Estoril-Sol Valuation Multiples

Aristocrat Leisure is an electronic gaming machine manufacturer that sells machines to pubs, clubs, and casinos. The firm is licensed in all Australian states and territories, North American jurisdictions, and essentially every major country. Aristocrat is one of the top three largest players in the space along with International Game Technology and Light & Wonder. The company also develops and distributes mobile games, principally in the social casino niche. The more nascent iGaming business sits between these two businesses, providing digital content and capabilities to real-money gaming providers.

Las Vegas Sands is the world's largest operator of fully integrated resorts, featuring casino, hotel, entertainment, food and beverage, retail, and convention center operations. The company owns the Venetian Macao, Sands Macao, Londoner Macao, Four Seasons Hotel Macao, and Parisian Macao, as well as the Marina Bay Sands resort in Singapore. We expect Sands to open a fourth tower in Singapore in 2031. Its Venetian and Palazzo Las Vegas assets in the US were sold to Apollo and Vici in 2022. After the sale of its Vegas assets, Sands generates all its EBITDA from Asia, with its casino operations generating the majority of sales.

Galaxy Entertainment is one of six casino licenseholders in Macao. Its major properties include Starworld casino in the Macao Peninsula and Galaxy Macau in Cotai, with a hotel capacity of approximately 5,564 rooms as of the end of 2024.

Evolution AB develops, produces, markets, and licenses fully integrated live casino and slots solutions to gaming operators. In live casino, a game presenter (dealer) runs the game from a casino table, which is followed in real time via a video stream, while players place bets on devices such as computers, smartphones, and tablets. Its games include Live Casino, Slots, Game Shows, First Person, Live Blackjack, Live Roulette, Live Baccarat, Super Sic Bo & Dragon Tiger, Live Poker, and Land-Based games. The Company innovates, develops, and produces online casino content on a B2B basis and generates maximum revenue from Europe, followed by North America and other regions.

In 2016, Irish company Paddy Power merged with UK firm Betfair to form online gaming operator Flutter Entertainment. Today, Flutter has the top digital revenue share in the US, UK and Ireland, Australia, Italy, and many other countries. Some of its leading brands are FanDuel in the US, Sky Betting & Gaming and Paddy Power in the UK and Ireland, Sportsbet (acquired by Paddy Power beginning in 2009) in Australia, and Sisal in Italy. As of Dec. 31, 2024, the company offered products in over 100 countries and had 13.9 million average monthly users. In 2024, sports betting was 56% of revenue, online gaming 40%, and fantasy sports, horse racing, and other 4%. The company is scheduled to launch a predictive sports betting platform in late 2025.

Sands China operates integrated resorts and casinos in Macao. Its properties include Sands Macao, the Venetian Macao, the Plaza Macao, the Londoner, and the Parisian Macao. It has about 23.5% market share in the Macao gaming sector in terms of gross gaming revenue as of 2025. Las Vegas Sands has a 74.8% stake in Sands China.

OPAP Holding SA, formerly known as Greek Organisation of Football Prognostics SA, is a gambling company that operates lotteries and sports betting, including horse races. The company is the exclusive gambling provider in Greece. The firm is organized into segments based on the type of game: Lotteries, Betting, Online betting, other online games, instant and passive, Vlts, Telecom and emoney services and others. The gaming services are provided either online or through physical retailers. The company generates the vast majority of its revenue in Greece.

DraftKings got its start in 2012 as an innovator in daily fantasy sports. Then, following a Supreme Court ruling in 2018 that allowed states to legalize online sports wagering, the company expanded into online sports and casino gambling, where it generally holds the number-two or -three revenue share position across states where it competes. DraftKings is now live with online or retail sports betting in 28 states and i-gaming in 5 states, with both products available to around 40% of Canada's population. In 2024, sports revenue was 61% of total sales, i-gaming 32%, and fantasy and lottery 7%. The company plans to launch a predictive event platform in late 2025 and also operates a non-fungible token commission-based marketplace and develops and licenses online gaming products.

