Dalmia Bharat Sugar Valuation Multiples

Aramco, officially the Saudi Arabian Oil Company, is the majority state-owned national oil and gas company of Saudi Arabia, headquartered in Dhahran. It explores for, produces, refines and markets crude oil, natural gas, refined products, petrochemicals and lubricants, and has the world's largest proven crude oil reserves, at more than 270 billion barrels, and the largest daily oil production of any company. It manages over one hundred oil and gas fields, including Ghawar, the largest onshore oil field, and Safaniya, the largest offshore field, and operates the Master Gas System; its 2024 production totalled 12.7 million barrels of oil equivalent a day. It also owns 70% of the chemicals maker SABIC, bought from the Public Investment Fund in 2020, and refining ventures in Saudi Arabia and abroad. In 2024 it reported revenue of US$480.4 billion and net income of US$106.2 billion, with more than 75,000 employees. The company began on 29 May 1933 as California-Arabian Standard Oil, a subsidiary of Standard Oil of California, struck commercial oil at Dammam No. 7 in 1938 and was renamed Arabian American Oil Co. in 1944; a November 1988 royal decree created the Saudi Arabian Oil Company to take over the former Aramco assets. Its shares have traded on the Saudi Exchange since December 2019, with the government owning about 82%, the Public Investment Fund 12% and Sanabil 4%.

ExxonMobil is an integrated oil and gas company that explores for, produces, and refines oil worldwide. In 2025, it produced 3.3 million barrels of liquids and 8.4 billion cubic feet of natural gas per day. At the end of 2025, reserves were 19.3 billion barrels of oil equivalent, 69% of which were liquids. The company is one of the world's largest refiners, with a total global refining capacity of 4.1 million barrels of oil per day, and is one of the world's largest manufacturers of commodity and specialty chemicals.

Chevron is an integrated energy company with exploration, production, and refining operations worldwide. It is the second-largest oil company in the United States with production of 3.0 million of barrels of oil equivalent a day, including 7.7 million cubic feet a day of natural gas and 1.7 million of barrels of liquids a day. Production activities take place in North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia. Its refineries are in the US and Asia for total refining capacity of 1.8 million barrels of oil a day. Proven reserves at year-end 2024 stood at 9.8 billion barrels of oil equivalent, including 5.1 billion barrels of liquids and 28.4 trillion cubic feet of natural gas.

The Coca-Cola Company is a United States beverage company headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. It owns and markets a global portfolio of sparkling soft drinks, water, sports drinks, juice, dairy, plant-based beverages, tea and coffee brands. Its principal brands include Coca-Cola, Sprite, Fanta, Dasani, Powerade, Minute Maid and Costa. The company generally manufactures concentrates and syrups and works with independent and company-owned bottling partners that produce, package and distribute finished beverages. It serves consumers through retailers, restaurants, entertainment venues and other commercial channels in markets around the world. Revenue comes from sales of concentrates, syrups and finished beverages, together with related brand and distribution activity. The company is publicly listed and traces the Coca-Cola drink to 1886. During Beatrice’s post-buyout breakup, Coca-Cola acquired the former Beatrice soft-drink bottling operations in 1986.

PetroChina, the national champion that inherited the majority of Chinese onshore oil and gas assets, has developed into an international supermajor. In 2024, it produced more than 1.7 billion barrels of oil equivalent of oil and gas, and processed 1.4 billion barrels of crude oil. It also has more than 22,000 service stations. The fluctuations in the prices of crude oil, refined products, chemical products, and natural gas have a significant impact on PetroChina’s revenue. State-owned China National Petroleum Corp is PetroChina’s controlling shareholder with a stake of more than 82%.

Shell is an integrated oil and gas company that explores for, produces, and refines oil around the world. In 2025, it produced 1.5 million barrels of liquids and 7.3 billion cubic feet of natural gas per day. At end-2025, reserves stood at 8.1 billion barrels of oil equivalent, 44% of which consisted of liquids. Its production and reserves are in Europe, Asia, Oceania, Africa, and North and South America. The company operates refineries with a capacity of 1.4 mmb/d located in the Americas, Asia, and Europe, and sells about 9 million tons per year of chemicals. Its largest chemical plants, often integrated with its local refineries, are in NorthWestern Europe, China, and North America.

