Tractial Valuation Multiples

Visa is the largest payment processor in the world. In fiscal 2025, it processed almost $17 trillion in total volume. Visa operates in over 200 countries and processes transactions in over 160 currencies. Its systems are capable of processing over 65,000 transactions per second.

Mastercard is the second-largest payment processor in the world, having processed close to $10 trillion in volume during 2024. Mastercard operates in over 200 countries and processes transactions in over 150 currencies.

American Express is a New York City-based global payments and financial services company headquartered at 200 Vesey Street. It issues charge and credit cards to consumers and businesses, runs its own card network and merchant business, and provides travel and financial services through units such as Travel Related Services. It earns discount revenue from merchants, card fees and interest on card loans. In 2025 it reported revenue of USD 72.2 billion and net income of USD 10.8 billion with about 76,800 employees, and it had 141.2 million cards in force at the end of 2023. The company traces its origins to 18 March 1850, when express businesses owned by Henry Wells, William Fargo and John Warren Butterfield merged in Buffalo, New York. It sold half of its corporate travel arm, American Express Global Business Travel, to a Certares-led group in 2014 and retains a stake of about 33.5%. Its Travel Related Services subsidiary invested in Portable Software, later Concur Technologies, in 1998.

PayPal was spun off from eBay in 2015 and provides electronic payment solutions to merchants and consumers, with a focus on online transactions. The company had 434 million active accounts at the end of 2024. The company also owns Venmo, a person-to-person payment platform.

Founded in 2009, Block provides payment services to merchants, along with related services. The company also launched Cash App, a person-to-person payment network. In 2024, Square's payment volume was almost USD 250 million.

Adyen is a payment company that provides merchants with a single platform to accept e-commerce, mobile, and point-of-sale payments in multiple countries using various payment schemes and methodologies. Adyen started out providing only gateway and payment processing services to merchants but soon expanded into merchant acquiring services as well. Adyen obtained a banking license to improve settlement of merchant accounts.

Fiserv is a leading provider of core processing and complementary services, such as electronic funds transfer, payment processing, and loan processing, for US banks and credit unions, with a focus on small and midsize banks. Following its 2019 merger with First Data, Fiserv also provides payment processing services to merchants. About 10% of the company’s revenue is generated internationally.

Global Payments is a leading provider of payment processing and software solutions and focuses on serving small and midsize merchants. The company operates in 30 countries and generates about one fourth of its revenue from outside North America, primarily in Europe and Asia. In 2019, Global Payments merged with Total System Services in an all-stock deal that gave Total System Services shareholders 48% of the combined company’s shares. The merger added issuer processing operations.

Circle Internet Group Inc is a financial technology firm engaged in digital currencies and public blockchains for payments, commerce, and financial applications. The company's platform is a full-stack, internet financial platform business, organized around three pillars: Arc Blockchain and Developer Infrastructure, Circle Digital Assets and Services, and Circle Applications.

Kaspi.kz JSC is the payment, marketplace, and Fintech ecosystem in Kazakhstan. The firm provides interconnected technologically seamless products and services that help people to pay, shop and manage their finances. Its operating segment includes the Payments Platform that connects its customers, which consist of both consumers and merchants, to facilitate cashless, digital transactions, the Marketplace Platform, which derives maximum revenue, connects merchants and consumers enabling merchants to increase their sales and consumers to buy a broad selection of products and services offered by a variety of merchants, and Fintech Platform that enables customers to manage their personal finances online and access consumer finance and deposit products through the Kaspi.kz Super App.

One97 Communications Ltd is a digital ecosystem for consumers and merchants. The company is in the business of providing a) payment and financial services which mainly include payment facilitator services, facilitation of consumer and merchant loan distribution to consumers and merchants, wealth management, etc. b) marketing services which consist of aggregator for digital products, ticketing business, providing voice and messaging platforms to the telecom operators and enterprise customers and other businesses. The group generates the majority of its revenue from customers domiciled in India.

Edenred is a France-listed prepaid corporate services provider operating in 45 countries. The company was listed in 2010 following a spinoff from hotel group Accor. Edenred's main business, Ticket Restaurant, offers prepaid meal vouchers that employers provide their employees as an additional benefit. The company is also involved in other areas, such as prepaid fuel cards and payment and expense management systems. Edenred is also moving beyond its historical services, adding well-being, gift, EV, toll, and business-to-business accounts payable automation services.

Nexi is a payment services provider offering merchant acquiring, card issuing, and digital banking services across Europe. Nexi’s services cover the entire payment chain excluding the card scheme. It offers its acquiring and issuing services either in partnerships with banks, providing point-of-sale terminals, processing, or issuing services on their behalf or directly to merchants.