The Lottery Corporation is Australia's largest provider of lottery, keno, and instant-scratch products, with long-dated and/or exclusive licenses for the lottery in all Australian states and territories except Western Australia, and in most states and territories for keno. Lottery Corp has a distribution network of more than 3,800 franchised retailers that sell instant-scratch and lottery products through vendors such as newsstands, gas stations, pharmacies, and convenience stores, as well as online sales. Keno is sold in over 3,400 bars and clubs.

Wynn Resorts operates luxury casinos and resorts. The company was founded in 2002 by Steve Wynn, the former CEO. The company operates four megaresorts: Wynn Macau and Encore in Macao and Wynn Las Vegas and Encore in Las Vegas. Cotai Palace opened in August 2016 in Macao, and Encore Boston Harbor in Massachusetts opened June 2019. We expect the company to continue to build nongaming attractions in Macao over the next few years. We model Wynn's managed integrated resort in the United Arab Emirates to open in 2027. The company also operates Wynn Interactive, a digital sports betting and iGaming platform, in a few states. The company received 76% and 24% of its 2019 prepandemic EBITDA from Macao and the US, respectively. In 2024, both the US and Macao were each 50% of total EBITDA.

MGM Resorts is the largest resort operator on the Las Vegas Strip with 37,000 guest rooms and suites, representing about one fourth of all units in the market. The company's Vegas properties include MGM Grand, Mandalay Bay, Park MGM, Luxor, New York-New York, and Bellagio. The Strip contributed approximately 59% of total EBITDAR in 2024. MGM also owns US regional assets, which represented a low 20s share of 2024 EBITDAR (MGM's Macao EBITDAR was 21% of the total in 2024). MGM's US sports and i-gaming operations are currently a high-single-digit percentage of its total revenue. The company also operates the 56%-owned MGM China casinos with a second property that opened on the Cotai Strip in early 2018. We estimate MGM will open a resort in Japan in 2030.

Lottomatica Group SpA is an operator on the gaming market authorized by the Customs and Monopolies Agency. The group operates in various sectors namely Online (sports betting and online games); Betting (sports bets and games on a physical network); Gaming (AWP and VLT entertainment machines, direct management of gaming halls and proprietary AWPs) and d VLT (video lottery terminals) entertainment device networks and management of owned gaming halls and AWPs (Gaming Franchise).

Light & Wonder is principally an electronic gaming machine manufacturer, selling machines to pubs, clubs, and casinos. The firm is licensed in most jurisdictions allowing gambling globally. Light & Wonder is one of the three largest players in the space along with International Game Technology and Aristocrat Leisure. SciPlay, about one fourth of revenue, develops and distributes casual mobile games, principally in the social casino niche. The more nascent iGaming business sits between these two businesses, providing digital content and capabilities to real-money gaming providers.

Caesars Entertainment's stand-alone portfolio includes about 50 domestic gaming properties across the Las Vegas (48% of 2025 EBITDAR) and regional (49%) markets. Additionally, the company hosts managed properties and digital assets that produced marginal EBITDA in 2025. Caesars' US presence roughly doubled with the 2020 acquisition by Eldorado, which built its first casino in Reno, Nevada, in 1973. Caesars' brands include Caesars, Harrah’s, Tropicana, Bally’s, Isle, and Flamingo. Also, the company owns the US portion of William Hill (it sold the international operation in 2022), a digital sports betting platform. The portfolio is set to expand to more than 60 casinos with the proposed acquisition of Caesars by Fertitta Entertainment and its Golden Nugget resorts.

Churchill Downs Inc is a gaming entertainment, online wagering, and racing company. It operates through three business segments: Live and Historical Racing, Wagering Services, and Gaming. The Live and Historical Racing segment includes live and historical pari-mutuel racing. The Wagering Services segment includes the revenue and expenses from pari-mutuel wagers through TwinSpires, companies retail and online sports betting business and Gaming segment includes revenue and expenses for the casino properties and associated racetracks that support the casino license. The Gaming segment generates revenue and expenses from slot machines, video lottery terminals, video poker, HRMs, ancillary food and beverage services, hotel services, commission on pari-mutuel wagering, and racing events.

