Modon Holding Valuation Multiples

Berkshire Hathaway is a holding company with a wide array of subsidiaries engaged in diverse activities. The firm's core business segment is insurance, run primarily through Geico, Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group, and Berkshire Hathaway Primary Group. Berkshire has used the excess cash thrown off from its operations to acquire Burlington Northern Santa Fe (railroad), Berkshire Hathaway Energy (utilities and energy distributors), and the companies that make up its manufacturing, service, and retailing operations (which include Precision Castparts, Lubrizol, Clayton Homes, Marmon, and IMC/ISCAR). The conglomerate is unique in that it is run on a completely decentralized basis. Berkshire is expected to generate close to $375 billion in revenue in 2025.

Siemens is a German industrial technology group headquartered in Munich that supplies automation, electrification, rail and healthcare equipment, software and services. It was founded in Berlin on October 1, 1847 by Werner von Siemens and Johann Georg Halske as Telegraphen-Bauanstalt von Siemens & Halske. The group reports through Digital Industries (factory automation and industrial software), Smart Infrastructure (buildings and electrical distribution), Siemens Mobility (rolling stock, signalling and rail systems) and Siemens Financial Services, and holds about 75% of separately listed Siemens Healthineers. It sells mainly to manufacturers, utilities, infrastructure owners, transit operators and hospitals, and in fiscal 2025 generated revenue of €78.9 billion and net income of €10.4 billion with about 327,000 employees. In 2020 it spun off Siemens Energy, keeping a 17.1% stake, and bought Varian Medical Systems for US$16.4 billion; in 2025 it added Altair Engineering for about US$10 billion, its largest acquisition, and Dotmatics for US$5.1 billion. Roland Busch has been chief executive since February 2021, and the shares trade on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange as a DAX member.

IHC is an Abu Dhabi-listed diversified operating and investment holding company founded in 1998. Its subsidiaries and equity interests span real estate, healthcare, food, utilities, technology, financial services, marine activities and other industrial sectors. The group serves consumers, businesses and government counterparties through its operating companies. Revenue is generated from consolidated services, product sales, development activity and returns on investment holdings. IHC Capital acted as the group vehicle participating alongside ADQ in the transaction that formed the enlarged Modon Holding. Because IHC Capital carries the parent brand and is not a separately managed external investment house, it is resolved to the existing IHC record under the one-house rule. The listed parent allocates capital centrally while operating through separately managed subsidiaries and associates.

Welltower Inc. is a real estate investment trust headquartered in Toledo, Ohio, that owns healthcare infrastructure with a focus on rental housing for aging seniors, and is an S&P 500 company. It was founded in 1970 in Lima, Ohio, by Wolfe and Bruce Thompson as Health Care Fund, the first healthcare-focused REIT, became Health Care REIT in 1985, moved to Toledo in 1986 and took the Welltower name in September 2015. Shankh Mitra is chief executive, and the company had 533 employees in 2024. In October 2025 it described a portfolio of more than 2,000 seniors and wellness housing communities across the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada, earning rent from triple-net leases and operating income from communities run by operators under RIDEA structures. In the third quarter of 2025 it completed USD 1.9 billion of pro rata gross investments, reported normalized FFO growth of 20.7% and net debt of 2.36 times adjusted EBITDA. In October 2025 it announced the GBP 5.2 billion purchase of a UK portfolio operated by Barchester, comprising 111 communities managed under RIDEA, 152 triple-net leased communities and 21 developments, alongside a GBP 1.2 billion acquisition of HC-One care homes.

