Liberty Capital Valuation Multiples

Bharti Airtel Ltd is a telecommunications company. The company's segments include Mobile Services India, Mobile Services Africa, Mobile Services South Asia, Airtel Business, Passive Infrastructure Services, Homes Services, Digital TV Services, and others. It generates maximum revenue from the Mobile Services India segment. Mobile Services India services cover voice and data telecom services provided through wireless technology (2G /3G/4G) in India. It includes the captive national long-distance networks, which provide connectivity to the mobile services business in India. It also includes intra-city fibre networks.

Equinix is a global digital-infrastructure company that develops and operates carrier-neutral data centres and interconnection services. Founded in Silicon Valley in 1998, it is headquartered in Redwood City, California, and is publicly listed on Nasdaq. Its International Business Exchange and xScale facilities give enterprises, cloud platforms, network operators, content providers and financial institutions places to deploy computing equipment and exchange data. Customers also use virtual networking, managed infrastructure, security and professional services to connect distributed applications across markets. Equinix earns recurring revenue primarily from colocation space, power, cross-connects and other subscription-like infrastructure services, supplemented by usage and service fees. Its platform spans hundreds of data centres across six continents and links customers to a large ecosystem of cloud and network providers. The company is structured as a real estate investment trust for United States federal income-tax purposes.

American Tower owns and operates about 150,000 wireless towers throughout the US, Asia, Latin America, Europe, and Africa. It also owns and/or operates 30 data centers in 11 US markets after acquiring CoreSite. On its towers, the company has a very concentrated customer base, with most revenue in each market generated by the top few mobile carriers. The company operates more than 40,000 towers in the US, which accounted for about half of total revenue in 2024. Outside the US, American Tower operates about 47,000 towers in Latin America (dominated by Brazil), 32,000 towers in Europe, and 27,000 towers in Africa. American Tower operates as a REIT.

Motorola is a United States public-safety and enterprise-security technology company supplying land-mobile radio systems, command-center software, video security, analytics, and managed services to governments and businesses. The organization serves customers through a defined operating business rather than acting as an investment vehicle. Its team combines sector expertise, customer delivery, technology or physical operations, and continuing product development. Clients use its products or services to solve recurring operational needs in the markets where it is active. Revenue is generated from commercial products, recurring software, or contracted services supplied to customers. The company maintains its own management, workforce, commercial identity, and relationships with customers and suppliers. Its transaction history is tracked under this operating identity so that similarly named businesses in other countries or industries are not combined with it. The cited company and transaction sources establish the identity, location, activity, and role used in this research packet.

Digital Realty is a real estate investment trust that owns and operates carrier-neutral data centers, headquartered in Austin, Texas after relocating there in January 2021. It was established in 2004 by GI Partners, which contributed 21 data centers acquired in bankruptcy auctions, and it trades on the New York Stock Exchange as DLR and is a member of the S&P 500. In 2023 it operated over 300 facilities in more than 25 countries, and it reported revenue of US$4.69 billion in 2022 with about 3,450 employees. It earns rent and fees from colocation, interconnection and large-scale space leased to cloud providers, enterprises and carriers. Its large acquisitions include DuPont Fabros Technology in 2017, Ascenty in 2018 for US$1.8 billion, and Interxion, announced in October 2019 at a US$8.4 billion enterprise value and completed on 12 March 2020. Andrew Power is chief executive.

Nokia provides telecom equipment and services that are used to build wireless and fixed-line networks. It operates in four segments. The mobile networks segment sells equipment and services to telecom carriers to power public wireless networks. Network infrastructure focuses on fixed-line networks, including switching and routing equipment, optical components, and devices used in fiber-to-the-premises networks. The cloud and network services segment develops software used to operate the core of carrier wireless networks and build private networks for enterprises. Nokia also has a sizable research and patent business, where it licenses technology used by handset providers, consumer electronics firms, and other firms making electronic and Internet of Things products.

Ciena is a telecommunications equipment provider focused on optical transport technologies, with clients in a number of industries such as communication services providers, web-scale providers, cable operators, government, and large enterprises worldwide. The company provides equipment, software, and services that support transport, switching, aggregation, service delivery, and data traffic management.

