Secure Blockchain Valuation Multiples

Palo Alto Networks is a platform-based cybersecurity vendor with product offerings covering network security, cloud security, and security operations. The California-based firm has more than 80,000 enterprise customers across the world, including more than three fourths of the Global 2000.

CrowdStrike is a cloud-native cybersecurity company specializing in security verticals such as endpoint, cloud workload, identity, and security operations. CrowdStrike's primary offering is its Falcon platform, which provides enterprises with a unified view to detect and respond to security threats across their IT infrastructure. The Austin, Texas-based firm was founded in 2011 and went public in 2019.

IBM (International Business Machines) is an American technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, and operating in more than 175 countries. It sells hybrid-cloud and AI software, including Red Hat and the watsonx portfolio, IT consulting services, and infrastructure hardware such as IBM Z mainframes. Its customers are mainly large enterprises and governments, and it earns revenue from software subscriptions and licences, consulting and managed-services contracts, and hardware sales and financing. In 2025 IBM reported revenue of $67.5 billion, up 8%, with software up 11%, consulting up 2% and infrastructure up 12%, and free cash flow of $14.7 billion. The company was founded in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company and renamed International Business Machines in 1924; it dominated mainframe computing with the System/360 and launched the IBM Personal Computer in 1981 before selling its PC division to Lenovo in 2005. More recently it bought Red Hat for $34 billion in 2019, spun off its managed infrastructure services unit as Kyndryl in 2021, and in December 2025 agreed to acquire data-streaming company Confluent for about $11 billion. Arvind Krishna is chairman and chief executive.

Fortinet is a platform-based cybersecurity vendor with product offerings covering network security, cloud security, zero-trust access, and security operations. The firm derives a majority of its revenue through sales of its subscriptions and support-based business. The California-based firm has more than 800,000 customers across the world.

Cloudflare is a software company based in San Francisco, California, that offers security and web performance offerings by utilizing a distributed, serverless content delivery network, or CDN. The firm’s edge computing platform, Workers, leverages this network by providing clients the ability to deploy and execute code without maintaining servers.

Strategy Inc is a bitcoin treasury company and a provider of business intelligence services. It is designed to provide investors varying degrees of economic exposure to Bitcoin by offering a range of securities, including equity and fixed-income instruments. The company also provides industry AI-powered enterprise analytics software. It has one reportable operating segment: the Software Business, which is engaged in the design, development, marketing, and sales of the company's enterprise analytics software platform through cloud subscriptions and licensing arrangements and related services (i.e., product support, consulting, and education). Geographically, the company operates in EMEA, U.S. and Other Regions, of which maximum revenue is derived from U.S..

Founded in 2009, Block provides payment services to merchants, along with related services. The company also launched Cash App, a person-to-person payment network. In 2025, Square's payment volume was almost USD 260 million.

Founded in 2012, Coinbase is the leading cryptocurrency exchange platform in the United States. The company intends to be the safe and regulation-compliant point of entry for retail investors and institutions into the cryptocurrency economy. Users can establish an account directly with the firm, instead of using an intermediary, and many choose to allow Coinbase to act as a custodian for their cryptocurrency, giving the company breadth beyond that of a traditional financial exchange. While the company still generates the majority of its revenue from transaction fees charged to its retail customers, Coinbase uses internal investment and acquisitions to expand into adjacent businesses, such as prime brokerage and data analytics.

Zscaler is a publicly listed cloud security software company founded in 2007 and headquartered in California. Its Zero Trust Exchange is a cloud-native platform that securely connects users, devices, applications and workloads without placing them on a traditional corporate network. The company sells subscription access to services for internet access security, private application access, data protection, cloud workload protection and digital experience monitoring. Zscaler primarily serves enterprises and public-sector organizations that are modernizing networks and moving applications and data to cloud environments. Its platform processes hundreds of billions of transactions per day and the company reports more than 11,000 customers, including over 40% of the Forbes Global 2000. Zscaler went public on Nasdaq under the ticker ZS in 2018. The business earns recurring software-as-a-service subscription and support revenue from organizations using its security cloud.

Okta is a cloud-native security company that focuses on identity and access management. The San Francisco-based firm went public in 2017 and focuses on two key client stakeholder groups: workforces and customers. Okta’s workforce offerings enable a company’s employees to securely access its cloud-based and on-premises resources. The firm’s customer offerings allow its clients’ customers to securely access the client’s applications.

Rubrik Inc is a company that offers data security solutions to organizations ranging from companies world-wide to mid-sized and smaller customers. Its platform is architected to help organizations achieve cyber resilience, which encompasses cyber posture and cyber recovery. The Company has one reportable segment, software and services. It enables organizations to confidently accelerate digital transformation and leverage the cloud to realize business agility. Geographically, the company operates in the Americas, EMEA (Europe, the Middle East, and Africa), and APAC (Asia Pacific). It generates maximum revenue from the Americas.

