M2M Group Valuation Multiples

Visa is the largest payment processor in the world. In fiscal 2025, it processed almost $17 trillion in total volume. Visa operates in over 200 countries and processes transactions in over 160 currencies. Its systems are capable of processing over 65,000 transactions per second.

Mastercard is the second-largest payment processor in the world, having processed close to $10 trillion in volume during 2024. Mastercard operates in over 200 countries and processes transactions in over 150 currencies.

Palantir is an artificial intelligence, analytics, and automated decision-making company that leverages data to drive efficiency across its clients' organizations. The firm serves commercial and government clients via its Foundry and Gotham platforms, respectively. Palantir works only with entities in Western-allied nations and reserves the right not to work with anyone that is antithetical to Western values. The company was founded in 2003 and went public in 2020.

American Express is a global financial institution, operating in about 130 countries, that provides consumers and businesses charge and credit card payment products. The company also operates a highly profitable merchant payment network. It operates in four segments: US consumer services, US commercial services, international card services, and global merchant and network services. In addition to payment products, the company's commercial business offers expense management tools, consulting services, and business loans.

Incorporated in 1911, International Business Machines, or IBM, is one of the oldest technology companies in the world. It provides software, IT consulting services, and hardware to help business customers modernize their technology workflows. IBM operates in 175 countries and employs approximately 300,000 people. The company has a robust roster of business partners to service its clients, which includes 95% of all Fortune 500 companies. IBM’s products, including Red Hat, watsonx, and mainframes, handle some of the world’s most important data workloads in areas like finance and retail.

S&P Global provides data and benchmarks to capital and commodity market participants. Its ratings business is the largest credit rating agency in the world and S&P's largest segment by profitability. S&P's largest segment by revenue is market intelligence, which provides desktop, data and advisory solutions, enterprise solutions, and credit/risk solutions mostly in the financial-services industry. S&P's other segments include energy (formerly commodity insights, this segment includes Platts and other data), mobility (Carfax), and indexes. S&P plans to spin off mobility in 2026.

Accenture is a leading IT services firm that provides consulting, system integration, and business process outsourcing to enterprises around the world. Customers of Accenture come from a variety of sectors, including communications, media and technology, financial services, health and public services, consumer products, and resources. Accenture is the world's largest professional services company by headcount with around 800,000 employees in over 120 countries.

Tata Consultancy Services is a leading global IT services provider based in Mumbai, India. Founded in 1968, it is one of the first companies to leverage a global delivery model that helps clients outsource their IT needs to offshore labor. The company boasts a wide range of offerings, including IT consulting, managed services, and business process outsourcing.

Moody’s, along with S&P Ratings, is a leading provider of credit ratings on fixed-income securities. The ratings segment, Moody’s Investors Service, includes corporates, structured finance, financial institutions, and public finance ratings. MIS represents a majority of the firm’s profit and often (depending on bond issuance levels) a majority of the firm's revenue. The other segment, Moody’s Analytics, consists of decision solutions, research and insights, and data and information.

Infosys is an IT services provider based in Bengaluru, India, with offices in more than 50 countries. The company leverages its offshore outsourcing model to serve clients across different industries, such as financial services and manufacturing. Infosys’ IT services offerings include consulting, digital transformation, and business process outsourcing.

PayPal was spun off from eBay in 2015 and provides electronic payment solutions to merchants and consumers, with a focus on online transactions. The company had 434 million active accounts at the end of 2024. The company also owns Venmo, a person-to-person payment platform.

Constellation Software is an acquirer, manager, and developer of vertical market software, or VMS, businesses globally. VMS differentiates from horizontal software in that it provides mission critical solutions within a specific industry for customers in a particular market. Constellation operates through a decentralized model in which each business operates as its own independent entity. Managers of individual businesses are incentivized to optimize their business for returns on invested capital and revenue growth. Excess cash generated by the individual businesses is repatriated to portfolio managers who focus on allocating as much capital as possible on new acquisitions. As of 2025, Constellation consisted of over 1,000 individual businesses and 64,000 employees.

Fujitsu Ltd delivers total solutions in the field of information and communication technology. The company provides solutions/system integration services focused on information system consulting and construction, and infrastructure services centered on outsourcing services. The company operates in three segments. The Hardware Solution segment covers system products such as servers, storage systems, and network equipment, including mobile base stations and optical transmission systems. Service Solution consists of global services centered on Fujitsu Uvance, along with Japan and overseas region-specific businesses. Ubiquitous Solution focuses on client computing devices such as personal computers. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Service Solution segment.

