Alter Ego Media Valuation Multiples

Disney operates in three global business segments: entertainment, sports, and experiences. Entertainment and experiences both benefit from the firm’s ownership of iconic franchises and characters. Entertainment includes the ABC broadcast network, several cable television networks, and the Disney+ and Hulu streaming services. Within the segment, Disney also engages in movie and television production and distribution, with content licensed to movie theaters, other content providers, or, increasingly, kept in-house for use on Disney’s own streaming platform and television networks. The sports segment houses the ESPN family of TV networks and streaming services. Experiences contains Disney’s theme parks, cruises, and vacation destinations and also engages in merchandise licensing.

Comcast is made up of three parts. The core cable business owns networks capable of providing television, internet access, and phone services to 65 million US homes and businesses, or nearly half of the country. The firm provides services to about 47% of the locations in this territory. Comcast acquired NBCUniversal from General Electric in 2011. Following the spinoff of several cable networks, including CNBC, MSNBC, and USA, NBCU now consists of the NBC network, several local NBC affiliates, Bravo, the Peacock streaming platform, Universal Studios, and several theme parks. Finally, Sky, acquired in 2018, is a large television provider in the UK and Italy.

Warner Bros. Discovery operates in three segments: streaming, studios, and linear networks. In 2026, it intends to split its networks from streaming and studios to form two separate companies. The streaming business includes HBO Max, which is rapidly increasing its international footprint in addition to its major presence in the US. Studios include industry leaders in both film and television, which produce movies and television series that are monetized in multiple ways, including theatrical release, sales to third parties, and feeding into Warner's own platforms. global networks consist of basic cable networks like CNN, TNT, TBS, Discovery, HGTV, and The Food Network. The Discovery+ streaming service will remain part of global networks.

Fox operates in two segments: cable networks and television. Cable networks primarily includes Fox News, Fox Business, and several pay TV sports stations. Television primarily includes the Fox broadcast network, 29 owned and operated local television stations, of which 18 are affiliated with the Fox network, and streaming platform Tubi, which is not subscription-based and is completely ad-supported. Fox effectively sold most of its entertainment assets to Disney in 2019, so it no longer creates entertainment content and relies heavily on live news and sports, with nearly all tied to the pay TV bundle. The Murdoch family controls Fox.

BCE provides wireless, broadband, television, and landline phone services in Canada. It is one of the Big Three national wireless carriers, with over 10 million customers constituting about 30% of the market. It is also the incumbent local exchange carrier—the legacy telephone provider—throughout much of the eastern half of Canada, including in the most populous Canadian provinces: Ontario and Quebec. BCE has a media segment that holds television, radio, and digital media assets. BCE licenses the Canadian rights to HBO Max and Starz.

Liberty Media Corp along with its subsidiaries is engaged in the media and entertainment industries in North America and the United Kingdom. The company owns interests in a high-quality portfolio of assets across the media, entertainment and sports industries. The company derives its maximum revenue from United Kingdom.

Rogers Communications is the largest wireless service provider in Canada with more than 11 million subscribers, equating to one-third of the total Canadian market. Rogers' wireless business accounts for more than half of total revenue and has been growing at a higher rate than other segments. The cable segment, which provides about 38% of total revenue after acquiring Shaw, offers home internet, television, and landline phone service to consumers and businesses. Remaining sales come from Rogers' media unit, which owns and operates various television and radio stations and major Toronto sports franchises, including the Blue Jays, Maple Leafs, Raptors, Toronto FC, and Argonauts.

Wolters Kluwer is a global provider of professional information, software solutions, and services in health; tax and accounting; environmental, social, and governance; finance; compliance; and legal. More than 60% of revenue is generated in North America and around 30% is from Europe.

News Corporation is a diversified media conglomerate with big presence in the US, the UK, and Australia. Key mastheads include The Wall Street Journal, Barron's, New York Post, The Times, The Sun, The Australian, Herald Sun, and The Daily Telegraph. Its 61%-owned REA Group is the dominant property listings platform in Australia. In addition, it owns Harper Collins, one of the largest book publishers in the world, and has a sizable US digital property advertising business, Move. The 65% interest in Foxtel, the Australian pay-TV and streaming provider, was sold in April 2025. The sale to global sports streaming platform, DAZN, was struck at more than 7 times Foxtel's EBITDA.

