Quality Online Education Valuation Multiples

Nvidia is a leading developer of graphics processing units. Traditionally, GPUs were used to enhance the experience on computing platforms, most notably in gaming applications on PCs. GPU use cases have since emerged as important semiconductors used in artificial intelligence to run large language models. Nvidia not only offers AI GPUs, but also a software platform, Cuda, used for AI model development and training. Nvidia is also expanding its data center networking solutions, helping to tie GPUs together to handle complex workloads.

Alphabet is a holding company that wholly owns internet giant Google. The California-based company derives slightly less than 90% of its revenue from Google services, the vast majority of which is advertising sales. Alongside online ads, Google services houses sales stemming from Google’s subscription services (YouTube TV and YouTube Music, among others), platforms (sales and in-app purchases on Play Store), and devices (Chromebooks, Pixel smartphones, and smart home products such as Chromecast). Google’s cloud computing platform accounts for roughly 10% of Alphabet’s revenue. The firm’s investments in up-and-coming technologies such as self-driving cars (Waymo), health (Verily), and internet access (Google Fiber) make up the rest.

Microsoft develops and licenses consumer and enterprise software. It is known for its Windows operating systems and Office productivity suite. The company is organized into three equally sized broad segments: productivity and business processes (legacy Microsoft Office, cloud-based Office 365, Exchange, SharePoint, Skype, LinkedIn, Dynamics), intelligence cloud (infrastructure- and platform-as-a-service offerings Azure, Windows Server OS, SQL Server), and more personal computing (Windows Client, Xbox, Bing search, display advertising, and Surface laptops, tablets, and desktops).

Amazon is the leading online retailer and marketplace for third party sellers. Retail related revenue represents approximately 74% of total, followed by Amazon Web Services (17%), and advertising services (9%). International segments constitute 22% of Amazon's total revenue, led by Germany, the United Kingdom, and Japan.

Meta is the largest social media company in the world, boasting close to 4 billion monthly active users worldwide. The firm's "Family of Apps," its core business, consists of Facebook, Instagram, Messenger, and WhatsApp. End users can leverage these applications for a variety of different purposes, from keeping in touch with friends to following celebrities and running digital businesses for free. Meta packages customer data, gleaned from its application ecosystem and sells ads to digital advertisers. While the firm has been investing heavily in its Reality Labs business, it remains a very small part of Meta’s overall sales.

Micron is one of the largest semiconductor companies in the world, specializing in memory and storage chips. Its primary revenue stream comes from dynamic random access memory, or DRAM, and it also has minority exposure to not-and or NAND, flash chips. Micron serves a global customer base, selling chips into data centers, mobile phones, consumer electronics, and industrial and automotive applications. The firm is vertically integrated.

Advanced Micro Devices designs a variety of digital semiconductors for markets such as PCs, gaming consoles, data centers (including artificial intelligence), industrial, and automotive applications. AMD’s traditional strength was in central processing units and graphics processing units used in PCs and data centers. However, AMD is emerging as a prominent player in AI GPUs and related hardware. Additionally, the firm supplies the chips found in prominent game consoles such as the Sony PlayStation and Microsoft Xbox.

SK hynix is a semiconductor memory manufacturer with around 60%-70% of its revenue from DRAM and 30%-35% of its revenue from NAND. The company is both the second-largest DRAM and NAND supplier globally with a 33% and 21% market share, respectively, as of 2024. SK Hynix increased its market position in NAND from fourth to second, after acquiring Intel's NAND business in 2021. SK Square, an investment management company spun off from SK Telecom, is SK Hynix's largest shareholder and currently holds 20% of the company's shares.

Oracle provides enterprise applications and infrastructure offerings through a variety of flexible IT deployment models, including on-premises, cloud-based, and hybrid. Founded in 1977, Oracle pioneered the first commercial SQL-based relational database management system, which is commonly used by the world’s largest companies for high-volume online transaction processing workloads. Besides databases, Oracle also sells enterprise resource planning platforms and cloud infrastructure that play an increasingly important role in large language model training and inferencing.