Telstra is Australia’s largest telecommunications company, with dominant market shares in voice, mobile, enterprise telecom, and fixed-line broadband resale via the national broadband network. Telstra provides most of its products and services via its infrastructure assets, such as a fixed-line network (data centers, exchanges, poles, ducts, pits and pipes, fiber network), a mobile network, and mobile towers. Its customers span retail, corporate, government, wholesale, and overseas segments. Telstra also provides the government-owned, last-mile fixed-line National Broadband Network with long-term access to its infrastructure, in return for recurring payments. Finally, Telstra operates a leading telecom operation in Papua New Guinea and the surrounding South-Pacific countries.

Crown Castle owns or manages roughly 40,000 wireless towers in the United States. It leases space on its towers to wireless service providers, which install equipment to support their wireless networks. The company has a very concentrated customer base, with about 75% of its revenue from the Big Three US mobile carriers: Verizon, T-Mobile, and AT&T. Crown Castle has plans to divest its fiber business, which is expected to be finalized in the first half of 2026. After that, it will be a stand-alone tower operator. Crown Castle operates as a real estate investment trust.

Ericsson is a networking equipment and software provider, primarily selling mobile networking equipment and services to wireless service providers. Ericsson operates in three segments: networks, cloud software and services, and enterprise. While large wireless carriers are its largest customers, Ericsson has expanded its offerings for large enterprises. These products and services include private 5G networking, contact centers as a service, and application performance interfaces. Ericsson aims to combine its 5G network expertise with cloud-native, as-a-service platforms offering a more comprehensive hardware and software package. Ericsson also monetizes its research and development investments by licensing patents to handset manufacturers.

BT Group is the incumbent telecommunications operator in the UK. BT is the owner of Openreach, the largest fixed-line network in the country. Openreach operates as a separate entity due to regulatory requirements but is still 100% owned by BT. Openreach has accelerated its fiber investments and expects to have 90% of the UK covered with FTTH by 2026. In the consumer division, BT has approximately 30% market share in broadband and mobile services. The enterprise segment serves large corporations while the global services division provides communications consultancy services.

Yangtze Optical Fibre and Cable Joint Stock Ltd Co are principally engaged in the research, development, production and sale of optical fiber preforms, optical fibers, optical cables optical components and modules and related products. The company is the supplier of optical fibre preform, optical fibre, optical fibre cables and other relevant products in telecommunication industry. The group determines the two reporting segments, optical communication products segment and optical transmission components segment. The company generates majority of revenue from optical communication products segment. Its products include Cutting-Edge Product, Specialty Fibre, Raw Material, Submarine Cable, Communication Optical Fibre, Structured Cabling, Optical Transceiver, Coaxial Cable, etc.

China Tower Corp Ltd is a telecommunications tower infrastructure service provider. The Company is principally engaged in the construction, maintenance, and operation of base station ancillary facilities such as telecommunications towers, public network coverage in high-speed railways and subways, and large-scale indoor Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS). The business of the company includes Tower business; DAS business; Smart Tower business and Energy business. The Group’s revenue is generated from the Three TSPs.

Hengtong Optic-Electric Co Ltd provides fiber optic communication products in China and internationally. It offers optical rods, optical fiber, optical cable, optical devices, an optical network, ocean optical network products, data communication products, power transmission products, ocean engineering, quantum security communications, rail transit, and smart city products.

SBA Communications owns a portfolio of about 45,000 wireless towers throughout North America, South America, and Africa. It leases space on its towers to wireless service providers, who install equipment to support their wireless networks. The company has a very concentrated customer base, with most revenue in each market being generated by the top few mobile carriers. It owns more than 17,000 towers in the US, which account for about 75% of leasing revenue. Internationally, SBA’s largest presence is in Brazil, where it owns roughly 10,000 towers. SBA operates as a real estate investment trust.

Cellnex owns and operates more than 100,000 wireless towers in Europe, the result of continued merger and acquisition activity since its initial public offering in 2015. It has acquired towers from several European mobile network operators, including Telefonica, Iliad, CK Hutchison, Bouygues, and Altice. Cellnex is present in France, Italy, Spain, Poland, and the United Kingdom, among others.

MasTec is a leading infrastructure construction company operating mainly in North America across a range of industries. Its primary activities include engineering, building, installing, maintaining, and upgrading communications, oil and gas, utility, renewable energy, and other infrastructure. MasTec reports its results under five segments: communications; clean energy and infrastructure; pipeline infrastructure; power delivery; and other.

Indus Towers Ltd Ltd is a telecommunications tower infrastructure service provider. The company deploys, owns, and manages telecom towers and communication structures for mobile operators. The company acquires and builds towers, while also owning and operating telecom towers and related infrastructure. The company generates revenue through a rental fee to tenants of mobile towers. Energy costs such as electricity and fuel charts are usually passed through to tenants. The company generates the vast majority of its revenue in India. The company's assets are located in India and are often ground-based and rooftop towers.