Informa PLC is an international events, digital services, and academic research group. Through various brands, products, and services, it connects businesses and professionals with the knowledge they need. The group's reportable segments are Informa Markets, Informa Tech, Informa Connect, Informa Festivals, and Taylor & Francis. The Informa Markets segment generates the highest revenue, connecting buyers and sellers across various specialist markets, including boating, pharmaceuticals, food, fashion, and infrastructure. This is achieved by delivering transaction-focused live events, such as exhibitions, specialist digital content, and targeted digital services, including data-driven demand generation products. It generates half its revenue from North America, followed by Asia.

New York Times Co is an American media company known for publishing its flagship newspaper, The New York Times. The company also operates the International New York Times newspaper, as well as digital properties such as NYTimes and various smartphone applications. The company has two segments: New York Times Group and The Athletic. The company generates the majority of its revenue from the NYTG segment. The NYTG and The Athletic segments derive revenue from subscriptions, Advertising, and others, where the majority source of revenue for both segments is subscription.

UK-listed Pearson is a testing and educational provider. Pearson's primary operations are in assessment and qualification testing and higher education, but they also provide English education and testing, virtual learning, prehiring testing and screening, and upskilling/reskilling. The company divested noncore businesses, including the Financial Times, The Economist, and publishing house Penguin, and is now focused on being an educational resource and testing provider.

SiriusXM operates almost exclusively in the US through its SiriusXM and Pandora audio services. SiriusXM is primarily a satellite radio service that offers nationwide coverage and mostly ad-free listening, with proprietary channels and exclusive content. It makes agreements with automakers to install its radios in vehicles and give trial services to vehicle buyers, which have traditionally fed its subscriber base. The company provides the service via a fleet of geostationary satellites it owns and operates, and now offers a streaming SiriusXM option. Pandora, which accounts for a much smaller portion of revenue and profit, offers a subscription and ad-supported streaming music service that competes with industry giants such as Spotify, Apple Music, and YouTube Music.

Beijing Enlight Media Co Ltd is a China-based company engages in the provision of multimedia video content services. Its main business is TV programs and film investment, making and distributing. TV programs including regular TV programs and acting activities broadcasted on television. Acting activities generally are broadcasted on television, belonging to the special type of TV program and drama series.

Nexstar is the largest television station owner-operator in the United States with over 200 stations in 116 markets, reaching 220 million people. Of its 200 stations, 155 are affiliated with the four national broadcast networks: CBS, Fox, NBC, and ABC. Pending approval, Nexstar’s merger with Tegna would bring Nexstar’s station total to 259 in 133 markets, reaching 80% of the US population. Nexstar also owns NewsNation (formerly WGN), a cable news network, 75% of the fifth national broadcaster, the CW, and a 31% stake in Food Network and Cooking Channel.

RTL Group SA is a broadcasting television company with interests in television channels, video-on-demand platforms, and radio stations. The company has three main areas of business: broadcast, streaming, content, and digital. Broadcast includes television and radio; content includes content production and distribution, and digital includes online video and advertisement technology. Business segments include Mediengruppe RTL Deutschland, Groupe M6, Fremantle, RTL Nederland, and Other segments. The company's business units operate in Europe, predominantly in Germany, France, the United States, the UK, and Other regions.

TBS Holdings Inc is a Japanese media and broadcasting holding company that operates television businesses through its subsidiaries. The company operates through three reportable segments: Media & Content Business, Lifestyle Business, and Real Estate & Other Business. The Media & Content Business includes television and radio broadcasting, event planning, video software production, and distribution. The Lifestyle Business handles general merchandise retail, beauty and wellness services, private tutoring, and early childhood education. The Real Estate & Other Business segment involves land and building rentals. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Media & content business segment.