Palantir is an artificial intelligence, analytics, and automated decision-making company that leverages data to drive efficiency across its clients' organizations. The firm serves commercial and government clients via its Foundry and Gotham platforms, respectively. Palantir works only with entities in Western-allied nations and reserves the right not to work with anyone that is antithetical to Western values. The company was founded in 2003 and went public in 2020.

Arm Holdings is the IP owner and developer of the ARM architecture, which is used in 99% of the world’s smartphone CPU cores, and it also has high market share in other battery-powered devices like wearables, tablets, or sensors. Arm licenses its architecture for a fee, offering different types of licenses depending on the flexibility the customer needs. Customers like Apple or Qualcomm buy architectural licenses, which allow them to modify the architecture and add or delete instructions to tailor the chips to their specific needs. Other clients directly buy off-the-shelf designs from Arm. Both off-the-shelf and architectural customers pay a royalty fee per chip shipped.

Founded in Germany in 1972 by former IBM employees, SAP is the world’s largest provider of enterprise application software. Known as the leader in enterprise resource planning software, SAP’s portfolio also includes software for supply chain management, procurement, travel and expense management, and customer relationship management, among others. The company operates in more than 180 countries and has more than 400,000 customers, approximately 80% of which are small to medium-size enterprises.

Marvell Technology is a fabless chip designer focused on wired networking, where it has the second-highest market share. Marvell serves the data center, carrier, enterprise, automotive, and consumer end markets with processors, optical and copper transceivers, switches, and storage controllers.

Qualcomm develops and licenses wireless technology and designs chips for smartphones. The company's key patents revolve around CDMA and OFDMA technologies, which are standards in wireless communications that are the backbone of all 3G, 4G, and 5G networks. Qualcomm's IP is licensed by virtually all wireless device makers. The firm is also the world's largest wireless chip vendor, supplying nearly every premier handset maker with leading-edge processors. Qualcomm also sells RF-front end modules into smartphones, as well as chips into automotive and Internet of Things markets.

Founded in 2012, Snowflake is a fully managed platform that consolidates data hosted on different public clouds for centralized analytics and governance. Snowflake’s cloud-native architecture allows users to independently scale the compute and storage layers, providing customers with optimized performance at lower costs. The company’s data lake and data warehouse products support a variety of use cases, including business analytics, data engineering, and artificial intelligence. Snowflake is widely used by Fortune 2000 companies in financial services, media, and retail sectors.

Hewlett Packard Enterprise is an information technology vendor that provides hardware and software to enterprises. Its primary product lines are compute servers, storage arrays, and networking equipment; it also has a high-performance computing business. HPE's stated goal is to be a complete edge-to-cloud company. Its portfolio enables hybrid clouds and hyperconverged infrastructure.

Nebius is a vertically integrated cloud provider focusing on AI and high-performance computing. It is a carve-out of the previous Russian tech firm Yandex, following the Russian sanctions since the Ukraine-Russia war. Nebius designs and operates its own data centers and servers across Europe and the US, with a total capacity of several hundred megawatts. In September 2025, Microsoft became a major Nebius client under a multiyear $17 billion revenue agreement to provide computing capacity.

Z.ai is an advanced artificial intelligence platform known for its GLM model series, multimodal creation tools, and cost-efficient agentic coding environments like ZCode. It provides high-performance reasoning, real-time web search capabilities, and versatile utilities for building full-stack applications and data dashboards.

CoreWeave Inc is a modern cloud infrastructure technology company that offers the CoreWeave Cloud Platform which consists of proprietary software and cloud services that deliver the automation and efficiency needed to manage complex AI infrastructure at scale. Its platform supports the development and use of ground-breaking models and the delivery of the next generation of AI applications that are changing the way of living and working across the globe.

