TOTO Valuation Multiples

Nvidia is a leading developer of graphics processing units. Traditionally, GPUs were used to enhance the experience on computing platforms, most notably in gaming applications on PCs. GPU use cases have since emerged as important semiconductors used in artificial intelligence to run large language models. Nvidia not only offers AI GPUs, but also a software platform, Cuda, used for AI model development and training. Nvidia is also expanding its data center networking solutions, helping to tie GPUs together to handle complex workloads.

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. is the world's largest dedicated chip foundry, with about 70% market share in 2025. TSMC was founded in 1987 as a joint venture of Philips, the government of Taiwan, and private investors. It went public in Taiwan in 1994 and as an ADR in the US in 1997. TSMC's scale and high-quality technology allow the firm to generate solid operating margins, even in the highly competitive foundry business. Furthermore, the shift to the fabless business model has created tailwinds for TSMC. The foundry leader has an illustrious base of customers, including Apple, AMD, and Nvidia, that look to apply its cutting-edge process technologies to their semiconductor designs. TSMC employs more than 83,000 people.

Broadcom is one of the largest semiconductor companies in the world and has also expanded into infrastructure software. Its semiconductors primarily serve computing, wired connectivity, and wireless connectivity. It has a significant position in custom AI chips to train and run inference for large language models. It is primarily a fabless designer but holds some manufacturing in-house. In software, it sells virtualization, infrastructure, and security software to large enterprises, financial institutions, and governments. Broadcom is the product of consolidation. Its businesses are an amalgamation of former companies like legacy Broadcom and Avago Technologies in chips, as well as VMware, Brocade, CA Technologies, and Symantec in software.

Micron is one of the largest semiconductor companies in the world, specializing in memory and storage chips. Its primary revenue stream comes from dynamic random access memory, or DRAM, and it also has minority exposure to not-and or NAND, flash chips. Micron serves a global customer base, selling chips into data centers, mobile phones, consumer electronics, and industrial and automotive applications. The firm is vertically integrated.

Advanced Micro Devices designs a variety of digital semiconductors for markets such as PCs, gaming consoles, data centers (including artificial intelligence), industrial, and automotive applications. AMD’s traditional strength was in central processing units and graphics processing units used in PCs and data centers. However, AMD is emerging as a prominent player in AI GPUs and related hardware. Additionally, the firm supplies the chips found in prominent game consoles such as the Sony PlayStation and Microsoft Xbox.

ASML is the leader in lithography systems for manufacturing semiconductors with 90% market share. Lithography is the process in which a light source is used to expose circuit patterns from a photo mask onto a semiconductor wafer. Lithography allows chipmakers to increase the number of transistors on the same area of silicon, with lithography historically representing a high portion of the cost of making cutting-edge chips. ASML outsources the manufacturing of most of its parts, acting like an assembler. ASML’s largest clients are TSMC, Samsung, and Intel.

Applied Materials is the largest semiconductor wafer fabrication equipment manufacturer in the world. It has a broad portfolio spanning nearly every corner of the WFE ecosystem. Applied Materials holds leading market share in deposition, which entails the layering of new materials on semiconductor wafers. It is more exposed to general-purpose logic chips made at integrated device manufacturers and foundries. It counts the largest chipmakers in the world as customers, including TSMC, Intel, and Samsung.

Lam Research is one of the largest semiconductor wafer fabrication equipment manufacturers in the world. It specializes in deposition and etch, which entail the buildup of layers on a semiconductor and the subsequent selective removal of patterns from each layer. Lam holds the top market share in etch and holds the clear second share in deposition. It is more exposed to memory chipmakers for DRAM and NAND chips. It counts as top customers the largest chipmakers in the world, including TSMC, Samsung, Intel, and Micron.

Arm Holdings is the IP owner and developer of the ARM architecture, which is used in 99% of the world’s smartphone CPU cores, and it also has high market share in other battery-powered devices like wearables, tablets, or sensors. Arm licenses its architecture for a fee, offering different types of licenses depending on the flexibility the customer needs. Customers like Apple or Qualcomm buy architectural licenses, which allow them to modify the architecture and add or delete instructions to tailor the chips to their specific needs. Other clients directly buy off-the-shelf designs from Arm. Both off-the-shelf and architectural customers pay a royalty fee per chip shipped.