Mango Excellent Media Co Ltd is a China-based company engaged in the provision of E-commerce services through Television, Internet, Catalogs, and other multimedia channels. The company operates three main business segments. The Mango Television Internet Video Business segment delivers content such as variety shows, TV dramas, films, movies, animations, and short videos. The New Media Interactive Entertainment Content Production Business segment covers the creation and operation of dramas, variety programs, and games, alongside artist management, music copyrights, and game development. The Media Retail Business segment focuses on TV shopping, media e-commerce, and overseas-related operations. The company generates maximum revenue from the Mango Television internet video business segment.

Oriental Pearl Group Co Ltd operates a media integration and distribution platform in China. The various business units of the company comprise Channel Products Operation, Video Shopping, and E-Commerce, Culture and Entertainment Themed Tourism, Mobile Transmissions and Video Games among others.

Sphere Entertainment Co is a live entertainment and media company. The firm creates, writes, casts, produces, and tours shows and events. The group has two reportable segments: Sphere and MSG Networks. Sphere is a next-generation entertainment medium, and MSG Networks operates two regional sports and entertainment networks, as well as a direct-to-consumer (DTC) and authenticated streaming product.

Graham Holdings Company is a diversified holding company with operations spanning educational services, television broadcasting, healthcare, manufacturing, automotive dealerships, and other businesses. The Company's education activities are conducted through Kaplan, whose services include academic preparation programs for international students, English-language programs, exam preparation, and career and academic advisement. These services are provided to students, schools, and colleges, both domestically and outside the United States. It operates through seven reportable segments: Kaplan International, Kaplan Higher Education, Kaplan Supplemental Education, Television Broadcasting, CSI, Manufacturing and Automotive, with key revenue coming from the Education and Automotive segments.

Springer Nature AG & Co KGaA is a research, educational, and professional publisher providing content to communities through a range of platforms, products, and services. It offers journals, books, platforms, databases & and solutions. The company includes four Segments: Research, Education, Health, and Professional. The company operates in the Americas, APAC, Germany, and Other EMEA regions. The majority of revenue is generated from the research segment in America.

Nippon Television Holdings Inc is a broadcasting and television company. It is engaged in media, content, life and health-related, and real estate businesses. The company operates through three reportable segments: the Media and Content Business, which handles television advertising, video distribution, pay-TV, retail, and film production; the Life and Health Related Business, which operates comprehensive sports clubs; and the Real Estate Related Business, which manages real estate rental, building operations, and solar power generation. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Media and Content Business segment.

ITV PLC is a broadcasting television company that owns, creates, and distributes the content on its platforms. The company's international content business, ITV Studios, produces programming for ITV's channels as well as other British broadcasters. The company's segment includes ITV Studios and Media and Entertainment. It generates maximum revenue from the ITV Studios segment.

Jiangsu Phoenix Publishing & Media Corp Ltd is a China-based publishing company. The company operates four segments. The Publishing segment covers the publishing and distribution of textbooks, teaching aids, general books, audio-visual products, and vocational education software. The Issuing Division handles the wholesale and retail of teaching materials, teaching aids, general books, audio-visual products, and cultural supplies. The Other segment includes new media businesses such as software development, film and television production, digital asset management, cloud services, and investment management. The Headquarters segment oversees distribution management, procurement, settlement, group publication distribution, textbook bidding, and publishing business management.

FUJI Media Holdings Inc operates as a certified broadcasting holding company engaged in media, content, and related businesses. The company has two reportable segments: Media & Content Business, which involves broadcasting, film and animation production, music publishing, advertising, and mail-order sales; and Urban Development & Tourism Business, which engages in building rental, real estate transactions, and hotel and resort management. The company earns the majority of its revenue in Japan.

China Literature Ltd is an investment holding company. The company along with its subsidiaries provides online reading services, copyright commercialization, writer cultivation and brokerage, and operation of text work reading. It generates its revenue from Online reading through self-owned platform products. it operates in two segments: Online business and Intellectual property operations and others. The Online business segment that derives the majority of revenue comprises online paid reading, online advertising, and game publishing. The Intellectual property operations and other segment include licensing and distribution of film and television properties, copyrights licensing, sales of adaptation rights and scripts, sales of physical books, and in-house online games operations.

