Cluey Valuation Multiples

Constellation Software is an acquirer, manager, and developer of vertical market software, or VMS, businesses globally. VMS differentiates from horizontal software in that it provides mission critical solutions within a specific industry for customers in a particular market. Constellation operates through a decentralized model in which each business operates as its own independent entity. Managers of individual businesses are incentivized to optimize their business for returns on invested capital and revenue growth. Excess cash generated by the individual businesses is repatriated to portfolio managers who focus on allocating as much capital as possible on new acquisitions. As of 2025, Constellation consisted of over 1,000 individual businesses and 64,000 employees.

Tyler Technologies provides a full suite of software solutions and services that address the needs of cities, counties, schools, courts and other local government entities. The company’s three core products are Munis, which is the core ERP system, Odyssey, which is the court management system, or CMS, and payments. The company also provides a variety of add-on modules and offers outsourced property tax assessment services.

Pearson is a British education and assessment company headquartered in London, listed on the London Stock Exchange as a FTSE 100 constituent with a secondary New York Stock Exchange listing through American depositary receipts. It is organised into five business units: Assessment & Qualifications, Virtual Learning, English Language Learning, Higher Education, and Enterprise Learning and Skills. It owns Edexcel, one of the main GCSE and A-level examination boards in England, and sells learning materials, assessments, qualifications, virtual schooling and digital learning products to schools, universities, governments, employers and individual learners. In 2025 it reported revenue of £3,577 million, operating income of £507 million and an average workforce of 17,062. The company traces its origins to 1844, when Samuel Pearson set up the business that became S. Pearson & Son; in the twentieth century it built a publishing and media portfolio that included the Financial Times, a 50% stake in The Economist and Penguin Books. Under Marjorie Scardino it refocused on education, forming Pearson Education in 1998, and between 2015 and 2020 it sold the Financial Times, its Economist stake and its remaining stake in Penguin Random House. Omar Abbosh, formerly of Microsoft, has been chief executive since January 2024.

New Oriental Education & Technology is a prominent private education provider in China, offering a wide array of educational services. These include overseas test preparation and consulting services, high school academic tutoring, nonacademic tutoring, and intelligent learning systems and devices. Additionally, the company holds a 57% ownership stake in East Buy, a leading player in the livestreaming e-commerce market.

Duolingo Inc is a technology company that develops a mobile learning platform to learn languages and is the top-grossing app in the Education category on both Google Play and the Apple App Store. Its products are powered by sophisticated data analytics and artificial intelligence and delivered with class art, animation, and design to make it easier for learners to stay motivated master new material, and achieve their learning goals. Its solutions include the Duolingo Language Learning App, Super Duolingo, Duolingo English Test: AI-Driven Language Assessment, Duolingo For Schools, Duolingo ABC, and Duolingo Math. It has four predominant sources of revenue; time-based subscriptions, in-app advertising placement by third parties, and the Duolingo English Test, and In-App Purchases.

TAL Education Group is a smart learning solutions provider in China. It operates a few business lines including enrichment learning, high school academic tutoring, learning technology, and content solutions. Among those business lines, TAL focuses on enrichment learning and content solutions.

Laureate Education is an international higher-education group founded in 1989 as Sylvan Learning Systems and historically headquartered in Baltimore, Maryland. Its institutions provide undergraduate and postgraduate qualifications through campus-based and online programmes. The network serves students across professional fields including business, health sciences, engineering, technology, design and hospitality. Revenue primarily comes from tuition and related education services paid by students, sometimes supported by public financing programmes. Laureate entered international higher education through Universidad Europea de Madrid in 1999 and expanded online education through Walden University in 2001. It sold its principal school-age education operations in 2003 and adopted the Laureate Education name in 2004. A KKR-backed consortium took the company private in 2007. By 2015 the network included more than eighty institutions across multiple regions, combining owned schools, controlled nonprofit institutions and selected management arrangements. The company became a Delaware public benefit corporation in 2015.