ACI Worldwide Inc develops, markets and installs a portfolio of software products focused on facilitating electronic payments. The firm also leverages its distribution network in the Americas; Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, or EMEA; and Asia-Pacific regions to sell software developed by third parties. ACI software products process payment transactions for retail banking clients, billers such as utilities and healthcare providers, and community banks and credit unions. ACI's customers are financial institutions all over the world, but majority of the revenue is generated in the United States and EMEA regions.

GMO Payment Gateway is a major Japanese provider of cashless and online payment infrastructure, serving many sectors including digital content and telecommunications, utilities, retail and hospitality, financial services, healthcare, and education. It serves a wide array of clients, from government agencies and municipalities to enterprises and merchants, across online and offline channels, including e-commerce platforms, physical stores, and unattended machines. Its services encompass payment processing, settlement solutions, and ancillary offerings such as early or deferred settlement services, transaction lending, buy now, pay later, online advertising, and internet security. GMO is expanding into adjacent financial technology operations, and gradually across Asia and North America.

DLocal Ltd is focused on making the complex simple, redefining the online payment experience in emerging markets. Through its technology platform, One dLocal, the company enables world-wide enterprise merchants to get paid (pay-in) and to make payments (pay-out) online in a safe and efficient manner. The company earns revenue from fees charged to merchants in connection with payment processing services for cross-border and local payment transactions. The company's geographical segments include Latin America and Non-Latin America with a majority of its revenue being generated from Brazil in Latin America region.

kakaopay Corp is a mobile payment and digital wallet service provider. It provides easy payment, easy remittance, and other financial services. It operates in two segments: Financial Services and Non-financial Services.

Paymentus Holdings Inc provides electronic bill presentment and payment services, enterprise customer communication and self-service revenue management to billers through a Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), secure, omni-channel technology platform. The platform integrates with a biller's financial and operational systems to provide secure and flexible processing of payments, including credit cards, debit cards, eChecks, and digital wallets, across multiple channels such as online, mobile, IVR, call centers, chatbots, and voice-based assistants. The company generates the majority of its revenue from payment transaction fees processed through its platform. Geographically, it derives the maximum revenue from the United States.

GPGI Inc is a diversified holding platform comprising businesses operating in multiple industries. The platform focuses on acquiring, owning, and scaling operating companies. It currently includes CompoSecure and Husky Technologies. CompoSecure provides technology and manufacturing solutions related to metal payment cards, security, and authentication. Its products and services are used by financial institutions, fintech companies, and other customers. Husky designs and manufactures industrial equipment and provides aftermarket services. Its equipment is used in the production of plastic products, including beverage and food containers, medical devices, and consumer electronics components.

Shift4 Payments Inc is provider of integrated payment processing and technology solutions. The company offers software providers a single integration to an end-to-end payments offering, a powerful gateway and a robust suite of technology solutions (including cloud enablement, business intelligence, analytics, and mobile) to enhance the value of their software suites and simplify payment acceptance. The company derives maximum revenue from United States.

Shanghai Sunmi Technology Co Ltd operates as a Business Internet of Things (BIoT) solution provider. It is engaged in the design, research and development, production, and sales of smart devices, along with the provision of related services. The company's offerings include CPad, Interactive Display, Mobile Terminals, Payment Terminals, Desktop Terminals, etc. the Group only has one operating segment. It generates revenue predominantly from sales of its BIoT solutions mainly including smart devices.

Crane NXT Co is a industrial technology company that provides proprietary and trusted technology solutions to secure, detect, and authenticate what matters to its customers. It is a pioneer in proprietary micro-optics technology for securing physical products, and its sophisticated electronic equipment and associated software leverages proprietary core capabilities with detection and sensing technologies. The company operates in two segments which are Crane Payment Innovations (CPI) and Security and Authentication Technologies.

PagSeguro Digital Ltd is a Brazilian-based company that acts as a provider of financial technology solutions focused on Micro-Merchants, Small Companies and Medium-Sized Companies (SMEs), in Brazil. The company provides a range of solutions and tools such as cash-in and cash-out options and provides access to working capital to help to manage its cash flow. It delivers an end-to-end digital ecosystem to address day-to-day financial needs, including receiving and spending funds and managing and growing businesses for clients. The company also offers the Free PagSeguro Digital Account delivering Cash-In Solutions, Online and In-Person Payment Tools, Online Payment Tools; and Web Check Outs offer tokenization, handling of shipping information, and others.

Euronet Worldwide Inc is a provider of electronic financial transaction solutions. It offers payment and transaction processing and distribution solutions to financial institutions, retailers, service providers, and individual consumers. The company's product offerings include comprehensive ATM, POS, card outsourcing, card issuing and merchant acquiring services, software solutions, money transfer services, etc. Its reportable operating segments are EFT Processing, epay, and Money Transfer. Maximum revenue is derived from its Money Transfer segment, which provides money transfer services across the world under the brand names Ria, AFEX, IME, and xe. Geographically, the company generates maximum revenue from the United States, followed by Germany, India, France, Greece, and other regions.