China Science Publishing & Media Ltd is a China based company engaged in providing publishing services. It offers books, journals, newspapers, literature and data, online publishing, import and export and printing services. For overseas distribution, the company uses Science Press brand.

Kadokawa Corp is a Japan based publisher and digital content platform provider. It is involved in various businesses such as publishing, film, publishing rights, digital contents, planning, development and operation of network entertainment service, and contents and operation of video- sharing website.

Tegna Inc is a media company with a portfolio of broadcast stations and digital sites. The firm has television stations and radio stations in approximately U.S. markets. The company owns multicast networks of True Crime Network, Twist, and Quest. Each television station also has a robust digital presence across online, mobile, connected television, and social platforms, reaching consumers on all devices and platforms used to consume news content. It generates key revenue from advertising and marketing services, subscriptions, political advertising, and other services.

Canal+ SA is media and entertainment company and also operates short-form video streaming platforms with Dailymotion. It operates in three business segments, Europe, Africa and Asia, and Content Production, Distribution and Other. Key revenue is generated from Europe which includes subscription-TV, advertising-based television and OTT businesses across France, the Overseas Territories, Poland and also in Central Europe and the Benelux through M7, and the Group’s FTTH business in the Overseas Territories.

China South Publishing & Media Group Co Ltd operates in the publishing and media industry. The company offers publishing products, including books, newspapers, periodicals, audio and video products, electronics, network, comic, and animation.

Lagardere SA is in the business of content publishing, production, broadcasting, and distribution. It is also engaged in the travel retail business with various brands such as Relay and Aelia Duty-Free, and other selective distribution brands. The company operates through divisions: Lagardere Publishing, Lagardere Travel Retail, and others.

Jiangsu Broadcasting Cable Information Network Corp Ltd is a China-based company engaged in the construction and operation of broadcasting and television networks, the development and operation of radio and television program transmission, data broadband services and digital TV value-added services.

Zhejiang Huace Film & TV Co Ltd operates as a film and television production company. It focuses on the creation of TV dramas, films, and various kinds of fine arts.

PT Elang Mahkota Teknologi Tbk is an Indonesian integrated group engaged in services, trading, construction, and industry. The group is engaged in media, health, aviation support services, and other business segments through its investments in several subsidiaries. Media segment includes five Free-to-Air (FTA) television stations: SCTV, Indosiar, Mentari TV, Ajwa TV, and Moji; Health segment operates in the health sector by managing private hospitals, aviation support services, ground handling, cargo handling, aircraft dispatch, maintenance, catering, and flight training. The others include connectivity, provision of banking services, financial services, infrastructure technology, internet solutions, investment, and other initiatives. It derives maximum revenue from the Media segment.

MFE-MediaForEurope is a commercial TV operator in the Italian and Spanish commercial TV sector, offering free-to-air television programming on general interest channels (Canale 5, Italia 1 and Rete 4 in Italy, and Tele5 and Cuatro in Spain) and a wide portfolio of semigeneralist and thematic channels available in linear and on-demand OTT services comprising a broad range of cinema, TV series and children’s channel content. The group generates maximum revenue from TV advertising, and the rest from sales of TV rights and productions, pay streaming service, movie distribution, construction, rental, and maintenance of TV equipment, etc. Its operating segments are: Italy, which is its key revenue-generating market, and Spain.

Cyfrowy Polsat SA operates in Poland as a provider of a paid digital satellite platform under the name of ‘Polsat Box’ and paid digital terrestrial television as well as the telecommunication services provider. The group operates in the following four segments that includes B2C and B2B services segment which relate to the provision of services to the general public, including digital television transmission signal, mobile services, internet access services, mobile TV services, online TV services, and set-top box production, Media segment consists mainly of production, acquisition, and broadcasting of information and entertainment programs, and TV series. Real Estate segment consists construction, sale, rental, and management of own or leased real estate and Green energy segment.