With a 150-year-plus history, Nestle is the largest food and beverage manufacturer in the world by sales, generating roughly CHF 90 billion in annual revenue. Its diverse product portfolio includes brands such as Nescafe, Maggi, Nespresso, and Purina. The company employs 270,000 people around the world and has a vast portfolio of global products, with more than 30 brands each achieving more than CHF 1 billion in sales annually and a geographic presence that spans 185 countries.

TotalEnergies is an integrated oil and gas company that explores for, produces, and refines oil around the world. In 2024, it produced 1.5 million barrels of liquids and 5.2 billion cubic feet of natural gas per day. At the end of 2024, reserves stood at 11.1 billion barrels of oil equivalent, 54% of which are liquids. During 2024, it had LNG sales of 39.8 million metric tons. The company owns interests in refineries with a capacity of nearly 1.8 million barrels a day, primarily in Europe, distributes refined products in 65 countries, and manufactures commodity and specialty chemicals. At year-end, its gross installed renewable power generation capacity was 26 gigawatts.

PepsiCo is a global food and beverage company whose portfolio includes Pepsi, Lay’s, Doritos, Cheetos, Gatorade, Quaker and SodaStream. It develops, manufactures, markets and distributes branded snacks, drinks, cereals and convenient foods in more than 200 countries and territories. Operations span company-owned manufacturing and bottling, franchise bottlers, direct-store delivery, warehouse distribution and food-service channels. Retailers, restaurants and distributors buy packaged products for resale, while consumers purchase the brands through grocery, convenience, hospitality and online channels. The group combines global brand development with regional product recipes, local production and route-to-market networks. Revenue is generated primarily through product sales and wholesale distribution to trade customers.

ConocoPhillips is a US-based independent exploration and production firm. Its operations are primarily in Alaska and the Lower 48, with footprints in Canada, Europe, Asia-Pacific, the Middle East, and Africa. It also has substantial integrated LNG production and marketing activities across geographies.

Anheuser-Busch InBev is a global brewing group based in Leuven, Belgium, with publicly traded shares and American depositary receipts. The company produces, markets and distributes beer across a broad portfolio of international and local brands. Important brands include Budweiser, Corona, Stella Artois, Beck’s, Hoegaarden and numerous regional products. Its revenue derives primarily from beverage sales through wholesale, retail and hospitality distribution channels. The group was formed through the combination of InBev and Anheuser-Busch and operates across both developed and emerging markets. Its business model combines large-scale brewing and distribution with local consumer brands and international brand investment. AB InBev sold Oriental Brewery in 2009 as part of its deleveraging programme and agreed to reacquire the South Korean brewer in 2014. The transaction brought Cass and Oriental Brewery’s domestic operations back into its Asia-Pacific business.

NextEra Energy's regulated utility, Florida Power & Light, is the largest rate-regulated utility in Florida. The utility distributes power to over 6 million customer accounts in Florida and owns 36 gigawatts of generation. FP&L contributes roughly 70% of NextEra's consolidated operating earnings. NextEra Energy Resources, the renewable energy segment, generates and sells power throughout the United States and Canada with nearly 40 GW of generation capacity, including natural gas, nuclear, wind, and solar.

Iberdrola is one of the largest utilities in the world with electric utility operations in nearly 40 countries. The company has a 57-gigawatt portfolio of hydro, wind, natural gas, and nuclear power plants. It is one of the largest owners of wind farms in the world, representing about 40% of its portfolio. Although the company has recently developed or acquired distribution and power generation assets in other geographic areas, Spain is still home to more than half of its power generation capacity. Iberdrola also owns and operates electricity and distribution networks in Spain, the UK, Brazil, and the US.

Petrobras is a Brazil-based integrated energy company controlled by the Brazilian government. The company focuses on the exploration and production of oil and gas in Brazilian offshore fields. Production in 2025 was 3.0 million barrels of oil equivalent per day (80% oil), and reserves stood at 12.1 billion boe (84% oil). At the end of 2025, Petrobras operated 10 refineries in Brazil with a capacity of 1.8 million barrels per day and distributed refined products and natural gas throughout the country.