KT is South Korea's largest fixed-line telecom operator, with around 11.5 million fixed-line broadband customers and 9.5 million IPTV customers, and is the second-largest wireless operator with 28 million subscribers. Additionally, it has a number of nontelecom businesses, including real estate, payment processing, artificial intelligence, and IDC/cloud services, many of which are the focus of its growth strategy. The company was formed from the previously government-owned, monopoly telecom business and was listed in 1998. After selling its mobile business in 1994 (forming its mobile competitor, SK Telecom), KT created its own mobile operator in 1997.

TIM, which is 67%-owned by Telecom Italia, is the third largest wireless carrier in Brazil, with 62 million subscribers, equal to about 23% of the market. The firm owns 49% of I-Systems, an infrastructure partnership that is expanding its network footprint across Brazil. I-Systems can provide broadband service to about 8 million locations, including 6.5 million with fiber, equal to 10%-15% of the country. TIM leases capacity on the venture's network to serve retail broadband customers under the UltraFibra brand, but it has agreed to buy out its joint venture partner in 2026, taking full ownership of these assets. TIM also resells fiber network access from other providers.

PT Indoritel Makmur Internasional Tbk is an investment holding company. The company, through its subsidiaries, is engaged in providing infrastructure through fiber optic media and serving telecommunication services ranging from data communication to interactive video, managing SDWAN services, and a variety of other Internet of Things (IoT) derivatives. Its segments are the Corporate segment, the Retail segment, and Others. It generates the majority of revenue from the Corporate segment. The Corporate Business Segment provides fiber-optic-based telecommunications data connection service products for business customers, such as Last Mile Solution, Fiberization, IP Transit, IEPL, MPLS, and DWDM, to other telecommunications operators and international customers.

Dycom Industries Inc is a provider of specialty contracting services to the telecommunications infrastructure and utility industries throughout the United States. Its operating companies supply telecommunications providers with a comprehensive portfolio of specialty services, including program management; planning; engineering and design; aerial, underground, and wireless construction; maintenance; and fulfillment services and provide underground facility locating services for various utilities, including telecommunications providers, and others. It also provides a range of construction, maintenance, and installation services, including the placement and splicing of fiber, copper, and coaxial cables. It provides services throughout the United States.

INWIT is an Italian tower and wireless infrastructure company that builds and manages shared digital infrastructure used by mobile operators. It was founded in 2015 as a spin-off from TIM and merged with the tower business of Vodafone Italy in March 2020, after which it entered the FTSE MIB index. The company is listed on Euronext Milan and is headquartered in Milan. Its assets include towers, small cells, distributed antenna systems for indoor coverage and Wi-Fi and IoT solutions, offered under a tower-as-a-service model. In 2025 INWIT reported consolidated revenues of 1,077.2 million euros and EBITDA of 984.4 million euros, and it guides to revenues of 1,050 to 1,090 million euros for 2026. Its largest shareholders include Central Tower Holding, which holds 37.6% of the share capital, and an investment vehicle of Ardian.

Fiberhome Telecommunication Technologies Co Ltd is a China-based company engaged in the manufacture and sales of communication equipment. Its main products include communication system equipment, optical fibers, cables and data networking products, such as the optical networking products, Internet protocol (IP) data products, broadband access products, optical fibers and cable products, wireless communication products and power supplies, as well as the optoelectronic devices. The company mainly distributes its products in domestic and overseas markets.

Glarun Technology Co Ltd is involved in fields associated with electronic information technology from high starting points and focuses on the growth and development in aspects of traffic electronics, supply chain integration service, microwave and communication, software and information service, energy electronics and other relevant industries. Its business fields include Rail transit; Air traffic; Intelligent transportation and Maritime traffic.

Sterlite Technologies Ltd is an Indian-based company engaged in the business of Connectivity and Network Solutions. Its products and solutions mainly include integrated optical fiber, copper telecom cables, structured data cables, access equipment, fiber connectivity and system integration solution offerings for telecom networks, OSS/ BSS solutions, billing and bandwidth management solutions for organizations, and others. Its segments include Optical networking business (ONB), Global service business (GSB) and Digital and technology solutions (Digital). The company offers its services within India and in the International market. It earns majority of the revenue from Optical networking business segment.

