Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield Valuation Multiples

Since its founding in 1962, Walmart has become the world’s largest retailer, operating over 10,700 stores globally (including 4,600 namesake locations on its home turf and another 600 Sam’s Club outlets) and growing its e-commerce presence, attracting 270 million customers weekly. In aggregate, the firm posted more than $680 billion in fiscal 2025 sales. Its core operations span three reporting segments: Walmart US (68% of fiscal 2025 sales), Walmart International (18%), and Sam’s Club (14%). Within the US, nearly 60% of its $465 billion in fiscal 2025 revenue came from its grocery offerings, with another quarter from general merchandise. Internationally, Walmart’s operations are concentrated in Mexico, though it also has budding exposure to India.

Home Depot is the world's largest home improvement specialty retailer, operating 2,364 warehouse-format stores offering more than 30,000 products in store and 1 million products online in the US, Canada, and Mexico. Its stores offer building materials, home improvement products, lawn and garden products, and decor products and provide various services, including home improvement installation services and tool and equipment rentals. The acquisition of Interline Brands in 2015 allowed Home Depot to enter the MRO business, which has been expanded through the tie-up with HD Supply (2020). The 2024 tie-up with SRS will help grow professional demand in roofing, pool, and landscaping projects, while the 2025 purchase of GMS will lift building product sales through 1,340 distribution locations.

Prologis is a publicly traded real estate investment trust that owns, develops and operates industrial and logistics properties. The company leases distribution facilities to manufacturers, retailers, transportation businesses and third-party logistics providers across the Americas, Europe and Asia. Its properties support the storage and movement of goods near consumer markets and transport infrastructure. Rental income from facilities is a principal source of operating revenue, while co-investment ventures provide a separate means of investing alongside institutional partners. Prologis also develops new buildings and acquires existing portfolios to expand its property operations. In September 2014, its European Logistics Partners venture with Norges Bank Investment Management acquired logistics facilities and development land in Madrid and Barcelona. The equal partnership held a European portfolio of approximately 5.3 million square metres after that transaction.

Target’s start dates back to 1962, but now it is one of the largest discount retailers in the United States (where it derives all of its sales), operating just under 2,000 stores and generating over $106 billion in fiscal 2024 sales. The company offers a broad assortment of merchandise across categories including apparel and accessories (16% of fiscal 2024 revenue), beauty and household essentials (30%), food and beverage (23%), hardlines (15%), as well as home furnishings (16%). Target’s model is anchored in its physical store base, which fulfills more than 97% of sales. Around 30% of sales are derived from its own private-label brands.

Vingroup JSC is a Vietnam-based company engaged in construction and provides retail outlets, commercial offices for lease, residential units for lease and sale. It also carries out investment activities, to provide the management service and to conduct other businesses. The company operates through the segments of Sale of inventory properties, Leasing investment properties and related services, Hospitality, entertainment and other services, Health care and related services, Education services, Retail services, Manufacturing activities, and Others. The company generates the majority of its revenue from Sale of inventory properties including developing and trading apartments and villas at real estate projects of the group.

Wal - Mart de Mexico SAB de CV is the owner and operator of Wal-Mart branded self-service stores in Mexico and Central America. Wal-Mart de Mexico is a subsidiary of Wal-Mart Stores Incorporated, based in the United States. The company generates the majority of revenue in Mexico and a small proportion of revenue from the rest of Central America. The company operates discount stores, hypermarkets, supermarkets, wholesale stores, and pharmacies. The company also engages in the import and sale of goods, property development, and real estate management activities.

Tesco is a large food retailer, operating thousands of stores in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Central Europe. The majority of Tesco’s sales are from the UK, where the firm has over 24% market share, more than double the second-largest peer, Sainsbury’s, according to Euromonitor. Tesco also holds 30% e-grocery market share in the UK, holding a dominant position online. Tesco gained exposure to the cash-and-carry and out-of-home delivery industries with the GBP 4 billion acquisition of Booker in 2018.