Topicus com Inc is engaged in the development, installation, and customization of vertical market software and the provision of related professional services and support for customers across several diverse markets, mainly in Europe. Its revenue consists mainly of software license fees, maintenance and other recurring fees, professional service fees, and hardware sales. Geographically, the company generates maximum revenue from its business in the Netherlands, and the rest from other markets.

Graham Holdings Company is a diversified holding company with operations spanning educational services, television broadcasting, healthcare, manufacturing, automotive dealerships, and other businesses. The Company's education activities are conducted through Kaplan, whose services include academic preparation programs for international students, English-language programs, exam preparation, and career and academic advisement. These services are provided to students, schools, and colleges, both domestically and outside the United States. It operates through seven reportable segments: Kaplan International, Kaplan Higher Education, Kaplan Supplemental Education, Television Broadcasting, CSI, Manufacturing and Automotive, with key revenue coming from the Education and Automotive segments.

Adtalem Global Education is a Chicago-headquartered provider of postsecondary education in healthcare, business, and technology fields. It oversees institutions like Chamberlain University, Ross University School of Medicine, DeVry University, and Becker Professional Education, enrolling students in nursing, medical, accounting, and IT programs across the United States, Caribbean, and Brazil.

Grand Canyon Education Inc is a publicly traded education services company dedicated to serving colleges and universities. GCE's university partner is Grand Canyon University, an Arizona non-profit corporation that operates a comprehensive regionally accredited university that offers graduate and undergraduate degree programs, emphases, and certificates across nine colleges, both online and on the ground at its campus in Phoenix, Arizona, and at four off-site classroom andlaboratory sites. The Company generates all of its revenue through service agreements with its university partners.

Life360 is the world’s largest family focused social network, with nearly 100 million monthly active users. Security-conscious families use the Life360 app to track each other’s whereabouts and to track the location of their pets and personal belongings. Life360 also offers a suite of additional security features, such as driver safety monitoring, roadside assistance, and emergency dispatching. In the US, the Life360 app regularly ranks in the top 10 most popular social-networking apps and in the top 25 across all apps in terms of daily active users.

FibraEduca Management SC invests in real estate opportunities in the education sector. The company seeks investment opportunities in the education sector with administrative efficiency to generate returns to investors.

East Buy Holding Ltd is a live-streaming platform that focuses on selecting premium products for customers. The company operates in three reportable segments: Private Label Products and Livestreaming E-Commerce, College Education, and Institutional Customers. The majority of its revenue comes from private label products and the direct e-commerce segment, i.e., direct online commerce with private label products sold to individual customers and providing commission services.

Stride Inc is an American online educational company. It offers alternative programs to traditional on-campus schooling. It also operates state-funded virtual charter schools around the United States. The educational programs for K-12 students are usually monitored by parents and provide virtual classroom environments where teachers meet with students online, by phone, or in-person. The company's contractual agreements with various school districts to offer its curriculum programs provide a majority of the company's revenue. The company lines of business are Managed Public School Programs, Institutional and Private Pay Schools and Other.

Exponent Inc is a science and engineering consulting firm that provides solutions to complex problems. The company's consultant team is composed of scientists, physicians, engineers, as well as business and regulatory consultants. The company currently operates through two segments. The engineering and other scientific segments, which account for the majority of revenue, provide servicing encompassing biomechanics, biomedical engineering, buildings and structures, civil engineering, construction consulting, etc. The environmental and health segment covers chemical regulation and food safety, ecological and biological sciences, environmental and earth sciences and others. The company generates almost all of its revenues from America.

Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc provider of early education and child care, family care solutions, and workforce education services that help working families and client employees personally and professionally. It provides services under multi-year contracts with employers that offer early education and child care, back-up care, and educational advisory services as part of their employee benefits package. The company has three business segments; full-service center-based child care, backup care, and educational advisory services. The majority of the revenue is generated by full-service center-based child care, which includes traditional center-based child care and early education services. Other services provided by the company include in-home child and elder care, and Others.

COL Global Co Ltd is a digital cultural content industry group in China. Its core businesses include digital content production, copyright distribution, IP derivatives, and intellectual property protection.