HFCL Ltd is an Indian manufacturer and exporter of optical fiber cables and broadband equipment for the telecommunication industry. Firm business segments include Telecom Products and Turnkey Contracts Services. The Telecom Product segment produces optical fiber cable, optical fiber, and telecom equipment. The Turnkey Contracts and services segment is engaged in delivering telecom infrastructure and communication network systems for Telecom Operators, Defence Services, Railways, Safe and Smart Cities, etc. The firm's products and solutions include Fiber optics, Telecommunication, Defence, and Passive Networking Components. It generates substantial revenue from the sale of turnkey projects and related activities.

Comsys Holdings Corp installs electrical and telecommunications facilities and equipment. The company operates through the Comsys Information Systems Group segment, Hokuriku Telephone Construction Group segment, NDS Group segment, Nippon Comsys Group segment, SYSKEN Group segment, Sanwa Comsys Engineering Group segment, TOSYS Group segment, Tsuken Group segment, and Others segment. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Nippon Comsys Group segment, which is engaged in the construction of telecommunications facilities focusing on the Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT) group.

Axiata Group Bhd is a telecommunications company. The business segment of the company is the Mobile segment, which includes the provision of mobile services and other services such as the provision of interconnect services, sale of devices, pay television transmission services, broadband services, digital business, and others; the Fixed broadband segment is engaged in the broadband and broadcasting business; Infrastructure segment is engaged in the provision of telecommunication infrastructure and related services; and Others comprise investment holding entities, financing entities and other operating companies providing other services including digital business and fibre optic transmission. The company has a presence in Malaysia, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Cambodia.

Huber& Suhner AG is a Switzerland-based company that designs and creates connections for data and power transmission. It specializes in electrical and optical connectivity components and system solutions that deliver high performance, quality, reliability, and a long service life even under the toughest of conditions. The company has three reportable segments Industry, Communication, and Transportation. It generates the majority of revenue from the Industry segment. Its product portfolio includes radio frequency and microwave products; fiber-optic products involving ultra-high data transmission speeds; low-frequency products such as databus, signal, and power cables; and passive components such as cables, connectors, assemblies, and antennas.

China Communications Services Corp Ltd is active in the technology sector. It provides integrated comprehensive solutions for the informatization and digitalization sector. It provides integrated solutions, including telecommunications infrastructure services, business process outsourcing services as well as applications, content, and other services to telecommunications operators, government agencies, industrial customers, and small-and-medium enterprises. The Company principally has one operating segment, which is the provision of integrated comprehensive smart solutions in the field of informatization and digitalization.

Helios Towers PLC is a United Kingdom-based company that provides telecommunications towers and infrastructure. The company offers tower-related operational services, including site selection, site preparation, maintenance, security, and power management. The solutions offered by the company include Colocation, Build-to-suit, In-building solutions, Managed Services, and others.

Array Digital Infrastructure, formerly US Cellular, sold its regional wireless operations serving about 4.4 million customers to T-Mobile in August 2025. The firm has agreed to sell most of its remaining spectrum licenses; however, it will still retain rights to C-band spectrum in several locations after these deals are closed. Array also owns a 5.5% stake in Verizon Wireless' Los Angeles operations, as well as other smaller wireless partnership interests in Oklahoma and upstate New York. The firm still operates a portfolio of about 4,400 wireless towers.

NetLink NBN Trust is a national provider of internet service. It designs, builds, owns, and operates network infrastructure comprising ducts, manholes, and fiber cables. Its non-building address point (NBAP) applications include infrastructure for telecommunications operators such as wireless network base stations, cameras, sensors, signage, and outdoor kiosks. The company generates the majority of its revenue from Installation-related revenue and Ancillary project revenue. The company operates in Singapore, the USA, the UK, and the rest of the World.

IHS Holding Ltd is an independent owner, operator, and developer of shared telecommunications infrastructure. The company provides telecommunications infrastructure to its customers, who are MNOs, who in turn provide wireless voice and data services to their end-users. Its geographical segments are Nigeria, Sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), and Latin America (Latam). The majority of its revenue is derived from Nigeria.

Operadora De Sites Mexicanos SA de CV is engaged in building, installing, maintaining, operating, and marketing, various types of towers and other support structures, as well as physical spaces and other non-electronic elements for the installation of radiating radio communications equipment.

Chorus is New Zealand’s largest fixed-line communications infrastructure entity. It completed the government's rollout of ultra-fast broadband a fiber-to-the-premises network covering 87% of the population in New Zealand in December 2022. Chorus offers wholesale access to the country's only nationwide copper and fiber infrastructure network. This allows around 100 retail service providers to enable consumers and business to connect to the internet and other telecommunications products. Chorus also provides backhaul services to retail service providers and connects mobile telephony towers.