Schneider Electric is a French energy technology company headquartered in Rueil-Malmaison, near Paris, whose products cover electrification, automation and digitalisation for buildings, homes, data centers, infrastructure and industry. It sells electrical distribution equipment, switches and sockets, building and home automation, industrial control and process safety systems, grid automation, critical power and cooling for data centers, and energy management and industrial software, under brands including Square D, APC, AVEVA, Clipsal, Merlin Gerin, Telemecanique and Modicon. The company earns most of its revenue from product and system sales to distributors, panel builders, contractors, utilities, data-center operators and industrial customers. It reported revenue of 40.15 billion euros and net income of 4.35 billion euros for 2025 and employed about 177,000 people in 2024. Schneider Electric is registered as a Societas Europaea, trades on Euronext Paris as part of the CAC 40 and Euro Stoxx 50 indices, and is led by chief executive Olivier Blum and chairman Jean-Pascal Tricoire. Its history begins in 1836, when brothers Adolphe and Eugène Schneider took over an iron foundry in Le Creusot and founded Schneider-Creusot, a maker of steel, heavy machinery and transport equipment that later refocused on electrical equipment.

ABB is a Swiss-Swedish electrification and automation group headquartered in Zurich and incorporated in Switzerland as ABB Ltd. It was formed in 1988 by the merger of Sweden's ASEA, founded in 1883, and Switzerland's Brown, Boveri & Cie, founded in 1891, creating a group with about $15 billion of revenue and 160,000 employees at the time. Its roughly 20 divisions sit in four business areas: Electrification, Motion, Process Automation, and Robotics & Discrete Automation. It sells electrical distribution products such as circuit breakers, motors and drives, industrial robots and automation systems to industrial, utility, building and infrastructure customers. ABB sold its power grids business to Hitachi in 2020, spun off its turbocharging business in 2022, and in October 2025 agreed to sell its industrial robotics unit, with about 7,000 employees and $2.3 billion of 2024 revenue, to SoftBank Group for $5.4 billion. Major 21st-century acquisitions include Baldor Electric, Thomas & Betts and GE Industrial Solutions. The shares are listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange and Nasdaq Stockholm, and Morten Wierod has been chief executive since August 2024.

Founded in 1911 by Joseph Eaton, the eponymous company began by selling truck axles in New Jersey. Eaton has since become an industrial powerhouse largely through acquisitions in various end markets. Eaton’s portfolio can broadly be divided into two parts: its electrical and industrial businesses. Its electrical portfolio (representing around 70% of company revenue) sells components within data centers, utilities, and commercial and residential buildings, while its industrial business (30% of revenue) sells components within commercial and passenger vehicles and aircraft. Eaton receives favorable tax treatment as a domiciliary of Ireland, but it generates over half of its revenue within the US.

Hitachi Ltd is engaged in diverse businesses spanning industries, energy, IT, and real estate. The company operates through four business segments. The Connective Industries segment covers elevators, escalators, home appliances, air conditioning, semiconductor manufacturing equipment, medical analyzers, industrial and distribution solutions, water and environmental solutions, and industrial equipment. The Digital Systems & Services segment offers system integration, consulting, cloud services, IT products, software, and ATMs. The Green Energy & Mobility segment focuses on power grids, renewable energy, nuclear power, and railway systems. The Others include real estate management, sales, and leasing. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Green Energy & Mobility segment.

Prologis is a publicly traded real estate investment trust that owns, develops and operates industrial and logistics properties. The company leases distribution facilities to manufacturers, retailers, transportation businesses and third-party logistics providers across the Americas, Europe and Asia. Its properties support the storage and movement of goods near consumer markets and transport infrastructure. Rental income from facilities is a principal source of operating revenue, while co-investment ventures provide a separate means of investing alongside institutional partners. Prologis also develops new buildings and acquires existing portfolios to expand its property operations. In September 2014, its European Logistics Partners venture with Norges Bank Investment Management acquired logistics facilities and development land in Madrid and Barcelona. The equal partnership held a European portfolio of approximately 5.3 million square metres after that transaction.

Parker Hannifin started out in 1917 as Parker Appliance, selling pneumatic brakes. Through the acquisition of branded components, the firm has expanded into aerospace engines, agricultural and construction machinery, freight and passenger vehicles, and industrial automation equipment. Within these larger systems, Parker sells a wide array of small, critical pieces such as hydraulic, electromechanical, climate control, and filtration components. Many of its products are designed to work together, resulting in a high rate of cross-selling.