Payoneer Global Inc is a financial technology company purpose-built to enable the world’s small and medium-sized businesses (SMB(s)) to grow and operate their businesses around the world by reliably and securely connecting them to the digital economy. The company started to empower commerce by connecting businesses, professionals, countries, and currencies with its diversified cross-border payments platform.

Lakala payment Co Ltd is a third-party payment company in China. It provides personal payment, merchant payment, credit reporting and other business including online and offline" by means of hardware and software.

Flywire Corp provides a secure payment platform, offering its clients a streamlined process to receive reconciled domestic and international payments more cost-effectively and efficiently. The company's solutions are built on three core elements, namely a payments platform, a proprietary payment network, and vertical-specific software backed by its deep industry expertise. Geographically, the majority of revenue is from the Americas.

StoneCo Ltd is a provider of financial technology solutions. It serves MSMBs solutions, at fair prices, and provides the customer experience to help them manage their businesses and sell more. Its Stone Business Model combines end-to-end, cloud-based technology platforms; differentiated hyper-local and integrated distribution approaches; and white-glove, on-demand customer service. It has two segments Financial Services segment, which includes payments solutions, digital banking, credit, insurance solutions as well as the registry business. In the Software segment solution includes POS/ERP, TEF and QR Code gateways, reconciliation, CRM, OMS, e-commerce platform, engagement tool, ads solution, and marketplace hub. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Financial Services segment.

Pine Labs Ltd is a technology company digitizing commerce for merchants, brands, enterprises, and financial institutions. It operates two segments: Digital Infrastructure and Transaction Platform, which contributes the majority of its revenue through in-store and online payments, affordability, value-added services, and transaction processing; and Issuing and Acquiring Platform, providing prepaid, loyalty, rewards, and card issuing and acquiring solutions. Its offerings include UPI and payment gateway services, gift cards, card management, and fintech infrastructure. Pine Labs serves banks, corporates, government, fintech, e-commerce, and startups across multiple industries, enabling customer acquisition, onboarding, expense management, rewards, refunds, and embedded bill payments.

Computer Age Management Services Ltd is a technology-driven financial infrastructure and services provider to mutual funds and other financial institutions. The company provides a comprehensive portfolio of technology-based services, such as transaction origination interface, transaction execution, payment, settlement and reconciliation, dividend processing, investor interface, record keeping, report generation, intermediary empanelment and brokerage computation and compliance-related services, through its pan-India network to its mutual fund clients, distributors and investors. It also provides certain services to alternative investment funds, insurance companies, banks and non-banking finance companies.

Headquartered in Oakland, California, and founded in 2010, Marqeta provides its clients with a card-issuing platform that offers the infrastructure and tools necessary to offer digital, physical, and tokenized payment options without the need for a traditional bank. The company’s open APIs are designed to allow third parties like DoorDash, Klarna, and Block to rapidly develop and deploy innovative card-based products and payment services without the need to develop the underlying technology. The company generates revenue primarily through processing and ATM fees for cards issued on its platform.

Evertec Inc is a transaction processing business in Latin America and the Caribbean. Its business segments are Merchant Acquiring, Payment Services - Puerto Rico & Caribbean, Latin America Payments and Solutions, and Business Solutions which derive maximum revenue. The company serves a diversified customer base of financial institutions, merchants, corporations, and government agencies with mission-critical technology solutions that enable them to issue, process, and accept transactions securely. It derives maximum revenue from Latin America Payments and Solutions. Geographically, it operates in Puerto Rico, Caribbean, and Latin America.

E-Finance For Digital And Financial Investments SAE is developing integrated platforms in Egypt's digital revolution. It is a fintech platform and developer of digital payments infrastructures. The company invests in platforms and solutions that serve everyone from government agencies to ordinary consumers. The business has seven operating segments; Services and operation of cards, Integrated solutions, installation, and technical support services, card center services, hosting services, maintenance and network contracts, and others. It derives a majority of its revenue from the Services and operation of the cards segment.

Fawry For Banking Technology And Electronic Payment is engaged in providing operations services specialized in systems and communications, management, operating and maintenance of equipment's and computers networks services and internal systems of banks, networks, and centralized systems, establish operating systems for banking services through the internet, phone and e-payment services and circulation of secured documents electronically, and renting properties.

Isracard Ltd is a credit-card company. Its operating segments are the issuance of credit cards, acquiring credit cards and financing. It provides full discounting and clearing services for the credit card brands namely Isracard, MasterCard, American Express and Visa. The company's products and services are gift cards, business cards, student loans, loan for the purchase of a vehicle and other related services.

Jiangsu Tongxingbao Intelligent Transportation Technology Co Ltd is engaged in providing intelligent transportation platform solutions for expressways, arterial roads and urban transportation.