Super Group (SGHC) Ltd is a holding company that operates online sports betting and gaming businesses. The company's reportable segments are Betway, Spin, and Other. A majority of its revenue is generated from the Betway segment, which is a single-brand online sports betting and casino offering with licenses to operate throughout Europe, the Americas, and Africa. Spin is the company's multi-brand online casino offering, having a diverse portfolio of casino brands such as Jackpot City, Spin Casino, Dream Bingo, Mirror Bingo, etc., designed to be culturally relevant globally while aiming to offer a wide range of casino products. Geographically, the company generates maximum revenue from Africa and Middle East, followed by North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and South/Latin America.

Vail Resorts Inc Bhd is a resorts and casinos company that operates mountain resorts and ski areas. The company has three business segments that include Mountain, Lodging, and Real Estate. The Mountain segment operates numerous ski resort properties that offer a variety of winter and summer activities, such as skiing, snowboarding, snowshoeing, hiking, and mountain biking. The Lodging segment owns and operates hotels and condominiums. The Real Estate segment owns, develops, and leases real estate, typically near its other properties. The company generates the vast majority of its revenue within the United States.

Boyd Gaming Corp is a multi-jurisdictional gaming company. The company operates wholly-owned gaming entertainment properties (casino space, slot machines, table games, and hotel rooms) in Nevada, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. Geographical regions separate its business segments: Las Vegas Locals, Downtown Las Vegas, Midwest and South, and Online. The Midwest and South hold the key number of entertainment properties and generate the majority of the company's revenue.

MGM China is one of six casino license holders in Macao. It operates two integrated resorts: the MGM Macau in the Peninsula and MGM Cotai in Cotai. The company is allowed to operate 750 gaming tables during its new 10-year concession period of 2023-32.

FDJ United is engaged in lottery, sports betting, and online gaming activities. Its offerings include draw and instant lottery games, as well as sports betting services across retail and digital channels. The group operates mainly in France and has expanded internationally through online gaming and betting activities, along with ancillary payment and collection services.

Bains de Mer Monaco is engaged in the gaming, hotel and leasing Industry. The Gaming sector combines the gaming table and slot machine operations at the Monte-Carlo Casino, the Cafe de Paris Casino, the Sun Casino, the Bay Casino, and the Rascasse. The Hotel sector includes all the accommodation and catering activities, the therapy and spa-centre and all the related hotel services provided in its establishments. The Leasing sector combines leasing activities of boutiques, office space and the hotel residence activities of the Monte-Carlo Bay and Balmoral. Bains derives the majority of revenue from the Hotel sector.

An investment in wide-moat-rated Endeavour Group provides investors with exposure to one of the most well entrenched dividend-paying businesses in the Australian retail landscape. Following decades of enduring organic growth through store rollouts, Endeavour's off-premises retail segment—with more than 1,700 retail outlets mainly across its Dan Murphy's and BWS brands—accounts for approximately half of all off-premises retail liquor sales within Australia. Endeavour's immense scale in the off-premises retail segment is unrivalled within Australia. Indeed, Endeavour's sales are almost three times larger than its nearest retail competitor, Coles.

Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corp functions in the United States leisure industry. It owns and manages a cluster of resorts and accommodation facilities under trademarks like Marriott Vacation Club, Grand Residencies, and The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club predominantly in the United States. Some of its properties are also spread across Europe and Asia Pacific. Marriott's majority revenue components include the sale of vacation ownership products such as luxurious vacation packages. In addition, it offers purchase money financing to the end users of its core services. The company operates in two reportable segments: Vacation Ownership and Exchange & Third-Party Management. The majority of revenue is derived from the Vacation Ownership segment.