Mitsubishi Corp. is Japan’s largest general trading house, or sogo shosha, a type of conglomerate unique to Japan. Its core role is that of a trading intermediary in a variety of industrial sectors, including resources businesses like energy and metals as well as non-resources businesses, both industrial ones like automotive and non-industrial ones like food, healthcare, and retail. In addition to acting as a trading intermediary (including midstream processing functions to convert inputs into final products), Mitsubishi also participates in upstream production businesses and downstream distribution businesses.

Equinix is a global digital-infrastructure company that develops and operates carrier-neutral data centres and interconnection services. Founded in Silicon Valley in 1998, it is headquartered in Redwood City, California, and is publicly listed on Nasdaq. Its International Business Exchange and xScale facilities give enterprises, cloud platforms, network operators, content providers and financial institutions places to deploy computing equipment and exchange data. Customers also use virtual networking, managed infrastructure, security and professional services to connect distributed applications across markets. Equinix earns recurring revenue primarily from colocation space, power, cross-connects and other subscription-like infrastructure services, supplemented by usage and service fees. Its platform spans hundreds of data centres across six continents and links customers to a large ecosystem of cloud and network providers. The company is structured as a real estate investment trust for United States federal income-tax purposes.

Itochu is a general trading house, or sogo shosha, a conglomerate type unique to Japan. The primary driver for sogo shoshas is trading and intermediation between businesses and leveraging their wide domestic and global information and contact networks to extract value. Itochu has historical roots as a textile trader, but over the years has expanded its portfolio from upstream minerals production, to midstream industrial machinery, food processing, and information and communication technology, and all the way to downstream textiles, convenience stores (Family Mart), and realty. Among the Big Five sogo shoshas, Itochu has the highest exposure to nonresource businesses and to domestic business. It continues to skew its future investments toward the downstream and consumer businesses.

3M is a Minnesota-based diversified technology and manufacturing company, founded on 13 June 1902 as the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company in Two Harbors, Minnesota, and headquartered in Maplewood, a suburb of Saint Paul, since 1962. It makes roughly 60,000 products including adhesives, abrasives, laminates, passive fire protection and personal protective equipment, and consumer brands such as Scotch Tape, Post-it notes and Nexcare bandages. It reported revenue of $24.9 billion and net income of $3.25 billion in 2025 and employed about 60,500 people. In July 2022 it announced the separation of its health care business, which became the independent public company Solventum on 1 April 2024, with 3M initially keeping a 19.9% stake. In 2019 it bought wound care company Acelity for about $6.7 billion.

Emerson Electric is an American industrial technology company headquartered in St. Louis, Missouri, that makes automation and control systems, measurement and analytical instruments, test equipment, industrial software and professional tools. Its products serve process and discrete industries such as oil and gas, power generation, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, water treatment and heating and air conditioning in more than 150 countries, and it also makes radar and avionics equipment for aerospace and defence. The company was founded on September 24, 1890 by John Wesley Emerson as Emerson Electric Manufacturing Co. to build electric motors, and in 1892 became the first to sell electric fans in the United States. Over the past decade it has reshaped itself around automation: it sold its Network Power business, now Vertiv, to Platinum Equity in 2016, sold its climate technologies business to Blackstone in stages between 2022 and 2024, and bought National Instruments for $8.2 billion in 2023; Aspen Technology is also a subsidiary. Emerson earns its revenue mainly by selling equipment, systems and software to industrial customers. In 2025 it reported revenue of $18.02 billion, operating income of $2.475 billion and net income of $2.293 billion, with about 71,000 employees. It is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is led by chief executive Lal Karsanbhai and chairman Jim Turley.

Atlas Copco is a 140-year-old Swedish company that pioneered air compression technology and remains a leading air compressor manufacturer. Atlas Copco is also a leading manufacturer of vacuum pump equipment, industrial power tools, and portable power and air compression equipment. The company's operations match the geographic breadth of its customers, with a presence in 180 countries. Atlas Copco's revenue is derived from three sources: initial equipment sales, spare parts, and maintenance.