Sun Hung Kai Properties is a diversified real estate developer in Hong Kong with a core focus on the residential, office, and retail real estate segments. Most of its business is based in Hong Kong, where it is a leading private housing developer and holds a portfolio of high-quality retail and office properties for rental income. The company also invests in other listed entities, including a telecommunications company, SmarTone, and a data center provider, SUNeVision. The family of the late founder, Kwok Tak Seng, is the controlling shareholder, with a stake of more than 40%.

Dollarama is Canada’s largest dollar store chain that sells a broad range of everyday consumables and household items at low fixed price points, currently capped at CAD 5. General merchandise and consumables make up 90% of total sales, and the rest is from festivity-related seasonal items. The retailer operates more than 1,600 stores across Canada, mostly in convenient locations in metropolitan areas, midsize cities, and small towns. It also holds a 60% stake in South American value retailer Dollarcity, which operates more than 600 stores across Colombia, Guatemala, El Salvador, Peru, and Mexico. In 2025, the firm closed its CAD 234 million acquisition of Australian retail chain The Reject Shop, which operates 395 stores.

With operations in 126 markets across 36 states, D.R. Horton is the leading homebuilder in the United States. It mainly builds single-family detached homes (87% of home sales revenue) and offers products to entry-level, move-up, luxury buyers, and active adults. The company offers homebuyers mortgage financing and title agency services through its financial services segment. D.R. Horton's headquarters are in Arlington, Texas, and it manages six regional segments across the United States.

Goodman Group owns, manages, and develops industrial properties in 13 countries, historically in Australia but increasingly worldwide. Around half of its operating earnings come from development, a third from management, and the rest from property investment. Most developments are undertaken on behalf of third parties or fund investors. Goodman earns fees in return for development management services. Completed projects are either sold or reside in one of Goodman’s funds or partnerships. Goodman typically retains ownership stakes in the investment vehicles and continues to manage the sites after completion, collecting investment management base fees, performance fees, property services fees, and a share of rental income.

Woolworths is Australia's largest retailer. Operations include supermarkets in Australia and New Zealand, and discount department and pet stores. Woolworths also supplies businesses, like restaurants and cafes, following the acquisition of PFD Food Services. The Australian food division with its supermarkets constitutes the majority of group EBIT, followed by New Zealand supermarkets and PFD, while Big W is a minor contributor.

Samsung C&T is a South Korean construction, trading and consumer-business group headquartered in Seoul and listed on the Korea Exchange, and it is often regarded as the de facto holding company of the Samsung group because of its large stakes in other Samsung affiliates. It is organised into Engineering & Construction, Trading & Investment, Fashion and Resort groups, plus a biopharmaceutical business built around its stake in contract manufacturer Samsung Biologics. The construction group is an engineering, procurement and construction contractor known for skyscrapers such as the Burj Khalifa, the Petronas Towers, Merdeka 118 and Taipei 101; the trading group handles international trade in industrial goods; the fashion group sells apparel brands such as Bean Pole; and the resort group runs the Everland and Caribbean Bay theme parks, golf courses and the Samsung Welstory food service business. In 2025 the company reported revenue of KRW 40.742 trillion and operating profit of KRW 3.293 trillion, with construction contributing KRW 14.1 trillion and trading KRW 14.6 trillion, and it employs more than 17,000 people. Samsung C&T was founded in 1938 by Lee Byung-chul as the first Samsung company, was designated Korea's first general trading company in 1975, merged with Samsung Construction in 1995 and combined with Cheil Industries in September 2015.

China Resources Land, or CR Land, is a leading real estate developer with nationwide coverage in China. Aside from the core development business, CR Land differentiates itself from peers with a significant investment property portfolio with luxury focused MixC malls, and it holds a 74% stake in listed property management company China Resources Mixc Lifestyle Services. CR Land is a subsidiary of China Resources Holdings, or CR Holdings, a sizable state-owned conglomerate with a diverse presence in the utilities, consumer goods, medical, and property sectors. CR Holdings holds about a 60% stake in CR Land.

China State Construction Engineering Corp Ltd is a construction and real estate conglomerate. The company conducts its operations through five segments: Housing Construction segment, Infrastructure Construction and Investment segment, Real Estate Development and Investment segment, Design & Survey segment, and Others segment. It derives the majority of its revenue from the Housing Construction segment. The company's services include product technology research and development, survey and design, real estate development, engineering contracting, equipment manufacturing, asset operation, and property management.