Entain is an international sports betting and gambling group, formally Entain plc and formerly GVC Holdings, listed on the London Stock Exchange (LON:ENT) and a constituent of the FTSE 250. It was incorporated in Luxembourg in 2004 as Gaming VC Holdings by a group of American investors led by Steve Barlow, to acquire the German-language online casino Casino-Club. It re-registered in the Isle of Man as GVC Holdings in 2010 and is headquartered in Douglas. It grew through acquisitions: Sportingbet in 2012 with William Hill, Bwin.Party Digital Entertainment in 2016 for £1.1 billion, and Ladbrokes Coral, agreed in December 2017 for up to £4 billion. It later bought the Australian bookmaker Neds and the bingo platform Cozy Games. Its brands include Ladbrokes, Coral, bwin, Sportingbet, PartyPoker, Party Casino and Foxy Bingo. In the United States it owns half of BetMGM, formed with MGM Resorts in 2018. Entain reported revenue of £5,325.4 million and operating income of £861.2 million in 2025 and employs about 30,000 people. It is chaired by Pierre Bouchut, with Stella David as chief executive. Revenue comes from betting and gaming margins online and in retail shops.

Wynn Macau operates two integrated casino resorts in Macao, including Wynn Macau on the peninsula and Wynn Palace in Cotai. These properties feature with high-end hotels and brand-name stores, making Wynn an iconic high-end brand. Wynn Resorts has a 71% stake in Wynn Macau.

CIRSA Enterprises is a Spanish gaming and entertainment group founded in Terrassa in 1978. It operates casinos, bingo halls, gaming venues, slot machines, sports betting and regulated online gaming across 11 countries. Consumers use its physical venues and digital wagering products, while hospitality businesses also host machines operated under revenue-sharing arrangements. The company earns gaming revenue from casino play, machine operations, betting and online products, together with related venue services. CIRSA states that its establishments receive more than 50 million visits a year and that the group employs more than 16,000 people. It expanded through acquisitions in Spain, Italy and Latin America, bought Playspace in November 2020 for its interactive operations and began trading on the Spanish stock market in July 2025.

Red Rock Resorts Inc along with its subsidiary is a gaming, development and management company that develops and operates strategically-located casino and entertainment properties. Its casino properties are conveniently located throughout the Las Vegas valley and provide its customers a wide variety of entertainment and dining options. The majority of revenue is derived from Casinos, followed by Food and Beverages, Rooms and others.

Sankyo Co Ltd manufactures and sells pachinko and pachislot machines to the gambling industry. The company operates through three segments. The Pachinko Machine Related Business involves the manufacture and sale of pachinko machines, gauge boards, related parts, and associated royalty operations. The Pachislot Machine Related Business focuses on producing and selling pachislot machines and related components, as well as engaging in royalty activities. The Supply Equipment Related Business handles the installation and sale of pachinko and pachislot supply equipment, card systems, and hall peripherals, supported by royalty income. The Others segment covers non-reportable activities such as real estate leasing and the sale of general molded parts.

Ballys Intralot SA is a iGaming operator and a world-wide provider of lottery solutions. The company enables operators to modernize their retail and digital offerings, deliver personalized and responsible player experiences, and operate with greater agility and efficiency in an increasingly converging gaming ecosystem. Its products and services include: B2C operations, Gambling Solutions, Betting Solutions, Lottery Solution and Digital Transformation.

Rush Street Interactive Inc is an online gaming and entertainment company that focuses on online casinos and online sports betting in the U.S. and Latin American markets. It provides customers with an array of gaming offerings such as real-money online casinos, online sports betting, and retail sports betting, as well as social gaming, which involves free-to-play games that use virtual credits that can be earned or purchased. The company generates revenue by offering online casinos, online sports betting, and social gaming directly to the end customer through its websites or apps. The company generates revenue through business-to-consumer (B2C) and business-to-business (B2B) models.

Kangwon Land Inc is a casino and resort company. The business has six business segments that include Casino, Hotel, Holiday Unit, Golf Course, Skiing Ground, and Other. Kangwon operates numerous resorts and casinos that have table games and slot machines. The company's resorts also have condominium units. The Golf Course segment generates revenue from courses the company has built around its resorts. The Skiing Grounds segment is engaged in skiing tickets and rentals through the company's integrated ski resort. The Other business segment controls interests such as Kangwon's theme park. Kangwon Land generates the vast majority of its revenue in South Korea.