Marvell Technology is a fabless chip designer focused on wired networking, where it has the second-highest market share. Marvell serves the data center, carrier, enterprise, automotive, and consumer end markets with processors, optical and copper transceivers, switches, and storage controllers.

Dell Technologies is a broad information technology vendor, primarily supplying hardware to enterprises. It focuses on premium and commercial personal computers, as well as enterprise on-premises data center hardware. It holds top-three market shares in its core markets of personal computers, peripheral displays, mainstream servers, and external storage. Dell has a robust ecosystem of component and assembly partners, and also relies heavily on channel partners to fulfill its sales.

Qualcomm develops and licenses wireless technology and designs chips for smartphones. The company's key patents revolve around CDMA and OFDMA technologies, which are standards in wireless communications that are the backbone of all 3G, 4G, and 5G networks. Qualcomm's IP is licensed by virtually all wireless device makers. The firm is also the world's largest wireless chip vendor, supplying nearly every premier handset maker with leading-edge processors. Qualcomm also sells RF-front end modules into smartphones, as well as chips into automotive and Internet of Things markets.

Nebius is a vertically integrated cloud provider focusing on AI and high-performance computing. It is a carve-out of the previous Russian tech firm Yandex, following the Russian sanctions since the Ukraine-Russia war. Nebius designs and operates its own data centers and servers across Europe and the US, with a total capacity of several hundred megawatts. In September 2025, Microsoft became a major Nebius client under a multiyear $17 billion revenue agreement to provide computing capacity.

Astera Labs Inc designs and delivers semiconductor-based connectivity solutions for cloud and AI infrastructure. Its Intelligent Connectivity Platform integrates semiconductor technology, microcontrollers, sensors, and software to enhance performance, scalability, and data management. The company offers products such as integrated circuits (ICs), boards, and modules, catering to hyperscalers and system OEMs. The company's solutions focus on data, network, and memory management in AI-driven platforms. Geographically, the company operates in Singapore, China, Taiwan, and United States, of which maximum revenue is derived from United States.

A merger between Italian firm SGS Microelettronica and the nonmilitary business of Thomson Semiconducteurs in France formed STMicroelectronics in 1987. STMicroelectronics is a leader in a variety of semiconductor products, including analog chips, discrete power semiconductors, microcontrollers, and sensors. It is an especially prominent chip supplier to the industrial and automotive industries.

CoreWeave Inc is a modern cloud infrastructure technology company that offers the CoreWeave Cloud Platform which consists of proprietary software and cloud services that deliver the automation and efficiency needed to manage complex AI infrastructure at scale. Its platform supports the development and use of ground-breaking models and the delivery of the next generation of AI applications that are changing the way of living and working across the globe.

Hewlett Packard Enterprise is an information technology vendor that provides hardware and software to enterprises. Its primary product lines are compute servers, storage arrays, and networking equipment; it also has a high-performance computing business. HPE's stated goal is to be a complete edge-to-cloud company. Its portfolio enables hybrid clouds and hyperconverged infrastructure.

Cerebras Systems Inc is an AI company. It designs the world's fastest AI infrastructure for training and inference. The company builds the world's largest semiconductor as well as the AI systems to power, cool, and feed the processors data. It develops software to link these systems together into industry-leading supercomputers that are simple to use even for the most complicated AI work, using familiar ML frameworks like PyTorch. Customers use its supercomputers to train industry-leading models. The company uses these supercomputers to run inference at speeds unobtainable from alternative commercial technologies. It delivers these AI capabilities to its customers on-premise and via the cloud. The company generates the majority of its revenue from the USA.

SJ Semiconductor Corp is engaged in mid-stage silicon wafer processing and back-end packaging business in the packaging and testing industry for integrated circuits.

Moore Threads Technology Co Ltd is principally engaged in the R&D, design and sales of graphics processing units(GPUs) and related products. The business includes providing technical services, technology development, technical consulting, technology exchanges, technology transfers, technology promotion and information system integration. Besides chip design and sales, it also engages in import-export activities related to technology and hardware products.

MetaX Integrated Circuits (Shanghai) Co Ltd is engaged in the research, design, and sale of high-performance GPU chips and computing platforms. Its business activities include technical services, technology development, consulting, and technology transfer in the areas of integrated circuit, electronic, communication, computer software and hardware, and network technologies. The company also provides integrated circuit design, software development, and sells electronic products.