China Shenhua Energy Co Ltd is a globally integrated coal-based energy company, mainly engaging in business segments: Coal, Power generation, Shipping, railway, port, and Coal chemical. Focusing on its core coal mining operation, China Shenhua leverages its self-developed transportation and sales network as well as downstream power plants, coal-to-chemicals facilities, and new energy projects to achieve cross-sector and cross-industry integrated development and operation.

CNOOC is China's main offshore oil and gas exploration and production company. Through its parent company, it has exclusive rights to partner with foreign companies in offshore China projects. Net production for 2024 reached 726.8 million barrels of oil equivalent (78.0% oil), and year-end proven reserves were 7.27 billion barrels of oil equivalent. Assets outside China make up around 32.2% of production.

Unilever is a diversified beauty, wellbeing, and personal care (44% of 2024 sales by value), homecare (20%), and packaged food (36%) company. Its brands include Dove personal-care products, Knorr soups and sauces, Hellmann's mayonnaise, Axe and Rexona deodorants, and TRESemme haircare. The firm has been acquisitive in recent years; notable purchases include Paula's Choice, Liquid I.V., Horlicks, and Wild deodorants. The company derives 58% of its sales from emerging markets and 42% from developed markets. The US is its largest market, accounting for around 20% of sales, followed by India, which accounts for 11% of sales.

Marathon Petroleum is an independent refiner with 13 refineries in the mid continent, West Coast, and Gulf Coast of the United States with total throughput capacity of 3.0 million barrels per day. Its Dickinson, North Dakota, facility produces 184 million gallons a year of renewable diesel. Its Martinez, California, facility has the ability to produce 730 million gallons a year of renewable diesel. The firm also owns and operates midstream assets primarily through its listed master limited partnership, MPLX.

Valero Energy is one of the largest independent refiners in the United States. It operates 15 refineries, with a total throughput capacity of 3.2 million barrels a day in the US, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Valero also owns 12 ethanol plants with capacity of 1.6 billion gallons a year and holds a 50% stake in Diamond Green Diesel, which can produce 1.2 billion gallons per year of renewable diesel.

BP is an integrated energy company that explores for, produces, and refines oil and gas around the world. In 2025, it produced 1.2 million barrels of liquids and 6.5 billion cubic feet of natural gas per day. At the end of 2025, proved hydrocarbon reserves stood at 6.2 billion barrels of oil equivalent, 56% of which are liquids. The company operates refineries with a total crude distillation capacity of 1.56 million barrels of oil per day.

Phillips 66 is an independent refiner that owns or holds interest in 10 refineries with a total crude throughput capacity of 1.9 million barrels per day, or mmb/d, at the end of 2025. The midstream segment comprises extensive transportation and NGL processing assets. It includes 70,000 miles of crude oil, refined petroleum product, NGL and natural gas pipeline systems, and a comprehensive set of refined petroleum product, NGL and crude oil terminals, gathering and processing plants and fractionation facilities and various other storage and loading facilities. Its CPChem chemical joint venture operates facilities primarily in the United States and the Middle East and produces olefins and polyolefins.

Canadian Natural Resources is the largest producer of oil and the second-largest producer of natural gas in Canada. It is principally involved in extracting heavy oils, natural gas, and bitumen through its drilling and mining operations. Bitumen from mining operations is upgraded into synthetic crude oil. Commodities produced are primarily exported to the US via pipeline. The company also has smaller offshore production operations in the North Sea and Africa.

Equinor is a Norway-based integrated oil and gas company. It has been publicly listed since 2001, but the government retains a 67% stake. Operating primarily on the Norwegian Continental Shelf, the firm produced 2.1 million barrels of oil equivalent per day in 2025 (50% liquids) and ended 2025 with 5.2 billion barrels of proven reserves (45% liquids). Operations also include oil refineries and natural gas processing, marketing, and trading. The renewables portfolio includes offshore and onshore wind and solar, with total power generation of 5.65 TWh in 2025.

China Yangtze Power Co Ltd business activities include hydroelectric power generation, power distribution and sales, overseas power station's operation, management, consultation services, investment, and financing. It has also established its power distribution and sales platforms such as Three Gorges Water Conservancy and Peru LuzdelSur. The company owns the power generation assets of four hydropower plants on the mainstream of the Yangtze River, namely Three Gorges, Gezhouba, Xiluodu, and Xiangjiaba.