F5 is a market leader in the application delivery controller market. The company sells products for security, application performance, and automation. Its three customer verticals are enterprises, service providers, and government entities. Revenue is evenly split between its services business and products business with revenue trending toward products due to software adoption. The Seattle-based firm was incorporated in 1996, and went public in 1999.

Circle Internet Group Inc is a financial technology firm engaged in digital currencies and public blockchains for payments, commerce, and financial applications. The company's platform is a full-stack, internet financial platform business, organized around three pillars: Arc Blockchain and Developer Infrastructure, Circle Digital Assets and Services, and Circle Applications.

Check Point Software Technologies is a pure-play cybersecurity vendor. The company offers solutions for network, endpoint, cloud, and mobile security in addition to security management. Check Point, a software specialist, sells to enterprises, businesses, and consumers. Around 50% of revenue is generated in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, 40% from the Americas, and 10% from the Asia-Pacific region. The firm, based in Tel Aviv, Israel, was founded in 1993 and has about 5,000 employees.

CACI International Inc is a provider of differentiated Technology and distinctive Expertise to customers in support of national security in the intelligence, defense, and federal civilian sectors, both domestically and internationally. The demand for its Technology and Expertise is largely driven by the evolving national security and geopolitical environment, increasingly complex network, systems, and information environments in which governments and businesses operate. The Company has two segments: Domestic Operations, which generates maximum revenue and provides Technology and Expertise mainly to the U.S. federal government, and International Operations, which provides Technology and Expertise mainly to international government and commercial customers.

Gen is a cybersecurity pure-play that offers security, identity protection, and privacy solutions to individual consumers. The firm's cyber safety offerings, via brands such as Norton, Avast, and LifeLock, have long maintained their positions as some of the most recognizable consumer-focused security and identity-protection products.

BitMine Immersion Technologies is a publicly traded digital-asset and blockchain-infrastructure company headquartered in Las Vegas. The business accumulated a large Ethereum treasury and developed staking operations intended to earn network rewards on those holdings. It also operates the Made in America Validator Network, known as MAVAN, as an institutional Ethereum staking platform. BitMine acquired Pier Two in March 2026 to add validator technology, personnel and operating capabilities to that platform. The company also has a history in cryptocurrency mining and infrastructure services. It earns revenue from staking, digital-asset infrastructure, mining and related treasury activities rather than from investment-management fees charged to third-party funds. Its shares trade publicly in the United States, exposing investors to the value and operating yield of its digital-asset holdings and infrastructure.

SailPoint Inc delivers solutions to enable comprehensive identity security for the enterprise. The company does this by unifying identity data across systems and identity types, including employee identities, non-employee identities, and machine identities. The SaaS and customer-hosted offerings of the company leverage intelligent analytics to give organizations critical visibility into which identities currently have access to which resources, which identities should have access to those resources, and how that access is being used. Its solutions enable organizations to establish, control, and automate policies that help them define and maintain a robust security posture and achieve regulatory compliance.

Netskope is a cybersecurity software company providing cloud-delivered secure access and data protection. It serves enterprises and public agencies securing users, applications and data across distributed networks and earns revenue through recurring subscriptions to its security cloud. Its operating model combines secure web gateway, cloud access security, zero-trust access and data-loss prevention delivered through a global network. Founded in 2012, it is headquartered in Santa Clara, USA. The company has remained privately held while raising successive institutional growth rounds. For investors, the business provides exposure to cloud security, network transformation and recurring enterprise software demand, with performance depending on sector demand, execution and the company’s capital structure. Netskope serves B2B and B2G customers through activities spanning Cybersecurity, Network Management and Cloud Infrastructure.

SentinelOne is a cloud-based cybersecurity company specializing in endpoint protection. SentinelOne’s primary offering is its Singularity platform that offers a single pane of glass for an enterprise to detect and respond to security threats attacking its IT infrastructure. The California-based firm was founded in 2013 and went public in 2021.

360 Security Technology Inc is engaged in the research and development of Internet security technology, design, development, and promotion of Internet security products, as well as commercial services such as Internet advertising and services based on Internet security products, Internet value-added services, and smart hardware services. The company operates through two segments. The Internet and Smart Hardware Business segment covers Internet commercialization, such as advertising and services, value-added Internet businesses like AI products and game distribution, and smart hardware, including cameras, video doorbells, driving recorders, and children’s smartwatches. The Security Business segment focuses on digital security operations.

Qualys is a cloud security and compliance solutions provider that helps businesses identify and manage their security risks and compliance requirements. The California-based company has more than 10,000 customers worldwide, the majority of which are small- and medium-size businesses. Qualys was founded in 1999 and went public in 2012.