Shanghai Iluvatar CoreX Semiconductor Co Ltd offers GPGPU products and AI computing solutions across diverse industries. Its product portfolio includes GPGPU chips and accelerators, as well as customized AI computing solutions, including GPGPU servers and clusters, that combine its hardware with proprietary software stack to address specific customer needs in training and inference scenarios. The company specializes in the research, design, and deployment of advanced GPGPU products and AI computing solutions across diverse industries.

Super Micro Computer Inc provides high-performance server technology services to cloud computing, data centers, high-performance computing, and the Internet of Things embedded markets. Its solutions include servers, storage systems, modular blade servers, workstations, full-rack scale solutions, networking devices, server sub-systems, and server management. These turn-key solutions are designed, developed, validated, and installed for AI datacenters. The company has one operating segment that develops and provides high-performance server solutions based upon a, modular and open-standard architecture. More than half of the firm's revenue is generated in the United States, with the rest coming from Europe, Asia, and other regions.

Shanghai Biren Technology Co Ltd is engaged in developing general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) chips and GPGPU-based intelligent computing solutions to provide the foundational computing power required by AI. The company's business activities are sales of GPGPU and other ready-to-use applications and provision of application development and other services mainly in the PRC. It provides solutions that combine self-developed GPGPU-based hardware (BILI series) with the proprietary BIRENSUPA software platform, supporting AI model training and inference across cloud and edge applications. The company generates the majority of revenue from the sales of Intelligent computing solutions.

Somnigroup International Inc is a bedding company, dedicated to improving people's lives through good sleep. With superior capabilities in design, manufacturing, distribution and retail, It delivers breakthrough sleep solutions and serves the evolving needs of consumers in more than 100 countries world-wide through its fully-owned businesses, Tempur Sealy, Mattress Firm and Dreams. The company's portfolio includes the brand such as Tempur-Pedic, Sealy and Stearns & Foster, and its Multinational omnichannel platform enables the company to meet consumers wherever shop, offering a personal connection and innovation to provide a retail experience and tailored solutions.

CCL Industries Inc manufactures and sells packaging and packaging-related products. The company operates through various segments, which include The CCL segment, which generates the majority of revenue, and sells pressure-sensitive and extruded film materials used for labels on consumer packaging, healthcare, automotive, and consumer durable products. The Avery segment sells software, labels, tags, dividers, badges, and specialty card products under the Avery brand. The Checkpoint segment includes the manufacturing and selling of technology-driven, inventory management and labeling solutions. Innovia segment manufactures specialty films. Its geographical segments include Canada; USA and Puerto Rico; Mexico, Brazil, Chile, and Argentina; Europe; and Asia, Australia, Africa, and New Zealand.

Core Scientific Inc is engaged in designing, building and operating digital infrastructure for high-performance computing. The business operates in three operating segments; Digital Asset Self-Mining, consisting of performing digital asset mining for the own account, Digital Asset Hosted Mining, consisting of providing hosting services to third parties for digital asset mining, and HPC Hosting, consisting of providing hosting services to third parties for graphics processing unit (GPU) based HPC hosting operations. The majority of revenue is derived from the Digital Asset Self-Mining Segment.

D-Wave Quantum Inc is in the development and delivery of quantum computing systems, software, and services, and it is the commercial supplier of quantum computers and the only company building both annealing quantum computers and gate-model quantum computers. It delivers customer value with practical quantum applications for problems as diverse as logistics, artificial intelligence, materials sciences, drug discovery, scheduling, cybersecurity, fault detection, and financial modeling. Its annealing quantum computers are accessible through the company’s LeapTM cloud service.

Nitori Holdings Co Ltd is a Japan-based company engaged in the sale of furniture and interior goods. The company operates through two business segments. The Nitori Business segment is involved in the development, manufacturing, and sale of furniture and interior goods, along with activities such as real estate leasing, advertising, and logistics services. The Shimachu Business segment focuses on the sale of furniture, interior goods, and home center products. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Nitori Business segment.