Monarch Casino & Resort Inc is engaged in providing the latest gaming, dining, and hospitality amenities. It owns and operates the Atlantis Casino Resort Spa, a hotel/casino facility in Reno, Nevada, and the Monarch Black Hawk Casino in Black Hawk. The company generates the majority of its revenue from Casinos, followed by Food & Beverage and Hotel Operations.

PENN Entertainment is an American casino and online betting operator headquartered in Wyomissing, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1982 as PNRC Corp., reorganized and renamed Penn National Gaming in 1994, and took its current name in August 2022. It operates 43 properties in 20 states under brands including Hollywood Casino, Ameristar, Boomtown and L'Auberge, and it runs online sports betting and iCasino through theScore Bet and, until 2025, ESPN Bet. The company earns revenue mainly from casino gaming, with further income from food, beverage and hotel operations and from its interactive segment. It reported revenue of about USD 6.5 billion and net income of USD 222 million in 2022, with 21,875 employees. Its growth came largely through acquisitions, including Pinnacle Entertainment for USD 2.8 billion in 2018 and Score Media and Gaming for about USD 2 billion in 2021, and in August 2023 it agreed a ten-year, USD 2 billion licensing deal with ESPN that was terminated in November 2025.

Central Plaza Hotel PCL is a resorts and casino company that is engaged in hotel operations. The company has two primary business segments: Hotel and Related Service Operation and Food and Ice-Cream Operations. The Hotel and Related Service Operation segment manages a variety of hotels and resorts. The Food and Ice-Cream Operations segment manages fast food and quick-service restaurants. The business is a franchisee of fast food restaurant chains. The company earns the vast majority of its revenue in Thailand and also has its presence in Japan and Republic of Maldives.

AGTech Holdings Ltd is an investment holding company that operates in three segments namely Digital payment and related businesses, Digital banking business, Lottery business. The business offers digital payment services, including e-wallets, card services, merchant acquiring, and POS terminal sales mainly in Macau. It provides digital banking for individuals and SMEs, covering deposits, loans, remittances, wealth management, and insurance services. It also engages in internet securities investment and cross-border financial services. Additionally, the company operates a lottery business involving hardware sales, leasing, and offline distribution in Mainland China.

Hacksaw AB (publ) is a B2B technology platform and game development company. The group operates in the iGaming industry, developing, producing, and licensing fully integrated slots, scratch cards, and instant win games to online gaming operators. Hacksaw is a B2B supplier whose customers are online gaming operators in the iGaming industry.

Tabcorp is essentially a pure-play Australian wagering operator, with exclusive rights to physical wagering at venues (pubs, clubs, and racecourses) and also a digital offering. Tabcorp operates through principally through two segments: wagering and media and gaming services. The firm conducts wagering activities under the TAB brand both online and physically in every Australian state and territory other than Western Australia, reaching 90% of the population through a network of retail venues. In addition, Integrity Services provides services to electronic gaming machine venues.

Genting Bhd is a diversified holdings company operating in the resorts and casinos industry. The company's primary business segment is Leisure & Hospitality, but the business has several smaller segments: Plantation, Power, Property, and Oil & Gas. The Leisure & Hospitality segment operates numerous resorts across various countries, many of which have casinos, theme parks, concerts, restaurants, and retail shopping locations. Additionally, the company has diversified segments, which control farmland, oil and gas, and real estate. The company generates the vast majority of its revenue from Malaysia and Singapore.

NagaCorp Ltd is an investment holding company involved in the resorts and casino industry. The company has two business segments, Casino Operations; and Hotel and Entertainment Operations. The Casino Operations business, that generates maximum revenue, manages gaming activities, the company's flagship resort, NagaWorld. The resort has a variety of gaming halls, shopping galleries, restaurants, and meeting spaces. Furthermore, it contains segments of both gaming tables and electronic gaming machines. The Hotel and Entertainment Operations segment manages the hotel and leisure businesses of the company. NagaCorp generates the vast majority of its revenue in Cambodia.