CommVault Systems Inc provides cyber resiliency solutions designed to help the enterprise protect, secure, and recover its data, applications, and identity systems in a world of increasing cyber threats and attacks. Its offerings provide cyber resilience, including data protection, cyber recovery, data security, and governance, aiming to enable customers to continue business. The company delivers its solutions through Commvault Cloud, a cloud native platform that unifies data security, cyber recovery and identity resilience across on-premises, hybrid, multi-cloud, and software-as-a-service environments. It sells its offerings through subscription-based arrangements, including SaaS and term-based subscriptions, and also offers perpetual licenses, customer support, and professional services.

Trend Micro Inc provides antivirus and other security products that protect the flow of information on PCs, file servers, e-mail servers, and the Internet gateway. The company operates through four geographic segments: Japan, North America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific.

Varonis Systems is a cybersecurity vendor focused on data privacy and security. The firm is currently undergoing a cloud transition as it weans its on-premises customers over to its cloud products that are delivered as software-as-a-service. The New York-based firm was founded in 2005 and went public in 2014.

BlackBerry, once known for being the world’s largest smartphone manufacturer, is now exclusively a software provider with a stated goal of end-to-end secure communications for enterprises. The firm provides endpoint management and other secure communications software to enterprises, specializing in regulated industries like government and financial institutions. BlackBerry also has a sizable embedded software business primarily serving the automotive market, with some exposure to the industrial market.

Founded in 2002, Tenable is a cybersecurity company that began providing vulnerability management solutions under its Nessus software. In recent years, Tenable has expanded its portfolio to provide a broader range of exposure management modules. Solutions include cloud security and compliance, active directory management, operational technology security and advanced vulnerability analytics. The Maryland-based company went public in 2018.

Clear Secure Inc is an identity company making experiences safer and easier digitally and physically. It is involved in creating a frictionless travel experience while enhancing security. Its secure identity platform uses biometrics to automate the identity verification process through lanes in airports, helping to make the travel experience safe and easy. The Company's operations are mainly focused on growing and maintaining its secure identity network across multiple offerings in both aviation and non-aviation channels.

Bullish is an institutionally focused global digital asset platform focused on providing market infrastructure and information services. Its objective is to provide mission critical products and services that are designed to help institutions grow their businesses, empower individual investors, and drive the adoption of stablecoins, digital assets, and blockchain technology. It expanded its product offering to provide trusted insights, authoritative news, data, indices and transparent analysis to the digital assets industry while facilitating partnerships, investment opportunities, and community engagement through its flagship Consensus conference.

Glory View Technology Co Ltd is engaged in providing smart city solutions, including smart medical care, smart education, smart community, smart buildings, smart government affairs, and smart parks in the three areas of smart people's livelihood, urban comprehensive management, and smart parks.

Galaxy Digital Inc is engaged in digital assets and data center infrastructure, delivering solutions that accelerate progress in finance and artificial intelligence. Its digital assets platform offers institutional access to trading, advisory, asset management, staking, self-custody, and tokenization technology. The company invest in and operate cutting-edge data center infrastructure to power AI and high-performance computing, meeting the growing demand for scalable energy and compute solutions in the U.S. It has three operating business segments, Digital Assets and Data Centers, along with a Treasury & Corporate segment.

AvePoint Inc provides customizable solutions to optimize SaaS operations, enable secure collaboration, and accelerate digital transformation across technologies and industries. Its Confidence Platform delivers a comprehensive set of cloud-based solutions enabling IT operations, development operations, and cybersecurity professionals to monitor and secure the digital workplace using SaaS tools.

Cellebrite DI Ltd is an Israeli digital intelligence company that provides tools for federal, state, and local law enforcement as well as enterprise companies and service providers to collect, review, analyze, and manage digital data. Some of its products include Cellebrite UFED, Cellebrite Physical Analyzer, Cellebrite UFED Cloud, Cellebrite Frontliner, Cellebrite Responder, Cellebrite Premium, and Cellebrite Seeker.

Qi An Xin Technology Group Inc provides a new generation of enterprise-level network security products and services to government and corporate customers.

NetScout Systems Inc is a provider of service assurance and cybersecurity solutions to enterprise and government networks. It bases its solutions on proprietary adaptive service intelligence technology, which helps customers monitor and identify performance issues and provides insight into network-based security threats. These solutions also deliver real-time and historical information, which provides insight to restore service and understand the quality of user experience. The company derives revenue from the sale of network management tools and security solutions. Its geographical regions include USA, which derives maximum revenue, Europe, Asia, and Rest of the World.

