-up, active-adult, and second-homebuyers. Toll Brothers has shifted in recent years to a greater mix of speculative, or "quick move-in" homes. The homebuilder has also expanded its price points, with a greater emphasis on "affordable luxury. Traditional homebuilding accounts for the majority of Toll Brothers' earnings, but the firm also offers ancillary mortgage, title, insurance, and other services.

Omega Healthcare Investors Inc is a real estate investment trust that invests in healthcare-related real estate properties located in the United States (U.S.), the United Kingdom (U.K.), and Canada. The company's objective is to provide attractive returns to investors while serving as the preferred capital partner to its third-party healthcare operating companies and affiliates, as well as other third-party healthcare operators, allowing them to focus on delivering a high level of care to their resident patients. Omega's investment portfolio mainly consists of skilled nursing facilities, assisted living facilities (ALFs), including care homes in the U.K., independent living facilities, rehabilitation and acute care facilities, and continuing care retirement communities.

Sekisui House Ltd is a Japanese construction company engaged in housing, construction, real estate, and international operations. The company operates through seven segments. The Detached House segment focuses on designing and selling homes. The Rental and Commercial Building segment handles rental housing and commercial properties. The Architecture and Civil Engineering segment undertakes construction and civil engineering projects, and the Rental Housing Management segment is engaged in leasing and management services. The company also operates a Remodeling business for homes and rental units, a Development division covering real estate, condominiums, and urban redevelopment, and an International business that develops and sells housing, land, and apartments overseas.

Prada is a family owned holding comprising the Prada brand, a younger and more fashion-oriented Miu Miu, and two classic shoe brands: Church’s and Car Shoe. The company generates EUR 5.4 billion in sales, with over 70% from the Prada brand. Geographically, Asia is the biggest region with 33% of retail sales, followed by Europe at 32%, 17% in the Americas, and 13% in Japan. In 2025, the Prada group acquired the Versace brand, which should contribute 13% of revenue on a pro forma basis.

Lodha Developers Ltd is a real estate developer in India. Its core business is residential real estate developments with a brand presence across luxury, premium, and mid-income housing segments. The company's portfolio includes approximately forty projects across three key real estate markets in India: Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR), Pune, and Bengaluru. In addition, it is involved in building select annuity income streams through facilities management, industrial and warehousing, and leasing of selected retail and office spaces. The company has introduced BelleVie, a digital platform that complements its facilities management business by connecting residents with a diverse range of customized marketplace services. It operates in one reportable segment, i.e., Real Estate development.

H World Group Ltd is a multi-brand hotel group in China with international operations. It operates in the leased, managed, and franchised models. The company has two operating segments: legacy Huazhu and legacy DH. Its brand and product offering includes Economy hotel brands: HanTing Hotel, Ni Hao Hotel, Hi Inn, Elan Hotel, Zleep Hotels, and Ibis Hotel, Midscale hotel brands: JI Hotel, Orange Hotel, Starway Hotel and Ibis Styles Hotel, Upper midscale hotel brands: Crystal Orange Hotel, IntercityHotel, Manxin Hotel, Mercure Hotel, Madison Hotel, Novotel Hotel, CitiGO Hotel and MAXX by Steigenberger, Upscale hotel brands: Joya Hotel, Blossom House, Steigenberger Hotels & Resorts, Jaz in the City, and Grand Mercure; and Luxury hotel brand: Steigenberger Icon and Song Hotels.