American Tower owns and operates about 150,000 wireless towers throughout the US, Asia, Latin America, Europe, and Africa. It also owns and/or operates 30 data centers in 11 US markets after acquiring CoreSite. On its towers, the company has a very concentrated customer base, with most revenue in each market generated by the top few mobile carriers. The company operates more than 40,000 towers in the US, which accounted for about half of total revenue in 2024. Outside the US, American Tower operates about 47,000 towers in Latin America (dominated by Brazil), 32,000 towers in Europe, and 27,000 towers in Africa. American Tower operates as a REIT.

Mitsui is a general trading house, or sogo shosha, a type of conglomerate unique to Japan. Its core role is that of a trading intermediary in a variety of industrial sectors, including resources businesses like energy and metals as well as nonresources businesses, both industrial ones like machinery and nonindustrial ones like food, healthcare, and retail. In addition to acting as a trading intermediary (including midstream processing functions to convert inputs into final products), Mitsui participates in upstream production businesses and downstream distribution businesses. Among Japan’s large trading houses, Mitsui has the highest exposure to resources businesses.

Simon Property Group is the largest retail real estate investment trust in the United States. Its portfolio includes an interest in 254 properties: 114 traditional malls, 108 premium outlets, 14 Mills centers (a combination of a traditional mall, outlet center, and big-box retailers), six lifestyle centers, and 12 other retail properties. Simon's portfolio averaged $736 in sales per square foot over the trailing 12 months. The company also owns a 22% interest in Klepierre, a European retail company with investments in shopping centers in 14 countries, and joint-venture interests in 33 premium outlets across 14 countries.

Honeywell traces its roots to 1885 with Albert Butz’s firm, Butz Thermo-Electric Regulator, which produced a predecessor to the modern thermostat. Other inventions by Honeywell include biodegradable detergent and autopilot. Today, Honeywell is a global multi-industry behemoth with one of the largest installed bases of equipment. It operates through four business segments: aerospace technologies, industrial automation, energy and sustainability solutions, and building automation. Recently, Honeywell has made several portfolio changes to focus on fewer end markets and align with a set of secular growth trends. The firm is working diligently to expand its installed base, deriving around one third of its revenue from recurring aftermarket services.

Vingroup JSC is a Vietnam-based company engaged in construction and provides retail outlets, commercial offices for lease, residential units for lease and sale. It also carries out investment activities, to provide the management service and to conduct other businesses. The company operates through the segments of Sale of inventory properties, Leasing investment properties and related services, Hospitality, entertainment and other services, Health care and related services, Education services, Retail services, Manufacturing activities, and Others. The company generates the majority of its revenue from Sale of inventory properties including developing and trading apartments and villas at real estate projects of the group.

Digital Realty is a real estate investment trust that owns and operates carrier-neutral data centers, headquartered in Austin, Texas after relocating there in January 2021. It was established in 2004 by GI Partners, which contributed 21 data centers acquired in bankruptcy auctions, and it trades on the New York Stock Exchange as DLR and is a member of the S&P 500. In 2023 it operated over 300 facilities in more than 25 countries, and it reported revenue of US$4.69 billion in 2022 with about 3,450 employees. It earns rent and fees from colocation, interconnection and large-scale space leased to cloud providers, enterprises and carriers. Its large acquisitions include DuPont Fabros Technology in 2017, Ascenty in 2018 for US$1.8 billion, and Interxion, announced in October 2019 at a US$8.4 billion enterprise value and completed on 12 March 2020. Andrew Power is chief executive.

Public Storage is the largest owner of self-storage facilities in the US, with more than 3,300 self-storage facilities in 40 states and approximately 245 million square feet of rentable space. Through equity interests, it also has exposure to the European self-storage market through Shurgard Self Storage. The company also has a merchandise business, a third-party property management business, and an insurance business that offers products to cover losses for the goods in self-storage facilities.

Realty Income owns roughly 15,600 properties, most of which are freestanding, single-tenant, triple-net-leased retail properties. Its properties are located in 49 states and Puerto Rico and are leased to 250 tenants from 47 industries. Recent acquisitions have added industrial, gaming, office, manufacturing, and distribution properties, which make up roughly 20% of revenue.