NEC Corp is engaged in IT services, networks, social infrastructure, and solutions. The company operates through three segments: IT Services, Social Infrastructure, and Others. The IT Services segment provides system integration, consulting, maintenance, outsourcing, cloud services, system equipment, and software services. The Social Infrastructure segment offers network infrastructure, including core networks, mobile base stations, optical transmission systems, and marine systems, along with telecom software, OSS/BSS solutions, aerospace and defense system integration, and maintenance. The Others segment covers the development, manufacturing, and sales of system equipment. It generates the majority of its revenue from the IT Services segment.

HCL Technologies Ltd provides enterprises with IT solutions. It focuses on offering Digital, Internet of Things, Cloud, Automation, Cybersecurity, Infrastructure Management, and Engineering services to solve business problems for clients. It offers solutions to a variety of industries, including Financial Services, Public Services, Consumer Services, Healthcare, and Manufacturing. It operates in three segments: IT and Business Services, Engineering and R&D Services, and HCL Software. The firm emphasizes consultation services for firms, intending to offer them digital and design solutions. The majority of the firm's revenue comes from the IT and Business Services segment. Geographically, it derives maximum revenue from the USA, and the rest from Europe, India, and the Rest of the world.

Circle Internet Group Inc is a financial technology firm engaged in digital currencies and public blockchains for payments, commerce, and financial applications. The company is the issuer of USD Coin (USDC).

Fiserv is a leading provider of core processing and complementary services, such as electronic funds transfer, payment processing, and loan processing, for US banks and credit unions, with a focus on small and midsize banks. Following its 2019 merger with First Data, Fiserv also provides payment processing services to merchants. About 10% of the company’s revenue is generated internationally.

PT DCI Indonesia Tbk is a data center provider in Indonesia. It provides reliable, well networked, and well-managed cloud and carrier-neutral data center infrastructure services in Indonesia. The company operates in two segments: Colocation services and Others. The services offered by the company include Colocation, Cross Connect, Flexspace, Smarthands, CloudConnect, and DCI Internet Exchange.

Hithink RoyalFlush Information Network Co Ltd is engaged in providing Internet financial information services and online financial software. The company's business includes an online market trading system, mobile financial information service, fund sales, financial big data processing, and cloud services. It serves individuals, brokers, funds, private placements, banks, insurance, government, and research Institutional clients.

Founded in 1956, Fair Isaac Corporation is a leading applied analytics company. Fair Isaac is primarily known for its FICO credit scores, which is a widely used industry benchmark to determine the creditworthiness of an individual consumer. The firm’s US-centric credit scores business accounts for most of the firm’s revenue and profits and consists of business-to-business and business-to-consumer services. In addition to scores, Fair Isaac also sells software primarily to financial institutions for areas such as analytics, decision-making, customer workflows, and fraud.

Cognizant Technology Solutions is a multinational IT services provider that offers a range of consulting and business process outsourcing services. Originally founded in India, the company is headquartered in the US and serves enterprise customers spanning the financial services, healthcare, and resources industries. With most of its workforce located in India, Cognizant leverages a global delivery model that helps clients outsource their IT needs to offshore labor.

Verisk is a leading data, analytics, and technology provider for property-casualty insurers. Verisk traces its history to Insurance Services Office, a nonprofit advisory organization founded in 1971 by US P&C insurers. ISO was formed as an association of insurance companies to assist with a variety of insurance use cases, such as reporting to regulators, defining policies, and determining independent premium rates. As the firm expanded its use cases, it became a for-profit company, renamed Verisk, and went public in 2009. Verisk’s single segment (insurance) provides underwriting solutions, including forms, rules, loss costs, and catastrophe modeling. For claims, Verisk’s solutions include property repair estimates and antifraud tools. About 83% of Verisk’s revenue is US-based.

Fidelity National Information Services provides core processing and ancillary services to banks, but its business has expanded over time. By acquiring SunGard in 2015, the company now provides record-keeping and other services to investment firms. With the acquisition of Worldpay in 2019, FIS was providing payment processing services for merchants and holding leading positions in the United States and United Kingdom. But the company sold off a majority interest in Worldpay and now has only a minority stake.

Wipro is a multinational IT services provider based in Bengaluru, India. The company pivoted into the IT space in the 1980s and grew into one of the largest Indian IT consulting companies during the dot-com boom. Nowadays, Wipro leverages its offshore outsourcing model to derive a significant portion of its revenue from North America and Europe.

Capgemini is a French IT services company with a global presence. The firm has over 450 offices globally, with more than half of its employees based in India. Capgemini provides services related to IT consulting, software application and technology services, infrastructure management, engineering research and development, and business process outsourcing.

TD Synnex Corp is a distributor and solutions aggregator for the IT ecosystem. The company aggregates and distributes IT hardware, software, and systems including personal computing devices and peripherals, mobile phones and accessories, printers, server and data center infrastructure, hybrid cloud, security, networking, communications and storage solutions, and system components. Its geographical segments include the Americas, Europe, and APJ.