Playtech PLC specializes in gambling software for various online gambling networks that include online casinos, online bingo, mobile gaming, and online sports betting. The company's open platform software allows customers to build and market casino games that include blackjack, baccarat, slots, and roulette. The company's business segments are gaming B2B and B2C - Snaitech, B2C - Sun Bingo and Other B2C, and B2C - HAPPYBET. The company generates majority of its revenue from B2B segment. It generates majority of revenue from Italy.

Heiwa Holdings Inc operates as a holding company. Along with its subsidiary, it is engaged in the Golf business and Gaming machine business.

Betsson AB is a holding company that invests in and manages companies operating in the online gaming industry. The products consist of casino, which generates maximum revenue, sportsbook, and other products. The main category of the casino is slots, or virtual slot machines, followed by the live casino, which provides the player with a virtual, real-life-like casino experience with table games broadcast live from the game provider's studio. Company's brands include either the entire product portfolio, such as Betsson, Betsafe, and Nordicbet, or just one product, such as Racebets (betting on horses) and Jalla Casino (casino). The brands' services are offered through the proprietary platform that manages payments, customer information, accounts, transactions and a range of games on offer.

SJM Holdings is one of six casino license holders in Macao. It operates Grand Lisboa casino in the peninsula and Grand Lisboa Palace in Cotai, as well as another three self-promoted casinos Casino Lisboa, Oceanus, and Jai Alai. In addition to these casinos, SJM also aims to acquire two of its satellite casinos L'Arc Macau and Casino Ponte 16, and convert them to self-promoted casinos by the end of 2025.

Tsuburaya Fields Holdings Inc formelry, Field Corp is a Japanese company which primarily develops and distributes gaming machines. The company designs, develops, sells, and maintains Pachinko and Pachislot gaming machines and software. In addition to its core gaming machine business, the company produces, licenses, and merchandises comics, movies, and interactive media content. Field Corp organises itself into four segments: comics, animation, movies/TV, and merchandising. The company is headquartered in Japan and generates all revenue domestically.

ZEAL Network SE is an e-commerce group of companies company specializing in the area of online lottery. The company offers consumer-facing lottery-based games as well as business-to-business solutions. The operating business segments are Germany and Other. The ZEAL group now has more than one million active customers. ZEAL allows the participation in state-licensed lotteries via the LOTTO24 and Tipp24 brands and also offers its own lottery products. ZEAL operates under its owns brands namely ZEAL Instant Games, ZEAL Ventures and ZEAL Iberia.

Accel Entertainment Inc is a distributed gaming and local entertainment operator in the United States. It is engaged in the installation, maintenance, operation, and servicing of gaming terminals and related equipment, redemption devices that disburse winnings and contain automated teller machine (ATM) functionality, and amusement devices in authorized non-casino locations such as restaurants, bars, taverns, convenience stores, liquor stores, truck stops, and grocery stores. The Company also operates stand-alone ATMs in gaming and non-gaming locations. It generates revenue from Net gaming, Amusement, Manufacturing, ATM fees, and others.

Tokyotokeiba Co Ltd is a gambling company primarily engaged in horse racing. The company has four major business segments: public competition, amusement park, warehouse leasing, and service. The public competition segment operates horse and auto race tracks. The amusement park segment operates Tokyo Summerland. The warehouse leasing segment leases logistics warehouses, and the service segment leases commercial facilities. The company generates the vast majority of its revenue in Japan.

IFA Hotels & Resorts Co KSCC is engaged in the development and operations of mixed-use hotel and tourism resort projects and luxury leisure services. In addition, it invests in the land; and engages in property development activities. The company operates in four reportable segments namely property development, hospitality, investments, and others. The majority of the revenue is generated from the hospitality segment. Its geographical segments include Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates & Asia, Africa and others, of which the majority of revenue comes from the United Arab Emirates & Asia.