Astera Labs Inc designs and delivers semiconductor-based connectivity solutions for cloud and AI infrastructure. Its Intelligent Connectivity Platform integrates semiconductor technology, microcontrollers, sensors, and software to enhance performance, scalability, and data management. The company offers products such as integrated circuits (ICs), boards, and modules, catering to hyperscalers and system OEMs. The company's solutions focus on data, network, and memory management in AI-driven platforms. Geographically, the company operates in Singapore, China, Taiwan, and United States, of which maximum revenue is derived from United States.

Cerebras Systems Inc is an AI company. It designs the world's fastest AI infrastructure for training and inference. The company builds the world's largest semiconductor as well as the AI systems to power, cool, and feed the processors data. It develops software to link these systems together into industry-leading supercomputers that are simple to use even for the most complicated AI work, using familiar ML frameworks like PyTorch. Customers use its supercomputers to train industry-leading models. The company uses these supercomputers to run inference at speeds unobtainable from alternative commercial technologies. It delivers these AI capabilities to its customers on-premise and via the cloud. The company generates the majority of its revenue from the USA.

Emirates Telecommunications Group Co PJSC is a telecommunications company. Through its subsidiaries, the company provides telecommunication and consulting services, media services, and equipment to over sixteen countries in Asia and Africa. Etisalat specializes in fixed-line services, voice communication, wireless communication, and data communication services. The majority of the company's revenues profits and assets relates to its operations in the UAE.

MetaX Integrated Circuits (Shanghai) Co Ltd is engaged in the research, design, and sale of high-performance GPU chips and computing platforms. Its business activities include technical services, technology development, consulting, and technology transfer in the areas of integrated circuit, electronic, communication, computer software and hardware, and network technologies. The company also provides integrated circuit design, software development, and sells electronic products.

CITIC Ltd is a Hong Kong-based conglomerate. Along with its subsidiaries, it operates in the following reportable segments: Comprehensive Financial Services, Advanced Intelligent Manufacturing, Advanced Materials, New Consumption, and New-type urbanisation. Maximum revenue is generated from the Advanced Materials segment, which includes exploration, processing, and trading of resources and energy products, including iron ore, copper, and crude oil, as well as the manufacturing of special steels. The Comprehensive financial services segment provides banking, securities, trust, insurance, and asset management services. Geographically, the group generates maximum revenue from the Chinese mainland, followed by Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, and Overseas markets.

Moore Threads Technology Co Ltd is principally engaged in the R&D, design and sales of graphics processing units(GPUs) and related products. The business includes providing technical services, technology development, technical consulting, technology exchanges, technology transfers, technology promotion and information system integration. Besides chip design and sales, it also engages in import-export activities related to technology and hardware products.

Baidu is the largest internet search engine in China with over 50% share of the search engine market in 2024 per web analytics firm, Statcounter. The firm generated 70% of core revenue from online marketing services from its search engine in 2024. Outside its search engine, Baidu is a technology-driven company and its other major growth initiatives are artificial intelligence cloud, video streaming services, voice recognition technology, and autonomous driving.

Liberty Media Corp along with its subsidiaries is engaged in the media and entertainment industries in North America and the United Kingdom. The company owns interests in a high-quality portfolio of assets across the media, entertainment and sports industries. The company derives its maximum revenue from United Kingdom.

IonQ Inc sells access to several quantum computers of various qubit capacities and is in the process of researching and developing technologies for quantum computers with increasing computational capabilities. The company currently makes access to its quantum computers available via cloud platforms and also to select customers via its own cloud service. This cloud-based approach enables the broad availability of quantum-computing-as-a-service (QCaaS). The company derives its revenue from its quantum-computing-as-a-service arrangements, consulting services related to co-developing algorithms on company's quantum computing systems and contracts associated with the design, development, and construction of specialized quantum computing systems together with related services.

Range Intelligent Computing Technology Group Co Ltd is catering to the application needs of big data, cloud computing, Internet of Things, 5G technology, and other industries, based on computing power, digital technology as a means, and intelligent applications as a demonstration, providing a new generation of digital economy industry technology, products, services and system solutions for various industries.