John Wiley & Sons Inc is a publisher and a trusted leader in research and learning. The company segment includes: Research, which includes the reporting lines of Research Publishing and Research Solutions, and Learning includes the Academic and Professional reporting lines and consists of publishing, courseware, and assessments. Its industry-principal content, services, platforms, and knowledge networks are tailored to meet the evolving needs of its customers and partners, including researchers, students, instructors, professionals, institutions, and corporations. The company empowers knowledge-seekers to transform today’s obstacles into tomorrow’s brightest opportunities. For more than two centuries, the company has been delivering on its timeless mission to unlock human potential.

Perdoceo Education Corp is an American for-profit education company that focuses on quality postsecondary education online to a diverse student population, along with campus-based and blended learning programs. The company's important segments include the American InterContinental University, the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences, and Colorado Technical University. These universities provide undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral degree programs focusing on business, technology, management, and social services, with the majority of the students enrolled in programs offered fully online. The majority of the its revenue comes from the Colorado Technical University segment.

Founded in 1981, Blackbaud provides software solutions designed to serve the "social good" community, including nonprofits, foundations, corporations, educational institutions, healthcare institutions, and individual change agents. Through M&A and organic product development efforts, the company has also moved into related areas outside core fundraising, notably into K-12 schools. The firm enables more than $100 billion in donations annually across a customer base in excess of 40,000 customers in over 100 countries.

Alef Education Holding Plc is an EdTech company that designs impactful learning experiences for students customized to different curriculums. The company operates in three segments: The Education solution segment, which provides customers the right of access to the Group’s learning platform. The Support and services segment includes ancillary services such as IT infrastructure setup and maintenance support and services, and the Financial investments segment pertains to the maintenance of the investment portfolio for returns based on market dynamics. The majority of its revenue is generated from the Education solution segment.

Youdao Inc develops and markets software applications. It engages in developing technologies to provide learning content, applications, and solutions. The firm operates in three segments: Learning services, Smart devices, and Online marketing services. The majority of its revenue comes from the Learning services segment, which generates revenues from online courses, mainly including Youdao Premium Courses, NetEase Cloud Classroom, and China University MOOC. The learning products segment includes sales of smart devices such as the Youdao Dictionary Pen and the Youdao Pocket Translator. Geographically, all of its revenue is generated from the People's Republic of China.

Strategic Education Inc. is an education services company that provides access to high-quality education through campus-based and online post-secondary education offerings, as well as through programs to develop job-ready skills for high-demand markets. The company operates through wholly-owned subsidiaries Strayer University and Capella University, both accredited post-secondary institutions of higher education located in the United States, as well as Torrens University, an accredited post-secondary institution of higher education located in Australia. It provide employees with access to affordable and industry relevant training, certificate, and degree programs. The reportable segments of the company are U.S. Higher Education, Australia/New Zealand and Education Technology Services.

Offcn Education Technology Co Ltd is China's multi-category vocational education institution and civil servant entrance examination training company. The company serves the younger demographic including college students and university graduates throughout mainland China.

Tonies SE provides an audio entertainment system. The company offers Toniebox, an audio system for kids that plays stories, songs, and others. Geographically, It generates majority of the revenue from Germany.

Advtech Ltd is a South Africa-based company engaged in education and training services. The company has three primary business segments, Schools, Tertiary, and Resourcing. The Schools segment offers pre-primary, primary, and secondary educations services. The Tertiary segment provides diploma, degree, and post-graduate services. The Resourcing segment provides permanent, temporary, and contract staffing solutions. These staffing positions are in several areas such as information technology, network finance, accounting and finance, engineering, and advertising.

Cengage Learning Holdings II Inc is an educational technology, content, and services company operating in the higher education, professional, K-12, English language teaching (ELT) and library spaces. It has five reportable segments on the basis of products and customers provided by each segment: Cengage Academic (U.S. Higher Education, International Higher Education, and Secondary Education), Cengage Work (ed2go and Infosec), Research, ELT, and Other (Australia K-12 and Milady). Research, ELT, and Other are reported together as a core business unit titled Cengage Select.