Mohawk Industries Inc manufactures a wide range of flooring products, including carpets, rugs, ceramic tile, laminate, wood, luxury vinyl tile, and vinyl flooring. Its operating segments include Global Ceramic, Flooring North America, and Flooring Rest of the World. The company generates maximum revenue from the Global Ceramic segment. Global Ceramic designs, manufactures, sources, distributes and markets a broad line of ceramic, porcelain and natural stone tile products used for floor and wall applications in residential and commercial channels for both remodeling and new construction. Geographically, it derives a majority of its revenue from the United States, while it also operates in Latin America, Europe and Others.

Howden Joinery Group PLC is a U.K.-based company that manufactures, sources, and sells kitchen and joinery products. The Group’s operations are mainly located in the United Kingdom with a small presence in France, Belgium, and the Republic of Ireland. It generates the majority of its revenue from the U.K. The firm caters to small, local homebuilders. The company's products are divided among its kitchen collection, which includes kitchen accessories and cabinets; the appliance collection, which includes ovens, refrigeration, dishwashers, and laundry; the doors and joinery collection, which includes internal, external, and sliding doors and frames; the hardware collection, which includes door handles and accessories; the flooring collection; and the bathroom cabinet collection.

Floor & Decor Holdings Inc operates as a specialty retailer in the hard surface flooring market. Its stores offer a range of tile, wood, laminate, and natural stone flooring products, as well as decorative and installation accessories at everyday low prices. It appeals to a variety of customers including professional installers, commercial businesses, Do It Yourself (DIY) customers, and customers who buy the products for professional installation. Geographically, the group has a presence in the United States region and also offers its product through an e-commerce site. The company segments include retail segment and others.

Fortune Brands Innovations Inc is a home, security, and digital products company. It offers products like faucets, accessories, luxury hardware, kitchen sinks, locks, electronic security products, exterior door systems, etc, through various brands such as Moen, ROHL, Riobel, Therma-Tru, Master Lock, American Lock, Yale, etc. The company sells products via dealers, distributors, showrooms, and e-commerce. Its reportable segments are: Water Innovations (Water), Outdoors, and Security. Maximum revenue is generated from the Water segment, which manufactures or assembles and sells faucets, accessories, luxury hardware, kitchen sinks, and waste disposals under different brands. Geographically, the firm derives its key revenue from the United States, followed by China, Canada, and other markets.

Xanadu Quantum Technologies Inc specializes in designing photonic devices and the platforms around them, including the experimentation and development of quantum computers available on the cloud with supporting software, along with quantum simulators and other related products and offerings.

ChronoScale Corp is focused on providing computing infrastructure for artificial intelligence workloads. It offers GPU-based infrastructure for AI training, inference, and high-performance computing.

Oppein Home Group Inc is engaged in personalized design, research and development, production, sales, installation, and interior decoration services for whole-house customized home products. The company's main product lines include complete kitchen cabinetry, customized wardrobes, bathroom furnishings, and wooden doors.

Vohringer Home Technology Co Ltd, formerly Shanghai Vohringer Wood Product Co Ltd is engaged in the development and sale of wood flooring and wood custom furniture for the whole house. The company's main products include laminate flooring, multi-layer parquet, three-layer solid wood flooring, pure wooden floors.

Jason Furniture (Hangzhou) Co Ltd is a China-based company engaged in the Research and development, design, production and sales of mid- to high-end sofas, soft beds and other soft furniture products for living rooms and bedrooms.

Higold Group Co Ltd is engaged in Research and development, design, production and sales of household hardware and outdoor furniture.

HNI Corp is a provider of commercial furnishings and hearth products. Its two reportable segments are workplace furnishings and residential building products. The workplace furnishings segment includes furniture systems, seating, storage, tables, architectural products, ancillary products, and hospitality products. The residential building products segment includes various gas, wood, electric, and pellet-fueled fireplaces, inserts, stoves, facings, outdoor fire pits and fire tables, and accessories. The company's products are sold through independent dealers, distributors, eCommerce retailers, wholesalers, and retail outlets. A majority of the firm's revenue is generated from the Workplace furnishings segment. Geographically, it operates in the United States.