AvalonBay Communities owns a portfolio of 295 apartment communities with almost 90,000 units and is developing 20 additional properties with approximately 7,300 units. The company focuses on owning large, high-quality properties in major metropolitan areas of New England, New York/New Jersey, Washington, D.C., California, and the Pacific Northwest.

Marubeni is a general trading house, or sogo shosha, a type of conglomerate unique to Japan. Its core role is that of a trading intermediary in a variety of industrial sectors, including resources businesses such as energy and metals as well as nonresources businesses, both industrial ones like machinery and nonindustrial ones like food, real estate, and retail. In addition to acting as a trading intermediary (including midstream processing functions to convert inputs into final products), Marubeni also participates in upstream production businesses and downstream distribution businesses.

CITIC Ltd is a Hong Kong-based conglomerate. The company has comprehensively deepened reforms, promoted high-quality development and continuously enhanced its value creation capability and shareholder returns. Along with its subsidiaries, it operates in the following reportable segments: Comprehensive Financial Services, Advanced Intelligent Manufacturing, Advanced Materials, New Consumption, and New-type urbanisation. Maximum revenue is generated from the Advanced Materials segment, which includes exploration, processing, and trading of resources and energy products, including iron ore, copper, and crude oil, and the manufacturing of special steels. Geographically, the group generates maximum revenue from the Chinese mainland, followed by Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, and Overseas markets.

Sumitomo Corp. is a general trading house, or sogo shosha, a type of conglomerate unique to Japan. Its core role is that of a trading intermediary in a variety of industrial sectors, including resource businesses such as energy and metals as well as nonresource businesses, both industrial ones like machinery and nonindustrial ones like food, media, and retail. In addition to acting as a trading intermediary (including midstream processing functions to convert inputs into final products), Sumitomo also participates in upstream production businesses and downstream distribution businesses.

Roper Technologies is a holding company focused on acquiring, managing, and developing niche market-leading technology businesses. The company operates a decentralized business model whereby each portfolio company operates independently from the others. Roper positions itself as a free cash flow compounder, whereby excess free cash flow generated by its portfolio businesses is repatriated to the parent company, which is then utilized to acquire additional businesses. Presently, the company operates 30 distinct businesses with over three-fourths of the revenue coming from software products and over two-thirds of revenue coming from recurring and reoccurring sources.

Ventas owns a diversified healthcare portfolio of almost 1,400 in-place properties spread across the senior housing, medical office, hospital, life science, and skilled nursing/post-acute care. The portfolio includes almost 100 properties in Canada and the United Kingdom as the company looks for additional investment opportunities in countries with mature healthcare systems that operate similarly to the United States. The firm also owns mortgages and other loans, contributing about 1% of net operating income.

Sandvik is a manufacturer of specialized tools and mining equipment used predominantly by global mining, engineering, and automotive customers. The group is composed of three segments: mining and rock solutions, rock processing, and machining. Sandvik was founded in 1862 and listed on the Nordic Exchange in Stockholm in 1901.

Mexico-based Femsa is a beverage and retail conglomerate in Central and South America. The holding company owns controlling stakes in bottler Coca-Cola Femsa (47% economic stake, 56% voting rights), in addition to operating 100%-owned retail assets, including convenience stores under the Oxxo banner, drugstores, and gas stations. The firm divested its 15% stake in Heineken and its distribution business in 2023. Coca-Cola Femsa and the Oxxo chain made up 75% of total company revenue and over 90% of profits in 2024.

Sun Hung Kai Properties is a diversified real estate developer in Hong Kong with a core focus on the residential, office, and retail real estate segments. Most of its business is based in Hong Kong, where it is a leading private housing developer and holds a portfolio of high-quality retail and office properties for rental income. The company also invests in other listed entities, including a telecommunications company, SmarTone, and a data center provider, SUNeVision. The family of the late founder, Kwok Tak Seng, is the controlling shareholder, with a stake of more than 40%.