National Co for Learning and Education is a provider of educational and learning services based in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It is engaged in ownership, establishment and management of private schools for general education (pre-university) in addition to investment in sport and entertainment along with sport clubs for school students. The company offers educational complexes that accommodate more than 15 thousand students, distributed in all stages from kindergarten, primary, intermediate and high school, according to the national curriculum and international curricula, with scientific laboratories on one hand, and entertainment facilities and sports clubs on the other hand. The company's business segments include Al-Rayan schools, Al-Rawabi schools, Al-Nuzha schools among others.

Coursera Inc is an online learning platform that connects learners, educators, and institutions with the goal of providing educational content that is affordable, accessible, and relevant. It combines content, data, and technology into a single, unified platform that is customizable and extensible to both individual learners and institutions. The company operates through two reporting segments: Consumer and Enterprise. The majority of revenue is generated from the Consumer segment. The consumer segment targets individual learners seeking to obtain hands-on learning, gain valuable job skills, receive professional-level certifications, and otherwise increase their knowledge to start or advance their careers.

Afya Ltd is a medical education group based in Brazil. Its education portfolio has several courses in addition to Medicine, such as Management, Dentistry, Law, Engineering, Nursing, Psychology, and Accounting Sciences, among others. It has three segments; Undergrad provides educational services through undergraduate courses related to medical school, undergraduate health science and other ex-health undergraduate programs, Continuing Education provides medical education, specialization and graduate courses in medicine, delivered through digital and in-person content; and Medical practice solution provides clinical decision, clinical management and doctor-patient relationships for physicians and provide access, demand and efficiency for the healthcare players.

Universal Technical Institute Inc is an educational institution. It provides undergraduate degree, as well as certificate programs for technicians in the automotive, diesel, collision repair, motorcycle and marine fields. The company's reportable segment which includes Universal Technical Institute (UTI) and Concorde Career Colleges, Corporate. Majority of the revenue is generated from UTI segment which provides different kinds of degree and non-degree transportation and skilled trades technical training programs under brands such as Universal Technical Institute, Motorcycle Mechanics Institute, Marine Mechanics Institute and others. It also provides dealer technician training or instructor staffing services to manufacturers.

Emirates Driving Co PJSC is the driver's training and road safety institute in Abu Dhabi. The company and its subsidiaries are engaged in the management and development of motor vehicle driving training and services. The company offers these services to the national and expatriates living in the country. The firm generates its revenue from training and testing services.

HumanSoft Holding Co KSCP is Kuwait based company. The company is engaged, along with its subsidiaries, in establishing and managing private universities and colleges, providing computer education, language training, executive courses, and electronic commerce and media. The company is organized in business segments of Higher Education and Others. The company earns the majority of revenue from the Higher education segment.

AcadeMedia AB is an education services provider in Northern Europe, operating preschools, compulsory schools, and upper secondary schools in Sweden and Norway, as well as adult education units in Sweden. The company’s operating segments include Preschool and International Operations, Compulsory School, Upper Secondary School, and Adult Education. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Preschool and International segment. Geographically, the company operates in Sweden, Finland, Norway, Germany, the Netherlands, the UK, and Poland, deriving the majority of its revenue from Sweden.

CognaEducacao SA is one of those private educational organizations in Brazil and around the world. The company's segment includes Kroton; Vasta and Saber. It generates the maximum of its revenue from the Kroton segment.

Phoenix Education Partners Inc. is a mission-driven organization operating at the forefront of the rapidly evolving post-secondary education market. it is an online education provider and a pioneer in its field. The company benefits from the dynamic interplay between technological innovation, education, employment, and economic trends. It is focused on delivering personalized, career-relevant, and affordable education to its students through its flexible learning model, skills-aligned curriculum, and accessible tuition costs.

Brainbees Solutions Ltd is engaged in the business of buying, selling, advertising, and promoting baby and kids products and Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) goods on a wholesale basis through various business partners. It also runs the pre-school business for kids through various franchisee partners in India.

Taaleem Holdings PJSC is a premium education provider. The group operates two types of schools namely: premium schools and government partnerships. The premium portfolio includes five schools offering an IB curriculum, four schools offering a British curriculum and one school offering an American curriculum.