Optasia is a B2B2X AI-powered fintech platform covering scoring, financial decisioning, disbursement and collection. The company operates across Africa, the Middle East, Asia, Europe, and Latin America. Its services include: Micro Lending, Airtime Advance, and Data Monetization.

PicS NV is a digital payments company. The company operates a peer-to-peer (P2P) transfer platform that enables individuals to send money via mobile devices. It provides digital wallets, instant payments (Pix), P2P transfers, credit cards, loans, investments, insurance, and SMB payment solutions. The company has four reportable segments: Consumer Banking, Small and Medium-Sized Businesses, Audiences and Ecosystem Integration, and Institutional. The majority of the company's revenue is derived from the Consumer Banking segment, which generates revenue from various transaction activities occurring in the digital wallet, such as Pix, peer-to-peer (P2P) transfers, and bill payments.

Deluxe Corp is principally a payments and data company. Its reportable segments are: Merchant Services, B2B Payments, Data Solutions, and Print. Maximum revenue is derived from its Print segment, which provides printed personal and business checks, business essentials, as well as branded promotional, print, apparel, and digital storefront solutions. The Merchant Services segment provides electronic credit and debit card authorization, payment systems, and processing services. The B2B segment offers treasury management solutions, integrated accounts payable disbursements, and fraud and security services, and the Data Solutions segment offers data, analytics, and marketing services, as well as financial institution profitability reporting and business incorporation services.

Cuscal Ltd is a payment and regulated data services provider in Australia. The group offers a comprehensive suite of payment infrastructure solutions to a diversified client base. It enables a range of payment types, from physical cards to real-time payments, in the payment value chain and constantly evolves its offerings to meet the demands of a rapidly changing economy. The company has two reportable segments: Payments and Other segments. The payment segment encompasses electronic and paper payment processing, card products, card platform services, digital application development, liquidity management and settlement services, specialized finance facilities, network communication services, fraud management services, real-time payments, and open data services.

Worldline is a payment service provider offering merchant acquiring, payment processing, and payment infrastructure solutions to merchants and banks.

Acceler8 Ventures PLC is an acquisition company. The company has actively pursued its strategy through the sourcing and assessment of acquisition and investment opportunities across gaming, media and entertainment, software and technology, industrials, and business services sectors.

PaySign Inc is a provider of prepaid card programs, comprehensive patient affordability offerings, digital banking services, and integrated payment processing designed for businesses, consumers, and government institutions. The Company creates customized payment solutions for clients across industries, including pharmaceutical, healthcare, hospitality, and retail. The company's revenues include fees generated from cardholder fees, interchange, card program management fees, transaction claims processing fees, and settlement income.

Digital Garage Inc integrates three technologies--information technology, marketing technology, and financial technology--into one solution that it provides to its business customers. The company operates three primary business segments. The incubation segment invests in and develops startups and new businesses. The marketing segment provides advertising and promotion solutions that reach consumers. The financial segment offers payment solutions to monetize Internet businesses.

Seshaasai Technologies Ltd is a technology-driven, multi-location solutions provider focused on offering payments, communications, and fulfilment solutions catering to the banking, financial services, and insurance (BFSI) industry, with data security and compliance at the core of its solutions. Solutions that the company offers at scale and on a recurring basis, driven by its proprietary platforms, play a crucial role in enabling the operations and deliverables of the BFSI sector in India. The company also offers Internet of Things (IoT) solutions to a diverse set of customers across industries.

Priority Technology Holdings Inc is a provider of merchant acquiring and commercial payment solutions to small and medium business enterprises in the United States. The company has three reportable segments which are SMB Payments, B2B Payments, and Enterprise Payments. SMB Payments segment which generates the majority of revenue provides full-service acquiring and payment-enabled solutions for B2C transactions, leveraging Priority's proprietary software platform, distributed through ISO; the B2B Payments segment provides AP automation solutions to corporations, software partners, & industry FIs: and Enterprise Payments segment provides embedded payment & treasury solutions to enterprise customers to modernize legacy platforms & accelerate software partners' strategies to monetize payments.

SLR Investment Corp is a closed-end externally managed, non-diversified management investment company that has elected to be treated as a business development company. It provides U.S. middle market businesses and intermediaries with bespoke debt financing solutions to fund working capital, acquisition, refinancing and growth capital requirements. The company's investment objective is to generate both current income and capital appreciation through debt and equity investments. The company invests principally in leveraged middle-market companies in the form of senior secured loans, financing leases, and to a lesser extent, unsecured loans and equity securities.

SZZT Electronics Co Ltd is engaged in the development, production, and sale of security payment terminals. The company offers a variety of differentiated financial payment solutions such as the terminal, business software, platform operations and computer hosting. In addition, the company also supplies infrastructure services for internet companies.