Enel is an Italian multinational electricity and gas utility headquartered in Rome and listed on the FTSE MIB index of Borsa Italiana. The group reports total capacity of 92.1 GW, a distribution grid of 1.9 million kilometres and 54.0 million customers worldwide. Its renewables business, Enel Green Power, operates a total capacity of 67 GW across wind, solar, geothermal, hydro and storage in Europe, the Americas, Africa, Asia and Oceania. Enel Grids runs the distribution networks that supply more than 69 million end users. The company was established as a public body in 1962. It has been an active buyer and seller of businesses, from US energy storage software to the 2022 exit from Russian generation and its 2023 agreement to sell its Romanian operations.

Constellation Energy Corp producer of carbon-free energy and a supplier of energy products and services. The company offers generating capacity that includes nuclear, wind, solar, natural gas, and hydroelectric assets. It sells electricity, natural gas, and other energy-related products and sustainable solutions to various types of customers, including distribution utilities, municipalities, cooperatives, and commercial, industrial, public sector, and residential customers in markets across multiple geographic regions. Its operating segments and reporting units are Mid-Atlantic, Midwest, New York, ERCOT, and Other Power Regions.

Suncor Energy Inc is an integrated energy company. The company's operations include oil sands development, production and upgrading, offshore oil production, petroleum refining in Canada and the U.S., and the company's Petro-Canada retail and wholesale distribution networks. The company is developing petroleum resources while advancing the transition to a low-emissions future through investment in power, and renewable fuels. It also conducts energy trading activities focused principally on the marketing and trading of crude oil, natural gas, byproducts, refined products and power. The company's operating segments include Oil Sands, Exploration & Production, Refining & Marketing (R&M), and Corporate & eliminations. Geographically, the company generates a majority of its revenue from Canada.

Monster Beverage is a leader in the energy drink category within the nonalcoholic ready-to-drink beverage market, generating two thirds of revenue in the US and Canada. The well-known Monster trademark includes brands such as Monster Energy, Monster Ultra, Java Monster, and Juice Monster. The firm also owns other energy drink brands, such as Reign, NOS, Burn, Bang and Mother, and brews and distributes beers and flavored malt beverages following the acquisition of a craft brewer in 2022. Monster controls branding and innovation but outsources beverage manufacturing and packaging to copackers and finished goods distribution to bottlers in the global Coca-Cola system (pursuant to a 20-year agreement inked in 2015). Coke is the largest shareholder of Monster with a 19.5% stake.

Eni is an Italian integrated energy company headquartered in Rome, founded in 1953 and listed on Borsa Italiana and the New York Stock Exchange. It has more than 30,000 employees in 68 countries and operates across oil and gas exploration and production, refining and marketing of oil products and biofuels, power generation and retail, renewable energy, and chemical and bio-based products. Its satellite model places businesses such as Plenitude, Enilive and Versalis in separate companies, some of which have admitted outside investors. Eni states a goal of net zero emissions by 2050. It reported 2025 revenue of EUR 82,151 million and an operating profit of EUR 5,010 million. Its venture arm Eni Next invests in energy transition start-ups.

EOG Resources is an oil and gas producer with acreage in several US shale plays, primarily in the Permian Basin and the Eagle Ford. At the end of 2024, it reported net proven reserves of 4.7 billion barrels of oil equivalent. Net production averaged roughly 1,232 thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day in 2025 at a ratio of 69% oil and natural gas liquids and 31% natural gas.

Mondelez has operated independently since its split from the former Kraft Foods North American grocery business in October 2012. The firm is a leading player in the global snack enclave with a presence in the biscuit (49% of sales as of the end of fiscal 2024), chocolate (31%), gum/candy (11%), beverage (3%), and cheese and grocery (6%) aisles. Mondelez's portfolio includes well-known brands like Oreo, Chips Ahoy, Halls, and Cadbury. The firm derives around one-third of its revenue from developing markets, more than one-third from Europe, and the remainder from North America.