Iflytek Co Ltd is a China-based company, principally engaged in the software and information technology (IT) service businesses. The company’s business includes intelligent application systems, software for voice and speech recognition and conversion, computer software design services, and computer programming services. The company's main products include AI language learning products, AI learning machines, AI diagnosis and treatment assistant products, smart medical devices, the iFLYTEK Hearing Smart Conference System, the iFLYTEK Spark App, the iFLYTEK Smart Office Book, the iFLYTEK Translator, and others.

MiniMax Group Inc is a AI foundation model company. It is committed to driving AI innovation towards performing the full range of human intellectual tasks, from learning and reasoning to planning and generalizing knowledge across diverse domains. Its proprietary foundation model suite, led by MiniMax-M2, Hailuo-02, and Speech-02, has long context processing capacity and can understand, generate, and integrate a wide range of modalities, including text, video, and audio. These models power its AI-native products - including MiniMax, Hailuo AI, MiniMax Audio, Talkie/Xingye, and its enterprise and developer-facing Open Platform, delivering intelligent and dynamic experiences to users globally.

Shanghai Iluvatar CoreX Semiconductor Co Ltd offers GPGPU products and AI computing solutions across diverse industries. Its product portfolio includes GPGPU chips and accelerators, as well as customized AI computing solutions, including GPGPU servers and clusters, that combine its hardware with proprietary software stack to address specific customer needs in training and inference scenarios. The company specializes in the research, design, and deployment of advanced GPGPU products and AI computing solutions across diverse industries.

Investment AB Latour is an investment holding company that makes investments in wholly owned industrial operations and a portfolio of securities. Latour has a long-term and activist orientation, with the vast majority of its total net asset value deriving from companies that have been in its portfolio for more than 20 years. The company measures its performance against its benchmark, the Stockholm Stock Exchange’s total return index. Its criterion is to invest in companies that have their own products that meet growing international demand. Latour specifically evaluates four trends: demographic development, sustainability, globalization, and competition for limited resources.

Founded in Switzerland in 2010, sportswear firm On Holding AG generates about 93% of its sales from athletic shoes. The brand is best known for its running shoes and its distinctive CloudTec soles. On also produces athletic apparel (6% of sales) and accessories (1%). The firm’s merchandise is available in more than 80 countries and is sold through both wholesale (58% of sales) and company-owned channels (42%). In 2025, On generated about 57% of its sales in North America, 26% in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, and 17% in the Asia-Pacific region.

Groupe Bruxelles Lambert SA is an investment holding company, that operates as a foremost investor in Europe, focused on long-term value creation. The business activities of the firm are operated through Holding, Imerys, Webhelp/Sapiens, Canyon/GfG CapitaL, and Sienna Investment Managers. Geographically, it derives a majority of its revenue from Europe and also has a presence in Asia-Oceania, North America, and other countries. The segments of the company are Holding, Imerys, Webhelp, Canyon, Affidea, Sanoptis, GBL Capital, and Sienna Investment Managers.

UK-listed Pearson is a testing and educational provider. Pearson's primary operations are in assessment and qualification testing and higher education, but they also provide English education and testing, virtual learning, prehiring testing and screening, and upskilling/reskilling. The company divested noncore businesses, including the Financial Times, The Economist, and publishing house Penguin, and is now focused on being an educational resource and testing provider.

Tempus AI Inc is a technology company. It has built the Tempus Platform, which comprises both a technology platform to free healthcare data from silos and an operating system to make the resulting data useful. Its Intelligent Diagnostics use AI, including generative AI, to make laboratory tests more accurate, tailored, and personal.

UiPath Inc offers an end-to-end cross-application enterprise automation platform principally with computer vision technology and user interface automations in its initial RPA offering, which remains the foundation of the platform. The platform leverages a range of automation technologies including robotic process automation, application programming interface, and artificial intelligence. UiPath’s solution can automate a broad range of repetitive tasks across industries including claims processing, employee onboarding, invoice to cash, loan applications, and customer service.