Central Garden & Pet Co offers solutions that support healthier pets, greener lawns, and thriving gardens. Its products include dog and cat treats, chews, toys, beds, containment, grooming supplies, aquatics, small animal and bird supplies, equine and livestock products, insect control solutions, grass seed, wild bird feed, fertilizers, pest controls, live plants, and packet seeds, sold under brands such as Aqueon, Nylabone, Kaytee, Farnam, Pennington, Ferry Morse, Amdro, and Sevin. The company operates through two segments, Pet and Garden, and sells through retailers, independent stores, eCommerce channels, and professional markets. It has sales and distribution operations mainly across the United States, with additional facilities in Canada and Mexico.

Husqvarna AB provides products and solutions for managing forests, parks, and gardens. The product range includes robotic mowers, battery and petrol-powered chainsaws, trimmers, riding lawn mowers, as well as watering solutions. In addition, the group offers equipment for sawing and drilling in concrete surfaces, floor preparation, as well as diamond tools for the light construction industry. Its products are marketed mainly under the Husqvarna and Gardena brands. The group's operating segments include the Husqvarna Forest and Garden Division, which generates key revenue, the Gardena Division, and the Husqvarna Construction Division. Geographically, it generates maximum revenue from the United States and the rest from Germany, France, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Austria, and other regions.

POET Technologies Inc is a design and development company offering high-speed optical engines, light source products, and custom optical modules to the artificial intelligence systems market and hyperscale data centers. Its integration solutions are based on the POET Optical Interposer, a novel, patented platform that allows the seamless integration of electronic and photonic devices into a single chip using wafer-level semiconductor manufacturing techniques. POET’s Optical Interposer platform also solves device integration challenges across a broad range of communication, computing, and sensing applications. The company operates geographically in the United States, Canada, Singapore and China.

Welspun Living Ltd Formerly Welspun India Ltd is an India-based company that makes and sells home textiles. The company's products consist of towels, bath robes, bath rugs and mats, area rugs, carpets, bed sheets, utility bedding, and fashion bedding. The company owns several brands, including Christy, Spaces, Welhome, and Others. The company has a world-wide distribution network, with the United States, the United Kingdom, and Europe.

Man Wah Holdings Ltd is an investment holding company. The company's segment includes Sofas and ancillary products; Bedding and ancillary products; Other products; Other business and Home Group business. It generates maximum revenue from the Sofas and ancillary products segment. Sofas and ancillary products segment manufacture and distribution of sofas and ancillary products through wholesale and distributors other than those by Home Group Ltd and its subsidiaries. Geographically, it derives a majority of its revenue from PRC (including Hong Kong and Macau) and also ahs its presence in North America, Europe and others.

La-Z-Boy Inc is a U.S.-based company that manufactures, distributes, and retails upholstery furniture products. It is a producer of reclining chairs and distributors of residential furniture in the U.S. The company chiefly operates in the United States but also has secondary operations in Canada and other countries. The company's reportable segments include the Wholesale segment, which manufactures and imports upholstered furniture; Retail, which sells upholstered and case goods furniture to the end consumer and corporate and others. The majority of the company's revenue is derived from its Wholesale segment.

SharonAI Holdings Inc is a high-performance computing (HPC) company deploying large-scale energy and compute infrastructure, USA energy markets and infrastructure asset management. Its services include: Sovereign AI Australia, GPU-as-a-Service, SHARON AI Cloud, SHARON AI Private Cloud, Virtual Private Clusters, HPC Servers, SHARON AI Supercluster, GPU Fleet, Virtual Servers, Cloud Storage, AI Model Training, High-Performance Computing (HPC), and Video Encoding & Decoding. The company's products are: Sovereign AI Australia, GPU-as-a-Service, SHARON AI Cloud, SHARON AI Private Cloud, Virtual Private Clusters, HPC Servers, SHARON AI Supercluster, GPU Fleet, Virtual Servers, Cloud Storage, AI Model Training, High Performance Computing (HPC), and Video Encoding & Decoding.

Richelieu Hardware Ltd is a Canada-based company that imports, manufactures, and distributes specialty hardware and complementary products. Headquartered in Montreal, the company operates across Canada and the eastern and midwestern regions of the United States. The majority of the company's sales are derived from its operations in Canada. Richelieu's products include furniture, bathroom cabinet, glass, decorative, window, and door hardware, lighting systems, and kitchen and closet storage. The firm majorly serves home furnishing manufacturers, residential and commercial woodworkers, hardware retailers and renovation superstores.