Mitsubishi Estate is one of the three big Japanese real estate companies. Around two thirds of its operating profit comes from leasing office space in Japan, where half of its portfolio is concentrated in the prime Marunouchi/Otemachi district between Tokyo station and the Imperial Palace. Mitsubishi Estate’s predecessor originally bought this land from the government in 1890, and the company sees itself as steward of the showcase area’s long-term development, rarely if ever selling any properties there.

Emaar Properties PJSC is engaged in property investment, development, and development management, shopping malls and retail, hospitality, property management, utility services, and investments in providers of financial services. Its segments are, namely, real estate (develop, sell, and manage condominiums, villas, commercial units and plots of land), leasing, retail and related activities (develop, lease and manage malls, retail, commercial, and residential spaces), and hospitality (develop, own, and/or manage hotels, serviced apartments and leisure activities). It earns revenue from sources other than property sales, leasing, retail and related activities, and hospitality, and this revenue is included in other operating income. The majority of revenue comes from real estate.

Mitsui Fudosan Co Ltd is a real estate development and management company. The company operates through five segments. The Condominiums segment sells housing to individuals and rental properties to investors. The Rental segment leases office buildings and commercial facilities. The Facility Operations segment covers hotels, resorts, sports, and entertainment. The Management segment handles property management, brokerage, and asset management. The Others segment engages in new construction contracting. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Rental segment.

Founded in 1986, Dollar Tree operates almost 9,000 small-box discount stores across the United States and Canada, offering roughly 85% of its merchandise under $2. The chain targets value-conscious suburban and urban shoppers with a mix of consumables (49% of sales), variety (45%), and seasonal goods (6%). In fiscal 2024, Dollar Tree generated over $17 billion in sales, through its multi-price strategy, higher-margin discretionary assortments, and private-label products that account for nearly one-third of sales.

Avenue Supermarts Ltd is an India-based company engaged in the business of organized retail and operates supermarkets under the brand name of D-Mart. It provides products under the categories of Foods, Non-Foods (FMCG) and General Merchandise and Apparel. Foods category includes products such as dairy, staples, groceries, snacks, frozen products, processed foods, beverages and confectionary and fruits and vegetables. Non-Foods (FMCG) comprises home care products, personal care products, toiletries and other over-the-counter products. General Merchandise and Apparel include bed and bath, toys and games, crockery, plastic goods, garments, footwear, utensils and home appliances. The business operations of the company are principally carried out in India.

Coles is one of Australia's largest retailers, operating the second-largest supermarket chain behind market leader Woolworths, and the country's second-largest liquor chain. The group has an extensive store network of over 1,800 stores and roughly 80% of Australians live within a 10-minute drive from a Coles store. The retailer employs some 120,000 people, who process some 20 million individual customer transactions a week. This compares with Woolworths processing about 30 million customer transactions per week from Australia's population of 27 million.

PulteGroup Inc is a homebuilder in the United States. The company mainly builds single-family detached homes and offers products to entry-level, move-up, and active-adult buyers. It also offers homebuyers mortgage financing, title, and insurance agency services through its financial services segment.

CK Asset Holdings was the property business arm of the Cheung Kong Group before the spinoff in 2015. It was subsequently renamed CK Asset Holdings from CK Property in 2017. Li Ka-shing and his family remain the largest shareholders of CK Asset over the years, with about a 48% equity stake. The company mainly engages in property development, property investment, and hotel management in Hong Kong and mainland China, while diversifying into social housing, pub operations, and infrastructure management overseas in recent years.

AEON Co Ltd is a holding company engaged in comprehensive finance, development, and services with a focus on retail businesses. The Comprehensive Finance segment covers credit cards, banking, insurance, and related services. The Developer segment handles shopping center development, leasing, facility management, amusement, and restaurants. The Discount Store (DS) segment operates discount stores, while the General Supermarket (GMS) segment includes supermarkets and bento delicatessen specialty stores. The Health & Wellness segment runs drugstores and pharmacies. The International segment focuses on retail in ASEAN and China. Services/Specialty Store includes casual fashion, footwear, and variety goods. Supermarket (SM) operates supermarkets, convenience stores, and small outlets.