New Oriental Education & Technology is a prominent private education provider in China, offering a wide array of educational services. These include overseas test preparation and consulting services, high school academic tutoring, nonacademic tutoring, and intelligent learning systems and devices. Additionally, the company holds a 57% ownership stake in East Buy, a leading player in the livestreaming e-commerce market.

D-Wave Quantum Inc is in the development and delivery of quantum computing systems, software, and services, and it is the commercial supplier of quantum computers and the only company building both annealing quantum computers and gate-model quantum computers. It delivers customer value with practical quantum applications for problems as diverse as logistics, artificial intelligence, materials sciences, drug discovery, scheduling, cybersecurity, fault detection, and financial modeling. Its annealing quantum computers are accessible through the company’s LeapTM cloud service.

SenseTime Group Inc is a software company focused on creating an AI-empowered future through innovation. The company develops software & hardware products for different industry verticals and use cases based on the same AI infrastructure platform & model training framework. The principal activities of the Group are the sale of AI software, the sale of AI software platforms & related services, the sale of AI software-embedded hardware and related services, AIDC service as well as research and development activities with AI technology. The Company is domiciled in the Cayman Islands while the Group mainly operates its businesses in four geographical areas of the world Mainland China, Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, and others, out of which the majority is from Mainland China.

Core Scientific Inc is engaged in designing, building and operating digital infrastructure for high-performance computing. The business operates in three operating segments; Digital Asset Self-Mining, consisting of performing digital asset mining for the own account, Digital Asset Hosted Mining, consisting of providing hosting services to third parties for digital asset mining, and HPC Hosting, consisting of providing hosting services to third parties for graphics processing unit (GPU) based HPC hosting operations. The majority of revenue is derived from the Digital Asset Self-Mining Segment.

TAL Education Group is a smart learning solutions provider in China. It operates a few business lines including enrichment learning, high school academic tutoring, learning technology, and content solutions. Among those business lines, TAL focuses on enrichment learning and content solutions.

Duolingo Inc is a technology company that develops a mobile learning platform to learn languages and is the top-grossing app in the Education category on both Google Play and the Apple App Store. Its products are powered by sophisticated data analytics and artificial intelligence and delivered with class art, animation, and design to make it easier for learners to stay motivated master new material, and achieve their learning goals. Its solutions include the Duolingo Language Learning App, Super Duolingo, Duolingo English Test: AI-Driven Language Assessment, Duolingo For Schools, Duolingo ABC, and Duolingo Math. It has four predominant sources of revenue; time-based subscriptions, in-app advertising placement by third parties, and the Duolingo English Test, and In-App Purchases.

Ubtech Robotics Corp Ltd is engaged in design, production, commercialization, sales and marketing and research and development (R&D) of smart service robotic products and services. It offers consumer-level robots and appliances, enterprise-level smart service robotic products and services tailored for education, logistics and other sectors, are equipped to different extent with smart features that sense, interact, analyze and process human instructions and external environment such as mapping, temperature measurement and facial recognition.

Presight AI Holding PLC provides digital transformation services through big data analytics powered by artificial intelligence. It combines analytics, big data and AI expertise to serve every sector of every scale, to create business and societal value. The group’s world-class omni-analytics platform, TAQ, leverages big data and analytics to deliver cutting-edge Al technology, enabling forecasting and the anticipation of outcomes to support insight-driven, decision making that shapes policy and delivers societal impact.

BlackBerry, once known for being the world’s largest smartphone manufacturer, is now exclusively a software provider with a stated goal of end-to-end secure communications for enterprises. The firm provides endpoint management and other secure communications software to enterprises, specializing in regulated industries like government and financial institutions. BlackBerry also has a sizable embedded software business primarily serving the automotive market, with some exposure to the industrial market.

Laureate Education Inc is an international community of universities. The company provides higher education programs and services to students through an international network of licensed universities and higher education institutions. Its geographical segments include Peru and Mexico.