GMR Power and Urban Infra Limited (GPUIL) is a listed Indian infrastructure company and part of the GMR Group, with businesses in energy, transportation and urban infrastructure. It was incorporated on 17 May 2019 as a wholly owned subsidiary of GMR Infrastructure and became a separately listed company on the BSE and NSE when GMR Infrastructure completed the spin-off of its non-airport businesses on 12 January 2022. Its energy portfolio, anchored by GMR Energy, includes coal-fired plants such as GMR Warora Energy and GMR Kamalanga Energy that sell electricity to state utilities, together with wind, solar and hydro assets including the Upper Karnali project in Nepal. In transportation, GMR Highways operates three national highway concessions in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Haryana–Punjab covering about 888 lane kilometres, earning long-term concession income. Its urban infrastructure arm is developing the Krishnagiri Special Investment Region in Tamil Nadu, and GMR Aviation runs private jet charters. Under its Energy 2.0 strategy the company has moved into large-scale prepaid smart meter installation, with projects live across Uttar Pradesh, and in recent years it has cut debt through asset monetisation and the resolution of legacy disputes.

Stadio Holdings Ltd facilitates the widening of access to quality and relevant higher education programmes in Southern Africa through its three prestigious higher education institutions, namely STADIO Higher Education, AFDA and Milpark Education. The institutions offer a diverse range of undergraduate and postgraduate programmes via the contact learning and distance learning modes of delivery. Geographically it operates in South Africa and Namibia with the majority of the revenue deriving from South Africa.

American Public Education Inc provides online and campus based postsecondary education including various undergraduate and graduate degree programs. The fields of study include business administration, health science, technology, criminal justice, education, liberal arts, national security, military studies, intelligence, and homeland security. There are three reporting segments: the American Public University segment which is the key revenue generator; the Rasmussen University Segment and the Hondros College of Nursing segment. The revenue is generated from net course registrations and enrollment, tuition rate, net tuition, and other fees.

Lincoln Educational Services Corp provides diversified career-oriented post-secondary education to high school graduates and working adults. The company offers programs in automotive technology, skilled trades, healthcare services, hospitality services, and business and information technology. Its reportable segments include; Campus Operations, and Transitional. The majority of the revenue is generated from the Campus Operations segment which includes all campuses that are continuing in operation and contribute to the Company’s core operations and performance.

China Education Group Holdings Ltd is a ultra-large-scale private education group in China with 30 years of experience in higher education operations. CEG's schools offer both higher vocational education and secondary vocational education. The school network spans domestic China and overseas. CEG's full-time student enrollment was about 270,000 as of August 2024.

Duolun Technology Corp Ltd develops motor vehicle driving training and examination system, vehicle driving simulation training systems, intelligent traffic management application platform, traffic signal control systems and electronic police systems.

Scholastic Corp is an American publishing and education media company that focuses on books and educational material for schools, teachers, parents, and children. It creates print, digital, and audiobooks, learning materials and programs, classroom magazines, and other products that support children’s learning and reading both at home and at school. The company also owns rights to various books, including Harry Potter, Dog Man, and The Hunger Games among others. It has three reportable segments Children’s Book Publishing and Distribution, Education Solutions, and International. The majority of its revenue is from the Children’s Book Publishing and Distribution segment.

Almasar Alshamil Education Co is committed to lifelong education while enabling organic growth across existing institutions, expanding its geographic footprint within the GCC, and strategically enhancing offerings in each education segment. It operates in single business segment, Education , which focuses on higher Education and Special Needs Education and Care (SEC). The group operates in Saudi Arabia and the UAE.

Gaotu Techedu Inc is a technology-driven education company that provides online live courses in a large-class setting backed by its proprietary technology infrastructure. The company offers courses in large-class format, which amplifies the benefits of online education and allows it to rapidly expand its student base. It operates solely in the PRC and all assets are located in the PRC. The learning services that the company offers include Traditional Learning Services, Non-Academic Tutoring Services, and College Student and Adult Education Services. It derives maximum revenue from Learning Services and also from Educational content & digitalized learning products.