With roots tracing back to the early 1900s, Rockwell Automation is the successor to Rockwell International, which spun off its avionics segment in 2001. It is a pure-play industrial automation company that operates through three segments. Its largest segment by revenue, intelligent devices, sells factory floor-level devices such as motors, drives, sensors, relays, and actuators. Its software and control segment sells visualization, simulation, and human-machine interface software and control products such as programmable controllers, computers, and operator terminals. Its smallest segment, lifecycle services, offers digital consulting, engineered-to-order services, and other outsourced services such as remote monitoring, cybersecurity, and asset and plant maintenance and optimization.

Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd is a holding company. The company's segment includes Automotive; Farm Equipment and Services. It generates maximum revenue from the Automotive segment. The Automotive segment comprises the sale of automobiles, spares, mobility solutions, construction equipment, and related services. Geographically, it derives a majority of its revenue from India.

With operations in 126 markets across 36 states, D.R. Horton is the leading homebuilder in the United States. It mainly builds single-family detached homes (87% of home sales revenue) and offers products to entry-level, move-up, luxury buyers, and active adults. The company offers homebuyers mortgage financing and title agency services through its financial services segment. D.R. Horton's headquarters are in Arlington, Texas, and it manages six regional segments across the United States.

Goodman Group owns, manages, and develops industrial properties in 13 countries, historically in Australia but increasingly worldwide. Around half of its operating earnings come from development, a third from management, and the rest from property investment. Most developments are undertaken on behalf of third parties or fund investors. Goodman earns fees in return for development management services. Completed projects are either sold or reside in one of Goodman’s funds or partnerships. Goodman typically retains ownership stakes in the investment vehicles and continues to manage the sites after completion, collecting investment management base fees, performance fees, property services fees, and a share of rental income.

Adani Enterprises Ltd is a holding company. The company's segment includes Integrated Resources Management, Mining, Commercial Mining, New Energy Ecosystem, Road, Airport, and others. The company generates maximum revenue from the Integrated Resources Management segment.

Crown Castle owns or manages roughly 40,000 wireless towers in the United States. It leases space on its towers to wireless service providers, which install equipment to support their wireless networks. The company has a very concentrated customer base, with about 75% of its revenue from the Big Three US mobile carriers: Verizon, T-Mobile, and AT&T. Crown Castle has plans to divest its fiber business, which is expected to be finalized in the first half of 2026. After that, it will be a stand-alone tower operator. Crown Castle operates as a real estate investment trust.

WEG SA is a Brazilian electrical engineering and automation company listed on the B3 exchange and headquartered in Jaragua do Sul, Santa Catarina. It was founded on 16 September 1961 by Werner Ricardo Voigt, Eggon Joao da Silva and Geraldo Werninghaus, and its name is an acronym of their initials. The company makes electric motors, generators, transformers, drives, industrial automation and control products, gearboxes, switchgear, wind turbines, battery storage systems and coatings and varnishes. In 2025 its net revenue reached R$40.8 billion, of which 59 percent came from markets outside Brazil. It has grown through acquisitions across Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas, the largest being the 2023 purchase of the industrial motors and generators business of Regal Rexnord for USD 400 million. Alberto Kuba serves as chief executive and Decio da Silva as chairman, and the company keeps a United States base in Duluth, Georgia.

Toyota Tsusho Corp is a Japan-based company involved in trading diverse products, along with the manufacturing, processing, sales, investment, and related service activities. The company operates through segments including Africa, Circular Economy, Digital Solutions, Green Infrastructure, Lifestyle, Metal Plus, Mobility, Supply Chain, and Others. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Metal Plus segment, which processes, manufactures, treats, and sells steel products and nonferrous metal ingots, among others.