Broadridge Financial Solutions, which was spun off from Automatic Data Processing in 2007, is a leading provider of investor communication and technology-driven solutions to banks, broker/dealers, traditional and alternative-asset managers, wealth managers, and corporate issuers. Broadridge is composed of two operating segments: investor communication solutions and global technology and operations.

Kaspi.kz JSC is the payment, marketplace, and Fintech ecosystem in Kazakhstan. The firm provides interconnected technologically seamless products and services that help people to pay, shop and manage their finances. Its operating segment includes the Payments Platform that connects its customers, which consist of both consumers and merchants, to facilitate cashless, digital transactions, the Marketplace Platform that connects merchants and consumers enabling merchants to increase their sales and consumers to buy a broad selection of products and services offered by a variety of merchants, and Fintech Platform that enables customers to manage their personal finances online and access consumer finance and deposit products through the Kaspi.kz Super App.

SS&C Technologies provides software products and software-enabled services to a variety of customers primarily in financial services. Acquisitions are a large part of SS&C's history. SS&C GlobeOp provides fund administration services to alternative and traditional asset managers. In addition, SS&C provides portfolio accounting, portfolio management, trading, banking/lending, and other software to asset managers, banks, and financial advisors. SS&C’s purchase of Intralinks makes it a leading player in virtual deal room solutions. With its 2018 purchase of DST Systems, SS&C gained a foothold in the healthcare industry with pharmacy health management solutions and medical claim administration services. In 2022, SS&C acquired robotic process automation software firm Blue Prism.

Leidos Holdings Inc is a technology, engineering, and science company that provides services and solutions in the defense, intelligence, civil, and health management, both domestically and internationally. The customers of the company includes the U.S. Department of Defense ("DoD"), the U.S. Intelligence Community, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security ("DHS"), the Federal Aviation Administration ("FAA"), the Department of Veterans Affairs ("VA"), and many other U.S. civilian, state and local government agencies, etc. The company is engaged in four reportable segments; National Security & Digital, Health & Civil, Commercial & International and Defense Systems. It provides a wide array of scientific, engineering and technical services and solutions across these reportable segments.

NRI was formed in 1988 through the merger of the original Nomura Research Institute and Nomura Computer Systems. Its core financial IT solutions segment (roughly half of revenue) acts as a de facto utility for Japan’s capital markets, running shared back-office platforms for major brokerages and banks. The industrial IT solutions segment builds supply chain and enterprise resource planning systems for retailers and manufacturers. These are supported by IT platform services (data centers) and a consulting business that originates digital transformation projects. Nomura Holdings, the parent of Nomura Securities, remains NRI’s largest shareholder with a 20% stake.

LTIMindtree Ltd is a world-wide technology consulting and digital solutions company that enables enterprises across industries to reimagine business models, accelerate innovation, and maximize growth by harnessing digital technologies. The company's segment includes Banking, Financial Services and Insurance; Technology, Media & Communications; Manufacturing and Resources; Consumer Business; and Healthcare, Life sciences & Public Services. It derives maximum revenue from Banking, Financial Services and Insurance segment. Geographically, the company operates in North America, Europe, and Rest of the World.

ELM Co is engaged in providing ready-made and customized digital solutions in many areas. Its ready-made solutions serve a broad segment of customers, who can subscribe to different packages of their choosing to meet their needs and suffice business requirements. The services offered by the company include Consulting, Data Analysis and Technical solutions. The segments are Digital Business, Business Process Outsourcing and Professional Services, out of which the majority are from the Digital Business segment.

CGI is a Canada-based IT-services provider with an embedded position in North America and Europe. The company is one of the major IT suppliers to different levels of government around the world. It offers a broad portfolio of services such as consulting, systems integration, application maintenance, and business process services to governments and the private sector. With offices in over 40 countries, CGI follows a balanced global delivery model with most consultants in client proximity.

Tech Mahindra Ltd is an IT services and consulting company in India. It offers a variety of technology solutions and services in addition to business process services. Its segments are Information Technology and Business Process Services. The technology solutions include helping companies engage in cloud software, mobile solutions, network services, cybersecurity, and a variety of other options. The business process service is offered across various industries including telecom, financial services, retail, energy, hospitality, high-tech, agriculture, and food beverage. The company generates the majority of its revenue from Communications & Media & Entertainment Industry. Geographically the company generates the majority of its revenue from the Americas.

LTM Ltd is a technology services and consulting company. It is an AI-centric world-wide technology services company and the Business Creativity partner to the world's disruptive enterprises. The group provides Banking, Capital Markets, Communications, Healthcare, Insurance, and Others.