China Overseas Land & Investment, or COLI, is a large real estate developer in China. Property development accounts for most of the core earnings, with operating scale among the top five of all peers regarding contracted sales. In addition to property development, COLI has actively grown its commercial property portfolio, with a dual focus on offices and shopping malls for recurring income. COLI is a subsidiary of China State Construction Engineering, China's largest construction firm. It also holds about a 40% stake in China Overseas Grand Oceans, a real estate developer focusing on lower-tier cities in China.

Lennar is one of the largest public homebuilders in the United States. The company’s homebuilding operations target first-time, move-up, active adult, and luxury homebuyers mainly under the Lennar brand name. Lennar’s financial-services segment provides mortgage financing and related services to its homebuyers. Miami-based Lennar is also involved in multifamily and single-family for-rent construction and has invested in numerous housing-related technology startups.

Swire Properties is a Hong Kong-based property investor and Hong Kong's largest office landlord. Its Hong Kong portfolio provides more than 13 million square feet of gross floor area, with its portfolio of grade A office contributing over 9 million square feet. The firm also holds investment properties and development projects in China, the United States, and Southeast Asia. Rental income accounts for over 60% of its total revenue, with property development and hotel operations contributing the balance. The company was listed in 2012. Parent company Swire Pacific holds an 83% stake.

DLF Ltd is a general real estate company. The company's development business majorly focuses on developing and selling residential real estate. This includes plotted developments, houses, villas, and apartments of varying sizes and integrated townships, with a focus on high-end, luxury residential developments. DLF's business also consists of commercial and shopping complexes. The company considers merger and acquisition investment as a potential component of its operational growth strategy.

Daiwa House Industry Co Ltd is engaged in the business of housing, commercial facilities, and urban development. The company operates through seven segments. The Apartment segment develops, sells, and manages condominiums, while the Business Facilities segment handles logistics, manufacturing, medical, and nursing care facilities. The Commercial Facility segment focuses on the development, construction, and management of retail spaces. The Detached Houses segment contracts and sells individual homes. The Environment Energy segment develops renewable power plants and electricity retail. The Rental Housing segment covers development, operation, and brokerage of rental housing, while Others include the resort hotel business.

Aldar Properties is a real estate developer, investor and manager headquartered in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, and listed on the Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange. Its Aldar Development arm builds and sells homes and master-planned communities in the UAE, including projects at Al Raha Beach, Al Raha Gardens and Yas Island, and develops property abroad through SODIC in Egypt and London Square in the United Kingdom, which it bought in 2023 for £230 million. Aldar Investment holds more than AED 49 billion of assets under management, spanning retail, residential, commercial and logistics property such as Yas Mall and The Galleria, hotels and leisure assets in Abu Dhabi and Ras Al Khaimah, and Aldar Education, which runs 27 owned and managed schools with about 36,000 students. The group earns revenue from property sales, rental income, hospitality, school fees and project management services. In 2025 it reported revenue of AED 33.8 billion, net profit of AED 8.8 billion and record group sales of AED 40.6 billion. Aldar was founded on 12 January 2004, listed its shares in 2005, received a $5.2 billion bailout from the Abu Dhabi government in 2011 and merged with Sorouh Real Estate in 2013. Its largest shareholder is the sovereign wealth fund Mubadala.

Falabella SA is involved in offering products and services in five business divisions: department stores, home improvement, supermarkets, financial services, and real estate. All business segments operate in South American countries. The largest division by revenue, financial services offers access to credit by combining traditional financial business with proximity to customers through retail formats. Home improvement has a diverse customer base: from individuals to construction-sector players and corporates. This segment's main categories are construction materials, home improvement products, home accessories and furniture. The department stores segment offers various brands such as private brands, second generation, exclusive brands, and international brands.

Henderson Land Development is a leading property developer in Hong Kong with a focus on urban redevelopment and farmland conversion. The company was founded in 1976, listed in 1981. Henderson Land controls four listed entities directly, including a 69% stake in Henderson Investment, a 41.5% stake in Hong Kong and China Gas, a 33.4% stake in Hong Kong Ferry, and a 50.1% stake in Miramar Hotel & Investment.