Hyperliquid Strategies Inc is focused on building a substantial reserve of HYPE tokens from the Hyperliquid Layer-1 blockchain. HYPE is the native token of the Hyperliquid layer one blockchain and is used in Hyperliquid’s custom consensus algorithm, HyperBFT. The company holds approximately 583 million worth of HYPE tokens.

Venustech Group Inc is a provider of network security products, trusted security management platform, as well as specialized security services and solutions in China.

A10 Networks Inc is a provider of secure application and network infrastructure solutions for enterprises and service providers across on-premises, hybrid cloud, and distributed environments. The company's offerings include application delivery and traffic management, distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) protection, application and API security, and centralized management. It serves customers across multiple industries, including telecommunications, technology, financial services, public sector, industrial, retail, gaming, and education. The majority of the company's revenue is derived from the sale of secure networking and cybersecurity solutions and related maintenance and support services.

CETC Cyberspace Security Technology Co Ltd is a China-based company that offers security-related products and services. It provides professional and autonomous network information security solutions, products, and services. It offers password products, network security products, and security information systems. The group is committed to building a life-cycle security solution from chip to system for a party and government users.

Secunet Security Networks AG is an IT and telecommunications security provider. It offers public-sector clients and private-sector companies a comprehensive portfolio of products and consulting services for the protection of data, infrastructures, and digital identities as well as for information transmission, storage, and processing. Its services include consulting on IT security, software development, development, integration, operations, maintenance, and support of products. The company operates through two divisions, Public Sector, and Business Sector. The company generates maximum revenue from Public Sector.

Progress Software Corp provides software operate in one operating segment: software products for the development, deployment, and management of responsible, AI-powered applications and digital experiences. The following are products: Chef, Corticon, Data Direct, Developer Tools, Flowmon, Kemp LoadMaster, MarkLogic, MOVEit, OpenEdge, Semaphore, ShareFile, Sitefinity, WhatsUp Gold. Geographical regions include the United States, Canada, EMEA, Latin America, and Asia Pacific.

CloudWalk Technology Co Ltd is engaged in the provision of efficient human-machine collaborative operating systems and industry solutions. It is a man-machine coordination platform, that provides users with cross-scene, cross-industry and personalized AI services, in the hope of building a more harmonious and warmer intelligent future.

SharpLink Inc is one of those publicly traded companies to adopt ETH as its primary treasury reserve asset - a move that aligns the company with the future of digital capital and gives investors direct exposure to Ethereum, a smart-contract platform and a digital asset. The company is also a trusted marketing partner to sportsbooks and online casino gaming operators world-wide. Through its iGaming affiliate marketing network, SharpLink owns and operates a portfolio of direct-to-player, state-specific, affiliate marketing websites designed to attract, acquire and drive local sports betting and online casino gaming traffic to its valued partners which are licensed to operate in each respective state.

Radware Ltd provides cyber security and application delivery solutions. The company provides solutions for cloud, on-premises, and software-defined data centers (SDDC). The solutions of the company secure the digital experience by providing infrastructure, application, and network protection and availability services to enterprises globally. The business segments of the company are Radware’s Core Business and The Hawks’ Business. The company derives maximum revenue from Radware’s Core Business. It generates the majority of its revenue from the United States.

Nsfocus Technologies Group Co Ltd is a China based internet and application security company. It offers enterprise-level network security solutions and services. The products offered by the company are Anti-DDoS system, Cloud DDoS protection service, Threat intelligence subscription service, Web application firewall, and Web vulnerability scanning system. In addition, it also offers solutions such as cloud DDoS defenses, on-premises DDoS defenses, Hybrid DDoS defenses, global threat intelligence, among others. The company has a business presence in China and other international countries.

Hangzhou DPtech Technologies Co Ltd focuses on network security and application delivery products and solutions. The security and application delivery products portfolio includes Application Firewall, IPS, Bandwidth Management, Deep Packet Inspection, Web Application Firewall, Anti-DDoS, Appliction Delivery and others.

Securitize Holdings Inc provides a platform for tokenized real-world assets specializing in tokenizing real-world assets (RWAs) like funds, equities, and fixed income on blockchain networks. The company operates across two primary verticals: i) Tokenization: It consists of on-chain infrastructure and tokenization & distribution, ii) Asset Servicing: It covers post-issuance transfer agent and fund management services. The majority of the company's revenue is derived from the Tokenization vertical.

Yubico AB is a leader in setting standards for secure access to computers, mobile devices, servers, browsers, and internet accounts. Yubico is a creator and core contributor to the FIDO2, WebAuthn, and FIDO Universal 2nd Factor (U2F) open authentication standards, and is a pioneer in delivering modern, hardware-based passkey authentication security at scale to customers in over 160 countries. The company is a cybersecurity company and the inventor of the YubiKey, which offers the gold standard for phishing-resistant multi-factor authentication (MFA).