CK Hutchison is a Hong Kong-based multinational conglomerate incorporated in the Cayman Islands. It was formed through the 2015 reorganisation that combined Cheung Kong Holdings and Hutchison Whampoa, and it remains led by the family of Li Ka-shing. The group runs four core businesses: ports and related services, retail, infrastructure and telecommunications. Its ports arm develops and operates container terminals in many countries. The retail arm, A.S. Watson, trades health and beauty and supermarket brands in Asia and Europe. The infrastructure division holds energy, water, waste, transportation and household infrastructure through listed group companies. The telecommunications arm operates mobile networks under the 3 brand in several markets. A finance and investments segment holds stakes in companies such as Cenovus Energy, HUTCHMED, TOM Group and Marionnaud. The group grows by acquiring businesses and equity stakes, forming joint ventures, and recycling capital by selling or merging assets.

Extra Space Storage is a fully integrated real estate investment trust that owns, operates, and manages more than 4,400 self-storage properties in 42 states, with over 340 million net rentable square feet of storage space. Of these properties, approximately one half is wholly owned, while some facilities are owned through joint ventures and others are owned by third parties and managed by Extra Space Storage in exchange for a management fee.

Samsung C&T is a South Korean construction, trading and consumer-business group headquartered in Seoul and listed on the Korea Exchange, and it is often regarded as the de facto holding company of the Samsung group because of its large stakes in other Samsung affiliates. It is organised into Engineering & Construction, Trading & Investment, Fashion and Resort groups, plus a biopharmaceutical business built around its stake in contract manufacturer Samsung Biologics. The construction group is an engineering, procurement and construction contractor known for skyscrapers such as the Burj Khalifa, the Petronas Towers, Merdeka 118 and Taipei 101; the trading group handles international trade in industrial goods; the fashion group sells apparel brands such as Bean Pole; and the resort group runs the Everland and Caribbean Bay theme parks, golf courses and the Samsung Welstory food service business. In 2025 the company reported revenue of KRW 40.742 trillion and operating profit of KRW 3.293 trillion, with construction contributing KRW 14.1 trillion and trading KRW 14.6 trillion, and it employs more than 17,000 people. Samsung C&T was founded in 1938 by Lee Byung-chul as the first Samsung company, was designated Korea's first general trading company in 1975, merged with Samsung Construction in 1995 and combined with Cheil Industries in September 2015.

Iron Mountain Inc is an information management services provider organized and operated as a real estate investment trust. The company offers solutions to its clients to address their information management, digital transformation, information security, data center, and asset lifecycle management (ALM) needs. Its customers come from various industries, including commercial, legal, financial, healthcare, technology, etc. The company has two reportable segments: Global Records and Information Management (Global RIM) and Global Data Center. Maximum revenue is generated from the Global RIM segment, which offers data and records management, secure shredding, consumer storage, and other related services. Geographically, the company generates maximum revenue from the United States.

Emaar Properties PJSC is engaged in property investment, development, and development management, shopping malls and retail, hospitality, property management, utility services, and investments in providers of financial services. Its segments are, namely, real estate (develop, sell, and manage condominiums, villas, commercial units and plots of land), leasing, retail and related activities (develop, lease and manage malls, retail, commercial, and residential spaces), and hospitality (develop, own, and/or manage hotels, serviced apartments and leisure activities). It earns revenue from sources other than property sales, leasing, retail and related activities, and hospitality, and this revenue is included in other operating income. The majority of revenue comes from real estate.

Mitsubishi Estate is one of the three big Japanese real estate companies. Around two thirds of its operating profit comes from leasing office space in Japan, where half of its portfolio is concentrated in the prime Marunouchi/Otemachi district between Tokyo station and the Imperial Palace. Mitsubishi Estate’s predecessor originally bought this land from the government in 1890, and the company sees itself as steward of the showcase area’s long-term development, rarely if ever selling any properties there.

China State Construction Engineering Corp Ltd is a construction and real estate conglomerate. The company conducts its operations through five segments: Housing Construction segment, Infrastructure Construction and Investment segment, Real Estate Development and Investment segment, Design & Survey segment, and Others segment. It derives the majority of its revenue from the Housing Construction segment. The company's services include product technology research and development, survey and design, real estate development, engineering contracting, equipment manufacturing, asset operation, and property management.