Swire Pacific is a Hong Kong-based conglomerate with interests in property, aviation, beverage, trading, and industrials. The property division, an 82% stake in Swire Properties, contributes more than half of the group's operating profit. The beverage division is one of two Coca-Cola bottlers in mainland China and also a bottler in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia. The aviation division consists of Haeco, an aircraft engineering company, and a 45% stake in Cathay Pacific. As of end December 2024, John Swire & Sons, the parent company, holds a 60% stake in Swire Pacific but has 68% of the voting rights through a dual-class share structure.

NVR Inc is engaged in the construction and sale of residential properties, including single-family detached homes, townhomes, and condominium buildings, all of which are built on a pre-sold basis. Additionally, the company provides related services through its mortgage banking and title services businesses. Its business segments are Homebuilding and Mortgage Banking. Its geographical segments include the Mid Atlantic, the North East, the Mid East, and the South East regions of America. The majority of the company's revenue is derived from the Homebuilding Mid Atlantic segment, which includes homebuilding operations that construct and sell single-family detached homes, townhomes and condominiums in Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, Delaware and Washington, D.C. regions.

Emaar Development PJSC is a property developer and provider of lifestyle-focused real estate, with operations in the Middle East, North Africa, and Asia. Its principal activities are property investment, development and development management, shopping malls and retail, entertainment, hospitality, property management and utility services and investments in providers of financial services. The majority of the company'ss revenue is derived from the sale of residential units. Geographically, the company is currently operating only in the UAE.

Singapore-based Keppel is an alternative asset manager and operator with SGD 95 billion of funds under management as of the end of December 2025. The group’s key segments are infrastructure, real estate, and connectivity (including telecommunication services and operation of data centers). Most of its earnings are derived from its infrastructure segment, where it invests and operates in a portfolio of infrastructure assets. The group also has a fund management platform comprising listed and unlisted investment trusts that generates recurring fee income.

Pan Pacific International Holdings is a leading operator of discount stores and general merchandise stores primarily in Japan, operating 655 stores as of mid-2025 nationally. It offers a wide range of products from packaged food, cosmetics, and household products to consumer electronics. The primary store formats include the Don Quijote discount stores, Mega Donki format, and general merchandise stores operated under FamilyMart UNY. Overseas operations concentrate on North America and Southeast Asia. The group has acquired small supermarket chains in Hawaii and California in the US and also accelerated store expansion across Singapore and Hong Kong.

Sekisui House Ltd is a Japanese construction company engaged in housing, construction, real estate, and international operations. The company operates through seven segments. The Detached House segment focuses on designing and selling homes. The Rental and Commercial Building segment handles rental housing and commercial properties. The Architecture and Civil Engineering segment undertakes construction and civil engineering projects, and the Rental Housing Management segment is engaged in leasing and management services. The company also operates a Remodeling business for homes and rental units, a Development division covering real estate, condominiums, and urban redevelopment, and an International business that develops and sells housing, land, and apartments overseas.

Omega Healthcare Investors Inc is a real estate investment trust that invests in healthcare-related real estate properties located in the United States (U.S.), the United Kingdom (U.K.), and Canada. The company's objective is to provide attractive returns to investors while serving as the preferred capital partner to its third-party healthcare operating companies and affiliates, as well as other third-party healthcare operators, allowing them to focus on delivering a high level of care to their resident patients. Omega's investment portfolio mainly consists of skilled nursing facilities, assisted living facilities (ALFs), including care homes in the U.K., independent living facilities, rehabilitation and acute care facilities, and continuing care retirement communities.

Founded in 1959, Carrefour is a multiformat retailer with operations in over 40 countries. Approximately 75% of sales stem from Europe and the rest from Latin America. In France, where Carrefour generates nearly 50% of its total revenue, the firm has a grocery market share of 22%, behind market leader E.Leclerc (24%), according to Kantar. Carrefour operates over 15,000 stores in hypermarket, supermarket, convenience store, and discount store formats. In 2024, Carrefour completed the acquisition of the Cora and Match banners from Louis Delhaize group for an enterprise value of EUR 1.05 billion.