PT Dayamitra Telekomunikasi Tbk is engaged in providing telecommunications infrastructure. The Group has two segments namely Telecommunication tower lease and Others. It derives maximum revenue from Telecommunication tower lease segment.

Foci Fiber Optic Communications Inc designs, manufactures, and markets high-performance fiber optic components and integrated modules including fiber optic coupler, PLC splitter, thin film coarse WDM, dense WDM, multi-fiber cable assembly module, etc. that increase the bandwidth and flexibility of today’s communication networks. Its products include interconnector series, isolators, couplers, splitters, attenuators, WDM devices, and filter devices, among others. Geographically, it generates the majority of its revenue from America.

Browave Corp is mainly engaged in the design, production, and sales of optical fiber communication components. Its products include Modules, Components, MPO/MTP Cable, and Optical parts.

Sunevision Holdings Ltd is an Investment holding company. Its segment includes Data centre and IT facilities covering the provision of data center and IT facilities colocation services to allow customers to house their IT infrastructure or equipment, interconnection services to provide customers with high-speed and reliable interconnectivity, and other managed services; and ELV and IT systems comprise installation and maintenance services for the respective systems. It generates the majority of its revenue from Data centre and IT facilities. The company generates the majority of its revenue from Hong Kong.

Liberty Latin America Ltd is a telecommunications company. It is a provider of video, broadband internet, fixed-line telephony, and mobile services to residential and business customers. The company's reportable segments include C&W Caribbean, Liberty Networks, C&W Panama, VTR, Liberty Puerto Rico and Liberty Costa Rica. The company generates the majority of its revenue from C&W Caribbean, and Liberty Puerto Rico segments.

Anterix Inc is a United States-based company engaged in delivering broadband needed to modernize infrastructure for energy, transportation, logistics, and other industries. The company offers Private LTE for utilities which help to automate processes, monitor environmental conditions, enable artificial intelligence, and drive productivity.

Cetc Potevio Science & Technology Co Ltd formerly Gci Science & Technology Co Ltd is a China-based company engaged in the provision of telecommunication network construction technical services and products. It mainly provides public network integrated solutions and special network integrated solutions. The company's network products include network coverage products, network access equipment and communication series printed circuit boards.

PT Tower Bersama Infrastructure Tbk is a provider of coverage solutions. The firm's primary business is leasing space for antennas and other equipment for wireless signal transmission to telecommunication operators. The Company also provides telecommunications operators with access to its Distributed Antenna System networks in shopping malls and office buildings. A majority of the firm's revenue is generated from Indonesia. The company's operating segments include Tower, Repeater, Building, and Fiber Optic. The company generates the majority of its revenue from the Tower segment.

Uniti is the product of the August 2025 merger of the firm with Windstream, its former primary customer. The combined firm owns a 217,000 route-mile fiber network that primarily serves enterprise customers. This fiber business generates about 20% of consolidated revenue. Uniti also owns phone networks that reach about 4.5 million households, mostly in less-populated markets in the Southeast. Uniti is rapidly upgrading this network to offer fiber-based broadband services. Its fiber network reaches about 1.8 million locations in its service territory. Residential telecom services account for about a third of total revenue. Small business and wholesale services provided over the legacy phone network account for about 20% of revenue.

Rai Way is an Italian operator of broadcasting and digital infrastructure, based in Rome and listed on Euronext Milan under the ticker RWAY. It owns and runs the transmission network that carries the radio and television signals of the public broadcaster RAI, which holds about 65 percent of its capital. The network comprises more than 2,300 sites, with DVB-T and DVB-T2 television, FM and DAB+ radio, and satellite and fibre links. Rai Way also sells tower hosting to mobile operators, more than 6,000 km of fibre connectivity, edge data centers with cloud services and a content delivery network. The company became operational on 1 March 2000, after RAI transferred its transmission and broadcasting division to it, and it listed on the stock exchange in 2014. In the first half of 2026 it reported revenues of EUR 143.9 million and adjusted EBITDA of EUR 96.8 million.

PT Sarana Menara Nusantara Tbk is an investment company. The company's main business focus is to invest in companies engaged in operating telecommunication tower locations for lease to wireless communication companies. The business segments of the company include Tower lease and Other services (VSAT service, and Wireline). The majority of the company's revenue is generated from the Tower Lease segment.