American Electric Power is one of the largest regulated utilities in the United States, providing electricity generation, transmission, and distribution to more than 5 million customers in 11 states. About 39% of AEP's capacity is coal, with the remainder from a mix of natural gas (28%), renewable energy and hydro (23%), nuclear (7%), and demand response (3%). Vertically integrated utilities, transmission and distribution, and generation and marketing support earnings.

ADNOC Gas PLC is an integrated gas processing company. The Company is responsible for producing, processing, distributing, and marketing natural gas and its derivatives in the UAE and abroad. The company Gas operates a network of pipelines, processing plants, storage facilities, and export terminals that supply gas to various sectors, including power generation, water desalination, petrochemicals, industries, and households. The Company also exports liquefied natural gas (LNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to regional and international markets.

Imperial Oil Ltd is an integrated oil company active in all phases of the petroleum industry in Canada, including the exploration for, and production and sale of, crude oil, natural gas, petroleum products, and petrochemicals. It also pursues lower-emission business opportunities, including carbon capture and storage, hydrogen, lower-emission fuels, and lithium. The company's reportable segments are Upstream, Downstream, and Chemical. Maximum revenue for the company is generated from its Downstream segment, which refines crude oil into petroleum products and distributes and market these products. The Upstream segment explores and produces crude oil, its equivalents, and natural gas, and the Chemical segment manufactures and markets hydrocarbon-based chemicals and chemical products.

Engie is a French energy and utility group headquartered near Paris and formed from the merger of Gaz de France and Suez. It develops and operates electricity generation, gas infrastructure, renewable energy, district heating and cooling and energy-services businesses for companies, public authorities and consumers. Revenue comes from power and gas sales, regulated and contracted infrastructure income and long-term energy-service agreements. The company has expanded district-cooling operations across the Middle East as part of its lower-carbon infrastructure strategy. Its acquisition of a 40% Tabreed interest created a strategic partnership with Mubadala in a regional cooling network operator. Engie serves B2B, B2C and B2G customers through activities spanning Utilities, Energy Production, Renewable Energy and Energy Services.

Occidental Petroleum is an independent exploration and production company with operations in the United States, Latin America, and the Middle East. At the end of 2024, the company reported net proved reserves of 4.6 billion barrels of oil equivalent. Net production averaged 1.326 million barrels of oil equivalent per day in 2024 at a ratio of roughly 52% oil and natural gas liquids and 48% natural gas.

Cenovus Energy Inc is a Canadian integrated energy group. The group's upstream operations include oil sands projects in northern Alberta; thermal and conventional crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids (NGLs) projects across Western Canada; crude oil production offshore Newfoundland and Labrador; and natural gas and NGLs production offshore China and Indonesia. Its downstream operations include upgrading and refining operations in Canada and the U.S., and commercial fuel operations across Canada. The group's reportable segments are: Oil Sands, Conventional, Offshore, Canadian Refining, U.S Refining, and Corporate and Eliminations. Maximum revenue is generated from its Oil Sands segment. Geographically, the group derives maximum revenue from the U.S., followed by Canada and China.

Founded in 1996, Nongfu Spring is a leading beverage producer with products primarily in the packaged water, ready-to-drink tea, juice, coffee, and functional beverages sectors in China. It holds the number-one share in the bottled water market; this segment contributed approximately 40% of the firm’s revenue and EBIT in 2024.

Cheniere Energy is a liquified natural gas, or LNG, producer with two facilities in Corpus Christi, Texas and Sabine Pass, Louisiana. It generates most of its revenue through long-term contracts with customers on a fixed and variable fee payout structure. It also generates revenue by selling uncontracted LNG to customers on a short or one-time basis. A subsidiary, Cheniere Energy Partners, owns the Sabine Pass facility and trades as a master limited partnership.

Diamondback is a crude oil and natural gas exploration and production firm whose operations represent a pure-play in the US Permian Basin. The company went public in 2012 and has established itself as a top-tier independent producer through disciplined acquisition and operational excellence. The company's most transformational transaction occurred in September 2024 with the completion of its $26 billion merger with Endeavor Energy Resources, which added around 470,000 net acres and doubled Diamondback's total acreage position. Diamondback boasts an enviable position in the Midland sub-basin, with some of the lowest unit costs among its Permian peers.