Unisplendour Corp Ltd is engaged in cloud computing infrastructure construction and industry smart application services. The company operates through three segments. The Digital Business segment focuses on services such as digital platforms, smart computing, smart storage, cloud computing, and services, as well as active security and related fields. The Distribution Business segment involves the sale of IT products, including switches, routers, wireless devices, and 5G-related equipment. The Others segment covers areas like digital solutions, high-level planning, software development, system integration, and maintenance management.

CDW Corp is a multi-brand provider of information technology (IT) solutions to businesses, government, education, and healthcare customers in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada. The company's offerings range from hardware and software products to integrated IT solutions and services, including on-premise and cloud capabilities across hybrid infrastructure, digital experience, and security. Its reportable segments are Corporate, Small Business, Public, and Other. The Corporate and Small Business segments serve US private sector business customers, while the Public segment consists of government agencies and education and healthcare institutions in the US. The Corporate segment generates the majority of its revenue in the United States.

Founded in Australia in 1978, Computershare has grown via acquisitions to become the world's leading provider of issuer services. Employee share plans and communications services are commonly sold together with issuer services to corporations. The company also has a business services offering and a corporate trust business, alongside a small mortgage administration business that's due to be divested. Over the medium term, around half of group EBITDA is expected to be generated from interest income on client cash balances, or margin income, which is exposed to interest-rate movements.

Applied Digital Corp is a designer, developer, and operator of next-generation digital infrastructure across North America. It provides digital infrastructure solutions and cloud services to industries like High-Performance Computing (HPC) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). The company operates in the following business segments: Data Center Hosting Business and HPC Hosting Business. The majority of its revenue is generated from the Data Center Hosting Business, which operates data centers to provide energized space to crypto mining customers.

Hyundai Autoever Corp is a South Korea based company involved in providing information technology related services in the the automotive sector. It provides Cloud services for part suppliers, Digital Marketing, Mobility services, ICT R&D for smart automobiles and Dealer Management services. The other services of the company include Smart factory, Smart SOC, Smart Security and E-governance among others.

Obic is one of Japan’s largest enterprise resource planning service providers with a dominant share of the Japanese midsize corporate market. Obic has three main business lines: system integration, system support, and office automation, and, thus, offers one-stop construction and operation of information systems centered on its proprietary ERP suite. The company, which has a 57-year history, reported fiscal March 2025 revenue of JPY 121.2 billion, with system integration contributing 41.5%, system support 52%, and office automation 6.5%.

SCSK Corp is engaged in providing comprehensive IT services and solutions across various industries. The company operates through six reportable segments: Industrial IT, Financial IT, IT Solutions, IT Platform, IT Management, and Other. It offers system development, maintenance, and operation services, including core systems, SCM, CRM, and information systems, as well as embedded software development for automotive electronics, middleware solutions, software inspection, and process improvement. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Industrial IT segment.

Guidewire Software provides cloud-based software solutions for property and casualty insurers. The flagship product, InsuranceSuite is a system of record and comprises ClaimCenter, a claims management system; PolicyCenter, a policy management system including policy definitions, quotas, issuance, maintenance, and renewal; and BillingCenter, for billing management, payment plans, and agent commissions. The company also offers InsuranceNow, a midmarket offering, as well as a variety of other add-on applications and services.

CACI International Inc is an information solutions and services provider, offering information solutions and services to its customers. The company's primary customers are agencies and departments of the U.S. government, which account for the vast majority of the firm's revenue. It provides information solutions and services supporting national security missions and government modernization for intelligence, defense, and federal civilian customers. Some of the services provided by the company are functional software development, data, and business analysis, IT operations support, naval architecture, and life cycle support intelligence among others. The company's operating segments are; Domestic operations and International operations. It derives key revenue from the Domestic segment.

Indra Sistemas SA is a Spain-based provider of information technology offerings for finance, insurance, public administration, airports, defense, healthcare, media, telecom, security, energy, and infrastructure end markets. Its product capabilities include analytics, cloud computing, enterprise resource planning, networks and communications, electoral processes, bus technology, subway technology, and sustainability solutions. The firm generates revenue in Europe, Africa, the Middle East, the Americas, and Asia-Pacific.

Beijing Compass Technology Development Co Ltd is the provider of professional financial data analysis and securities investment advisory services. The company is a securities analysis software developer and securities information service provider in China.

Samsung SDS Co Ltd is a Korean company which provides software solutions and information technology (IT) services. The company operates two reportable segments: Information Technology (IT) Services and Logistical Services. The IT Services segment delivers cloud services, system integration, and IT outsourcing based on the company’s technology capabilities. The Logistical Services segment provides end-to-end international logistics through its Cello and Cello Square platforms, covering international and inland transportation, logistics center operations, and project logistics.