Modon Holding PSC, and its subsidiaries, operate across multiple business activities, including the development, management, sales, leasing and other associated services for real estate. The company is also engaged in the development, management and operations of hotels and exhibition venues, with a portfolio of assets under management across retail, residential, commercial, and sports & leisure. The company's reportable segments are: i) Real Estate Development, ii) Asset and Investment Management, iii) Hospitality, and iv) Events, Catering and Tourism. The majority of revenue is derived from the Real Estate Development segment, which involves master planning, development, sales, and management of real estate projects in the UAE and international markets.

Toll Brothers is the leading luxury homebuilder in the United States with an average sale price well above that of public competitors. The company operates in over 60 markets across 24 states and caters to move-up, active-adult, and second-homebuyers. Toll Brothers consistently ranks as a top 10 builder in the US based on total home closings. Traditional homebuilding operations represent most of the company’s revenue. Toll Brothers also builds luxury for-sale and for-rent properties in urban centers across the US. Its headquarters are in Horsham, Pennsylvania.

Swiss Prime Site AG is a real estate company based in Switzerland. Its segments include: Real Estate, Asset Management, Retail, Corporate and Shared Services. The Real Estate segment consists of the firm's core real estate activities (the purchase, sale, lease, and development of properties) and financing of these activities. Asset Management includes the fund business, asset management, and investment advisory. The Retail segment consists of the operation of department stores, and Corporate and Shared Services include central group functions as well as internal services that are provided centrally. The majority of the revenue is generated from the Real Estate segment.

Marks & Spencer is a British multichannel retailer with stores across Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. The majority of revenue stems from the firm’s UK operations, selling predominantly its own-brand food, clothing, and home merchandise. The food segment includes value products (dairy, poultry, meat, fresh produce), ready-made meals, and healthy items. The clothing and home division sells womenswear, lingerie, menswear, kidswear, beauty, and home products. The remaining revenue comes from international sales, where M&S sells through a mix of its own stores, franchises, and online channels.In 2020, the firm entered into a joint venture, purchasing 50% of grocery e-commerce business Ocado Retail. Ocado is the exclusive online distributor of M&S food within the UK.

Skanska AB is one of the world's construction and project development companies. It develops properties and structures in the Nordic region, North America, and elsewhere. The company uses its skills and expertise to develop highways, bridges, mass transit, houses, and logistic centers. Skanska operates in business segments: construction, that derives majority of total revenue, residential development, Investment Properties, and commercial property development. Geographically, the company derives majority of revenue from Sweden, it also has its presence in UK, USA, Norway and Others.

Lodha Developers Ltd is a real estate developer in India. Its core business is residential real estate developments with a brand presence across luxury, premium, and mid-income housing segments. The company's portfolio includes approximately forty projects across three key real estate markets in India: Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR), Pune, and Bengaluru. In addition, it is involved in building select annuity income streams through facilities management, industrial and warehousing, and leasing of selected retail and office spaces. The company has introduced BelleVie, a digital platform that complements its facilities management business by connecting residents with a diverse range of customized marketplace services. It operates in one reportable segment, i.e., Real Estate development.

Shoprite Holdings Ltd is Africa’s food retailer, headquartered in Cape Town, South Africa, with a widespread presence across multiple African countries. The company's main business is supermarket retailing through brands such as Shoprite, Usave, and Checkers. The company organizes its operations into three main segments: Supermarkets RSA, which covers its core supermarket retail operations in South Africa. The company segments include Supermarkets Non-RSA, covering supermarket operations in other African countries; and Other Operating Segments, which include franchise stores, pharmacies, pet products, clothing, and other specialist retail formats.

China Merchants Shekou Industrial Zone Holdings Co Ltd develops and sells residential properties in China and internationally. The company operates through three segments. The Asset Operations segment includes commercial offices, apartment hotels, industrial parks, and other property holding and asset management activities. The Development Business segment focuses on the development and sale of real estate projects, mainly residential buildings. The Property Services segment covers property management, cruise, exhibition, healthcare, and other urban operation services. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Asset Operations segment.