Devon Energy is an oil and gas producer with acreage in several top US shale plays. While roughly two-thirds of its production comes from the Permian Basin, it also holds a meaningful presence in the Anadarko, Eagle Ford, and Bakken basins. If the merger with Coterra is successful, it will have a foothold in the gas-driven Appalachian Basin, as well. At the end of 2025, Devon reported net proved reserves of 2.4 billion barrels of oil equivalent, up from 2.2 billion in 2024. Net production averaged roughly 840,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day in 2025 at a ratio of 73% oil and natural gas liquids and 27% natural gas.

Vistra Corp. is one of the largest power producers and retail energy providers in the US. It owns 44 gigawatts of generation capacity, including natural gas (27 GW), nuclear (6.5 GW), coal (8.7 GW), and solar and battery storage (1.3 GW). The Cogentrix acquisition will add 5.5 GW of gas generation. Vistra's retail electricity business serves 5 million customers in 20 states, including almost a third of all Texas electricity consumers. Vistra emerged from the Energy Future Holdings bankruptcy as a stand-alone entity in 2016.

BASF is one of the world’s leading chemical companies. It's headquartered in Germany near the Rhine River, which helps with logistics-related savings. Founded in 1865, it produces a vast array of chemicals, plastics, resins, and agricultural solutions. While the company serves multiple industries, it most prominently serves the automotive, agricultural, construction, and pharmaceutical industries. BASF is a first mover in the energy transition and aims to rapidly expand its recycled and bio-based product portfolio.

RWE is a German integrated energy company focused on renewable generation, flexible power, storage, trading, and electricity supply. The organization serves B2B, B2C, B2G customers and counterparties through the operating assets, products, or financial capabilities described in the cited transaction materials. Its principal economics are Services, while its competitive position depends on sector expertise, asset quality, customer relationships, execution, and disciplined capital allocation. The business was founded in 1898 and is headquartered in Essen. The 2022 mandatory-convertible issuance financed RWE’s acquisition of Con Edison Clean Energy Businesses and made QIA a strategic shareholder. The profile reflects the legal or operating business at the transaction date, including its historical identity where a subsequent listing, merger, privatization, disposal, or reorganization changed its name or ownership.

CCEP is the second-largest bottling partner in the Coca-Cola system by volume, behind Coca-Cola Femsa, and primarily operates in developed Europe, Australasia, and Southeast Asia. In 2025, CCEP sold 3.9 billion unit cases of beverages, which we estimate equates to roughly 9% of the global Coke system volume.TCCC owns 19% of the equity of CCEP, Olive Partners, a holding company of bottling operations, owns a further 36%, and the remaining 45% is free float.

Grupo Nutresa SA is a processed food company that operates through eight business units: Cold Cuts, Biscuits, Chocolates, Tresmontes Lucchetti, Coffee, Retail Food, Ice Cream, and Pasta. The company's revenue comes from food products, Beverage, and others. The majority of the company's production and sales take place in Colombia.

Keurig Dr Pepper was established in 2018 following a merger between Keurig Green Mountain Coffee and Dr Pepper Snapple. The company manufactures and distributes coffee systems (including coffee brewers and single-serve coffee pods) under the Keurig and Green Mountain brands, as well as ready-to-drink beverages including flavored (non-cola) sparkling soft drinks under well-known brands such as Dr Pepper, Snapple, and Canada Dry. The company controls production and route to market for its own brands through in-house manufacturing plants and distribution infrastructure and leverages these facilities to manufacture and distribute for third-party coffee and beverage brands via licensing and partnership agreements. The US and Canada make up 95% of revenue, with the rest from Mexico.

Orlen SA is an energy conglomerate that refines and distributes oil in Poland, the Czech Republic, Germany, and Lithuania. Through a group of refineries, it processes crude oil into gasoline, diesel oil, fuel oil, and aviation fuel. The company also produces petrochemicals and products used by chemical companies as feedstock. Additional operations include exploration and production activities in Poland, where it is domiciled, and Canada. Oil products are offered through thousands of service stations, which is supported by logistics infrastructure. This infrastructure includes surface and underground storage depots and a long-distance pipeline network.