Vivendi SE is an integrated content, media, and communications group. The company has established itself as a key player in content, media, and entertainment by developing a portfolio of listed and unlisted assets, each a leader in its market. It is present in the video game sector with Gameloft, and also holds a certain percentage of stakes in other companies such as Universal Music Group, Banijay, TIM, MediaForEurope, Telefonica, and Prisca. Its business segments include Gameloft, which derives maximum revenue, and Share of UMG, Corporate, and Other. Geographically, the group generates maximum revenue from North America, followed by EMEA (Europe, the Middle East, Africa), Asia Pacific, and Latin America.

Zhejiang Publishing & Media Co Ltd is engaged in the publication, distribution and printing of books, periodicals, audio-visual products and electronic publications.

Sun TV Network Ltd is a media and entertainment company. The group owns and operates a series of television networks across four languages in the news, music, action, life, movies, kids, and comedy genres. It also airs FM stations in several Indian languages. Its business activities are reported under a single segment, being Media and Entertainment. The company generates revenues from advertising, broadcasting fees, International subscriptions, other subscriptions, movie distribution, and content trading. Geographically, the group is focused on the Indian market with a few operations outside India.

Shandong Publishing & Media Co Ltd provides publishing services. The company owns and manages publishing houses, periodical presses, printing enterprises, printing materials company, and logistics company. Geographically, the activities are carried out through China.

Visual China Group Co Ltd is engaged in providing digital visual content and visual solutions to customers in media, commercial, and consumer sectors. It services include Copyright removal, rights protection agent, Sports, Entertainment and Digital marketing, and Special shooting.

MBC Group Co is a media company in the Middle East and North Africa, having principal activities consisting of information, communication, education, arts, entertainment, and recreation. Its operating segments include Broadcasting and other commercial activities, Shahid, and Media and Entertainment. The Group generates its revenue from: advertising revenue, predominantly from advertisers placing advertisements on its free-to-air TV channels, radio channels, and on the Group’s advertising-video-on-demand streaming platform (AVOD); revenue from subscriptions of the Group’s Shahid VIP subscription-video-ondemand (SVOD) service; and ancillary revenue from its other business operations.

Damai Entertainment Holdings Ltd is a technology-powered entertainment company rooted in real-world experiences. While delivering premium films and performances, it harnesses technology to craft inventive experiences for the cultural and entertainment industry, offering users high-quality real-world entertainment. It stands as a full-fledged real-world entertainment platform with businesses spanning content production, marketing and distribution, live performances, IP licensing and integrated operations, as well as cinema ticketing management and data services.

Xinhua Winshare Publishing & Media Co Ltd is engaged in integrated cultural operations specializing in the creative content production of publications, education services, cultural consumption services, supply chain services, and capital operation. Its activities are editorial and publishing of publications, sales of publications in physical stores and the internet, distribution of textbooks and supplementary materials, education information and equipment services, etc. It is through two operating segments; the Publication segment, which includes publishing books, periodicals, and audiovisual products, and the Distribution segment, which comprises the distribution of textbooks and supplementary materials. The group generates a majority of its revenue from the Distribution segment.

John Wiley & Sons Inc is a publisher and a trusted leader in research and learning. The company segment includes: Research, which includes the reporting lines of Research Publishing and Research Solutions, and Learning includes the Academic and Professional reporting lines and consists of publishing, courseware, and assessments. Its industry-principal content, services, platforms, and knowledge networks are tailored to meet the evolving needs of its customers and partners, including researchers, students, instructors, professionals, institutions, and corporations. The company empowers knowledge-seekers to transform today’s obstacles into tomorrow’s brightest opportunities. For more than two centuries, the company has been delivering on its timeless mission to unlock human potential.

TV Asahi Holdings Corporation is a Japanese multimedia group. Ranging from its primary business of broadcast TV, the company owns and manages music publishing and miscellaneous businesses. The Television Broadcasting segment is involved in the production and broadcasting of TV programs. The Music Publishing segment attends to music copyrights and related rights as well as the artist management and recording businesses and through the Others segment, it is engaged in event management and the sale of digital goods such as DVDs. The company derives its revenue from TV Broadcasting Business.