Ludan Tech Valuation Multiples

Accenture is a leading IT services firm that provides consulting, system integration, and business process outsourcing to enterprises around the world. Customers of Accenture come from a variety of sectors, including communications, media and technology, financial services, health and public services, consumer products, and resources. Accenture is the world’s largest professional services company by headcount, with around 800,000 employees in over 120 countries.

Quanta Services is a leading specialty contractor serving customers across the utility, telecom, oil and gas, and renewable energy markets. The company operates through two segments: electric and underground utility. Through a combination of organic growth and a disciplined acquisition strategy, Quanta has grown into the largest provider of electric transmission and distribution contracting services in the US.

VINCI is a global concessions, energy, and construction group operating transport infrastructure, engineering, contracting, and facilities businesses. The organization serves B2B, B2G customers and counterparties through the operating assets, products, or financial capabilities described in the cited transaction materials. Its principal economics are Services, while its competitive position depends on sector expertise, asset quality, customer relationships, execution, and disciplined capital allocation. The business was founded in 1899 and is headquartered in Nanterre. The Cegelec exchange expanded VINCI’s energy-services operations and made Qatari Diar a substantial shareholder. The profile reflects the legal or operating business at the transaction date, including its historical identity where a subsequent listing, merger, privatization, disposal, or reorganization changed its name or ownership.

CRH is a global building materials group headquartered in Dublin, Ireland and New York, which moved its primary stock listing to the New York Stock Exchange in June 2023. It was formed on 20 October 1970 through the merger of Cement Limited and Roadstone Limited and listed on the Irish Stock Exchange in 1973. It operates through CRH Americas, covering materials and building solutions across 48 US states and 7 Canadian provinces, and CRH International, with operations in Europe, Australia and the Philippines, from about 3,961 locations in 28 countries. For 2025 it reported revenue of US$37.4 billion and net income of US$3.75 billion with about 83,000 employees, and it earns revenue from aggregates, cement, asphalt, ready-mixed concrete and building products. Its acquisitions include the EUR 6.5 billion Lafarge and Holcim assets in 2015, which included Tarmac in the UK, and Ash Grove Cement for US$3.5 billion in 2018. Jim Mintern is chief executive.

Larsen & Toubro Ltd is a technology, engineering, manufacturing, and financial services conglomerate operating globally. It enters into contracts to construct various facilities, develop solutions for offshore and onshore hydrocarbon projects, serve power plants, build ships, and perform other engineering projects. Its integrated capabilities help customers throughout the entire value chain, from design to delivering a project. The company's operating segments are: Infrastructure projects, Energy projects, Hi-Tech Manufacturing, IT & Technology services, Financial services, Development projects, and other segments. A majority of its revenue is generated from the Infrastructure projects segment. Geographically, the group generates maximum revenue from its operations in India.

Comfort Systems USA Inc provides comprehensive mechanical contracting services, including heating, ventilation, & air conditioning, or HVAC; plumbing; piping & controls; construction; and other electrical components. Projects are mainly for commercial, industrial, & institutional buildings, & tend to be geared toward HVAC. Revenue is roughly split between installation services for newly constructed facilities & maintenance services for existing buildings. The company installs & repairs products and systems throughout the United States. It operates in two segments, Mechanical services & Electrical services, the majority is from the Mechanical services segment.

HCL Technologies Ltd provides enterprises with IT solutions. It focuses on offering Digital, Internet of Things, Cloud, Automation, Cybersecurity, Infrastructure Management, and Engineering services to solve business problems for clients. It offers solutions to a variety of industries, including Financial Services, Public Services, Consumer Services, Healthcare, and Manufacturing. It operates in three segments: IT and Business Services, Engineering and R&D Services, and HCL Software. The firm emphasizes consultation services for firms, intending to offer them digital and design solutions. The majority of the firm's revenue comes from the IT and Business Services segment. Geographically, it derives maximum revenue from the USA, and the rest from Europe, India, and the Rest of the world.

Martin Marietta Materials is one of the United States' largest producer of construction aggregates (crushed stone, sand, and gravel). In 2024, Martin Marietta sold 191 million tons of aggregates. Martin Marietta's most important markets include Texas, North Carolina, Colorado, California, and Georgia, accounting for most of its sales. The company also uses its aggregates in its asphalt and ready-mixed concrete businesses. Martin’s magnesia specialties business produces magnesia-based chemical products and dolomitic lime.

Ferrovial is a global transportation infrastructure investor, developer, and operator, with a strong presence in North American toll roads. In recent years, it shifted its portfolio toward North America and India, and lowered its exposure to Europe (including selling its stake in Heathrow Airport). The jewels in its crown include its stake in the 99-year lease to operate the Highway 407 ETR toll road in Toronto and its concession to develop and operate New Terminal One at JFK until 2060.

Samsung C&T is a South Korean construction, trading and consumer-business group headquartered in Seoul and listed on the Korea Exchange, and it is often regarded as the de facto holding company of the Samsung group because of its large stakes in other Samsung affiliates. It is organised into Engineering & Construction, Trading & Investment, Fashion and Resort groups, plus a biopharmaceutical business built around its stake in contract manufacturer Samsung Biologics. The construction group is an engineering, procurement and construction contractor known for skyscrapers such as the Burj Khalifa, the Petronas Towers, Merdeka 118 and Taipei 101; the trading group handles international trade in industrial goods; the fashion group sells apparel brands such as Bean Pole; and the resort group runs the Everland and Caribbean Bay theme parks, golf courses and the Samsung Welstory food service business. In 2025 the company reported revenue of KRW 40.742 trillion and operating profit of KRW 3.293 trillion, with construction contributing KRW 14.1 trillion and trading KRW 14.6 trillion, and it employs more than 17,000 people. Samsung C&T was founded in 1938 by Lee Byung-chul as the first Samsung company, was designated Korea's first general trading company in 1975, merged with Samsung Construction in 1995 and combined with Cheil Industries in September 2015.

Vulcan Materials is the largest producer of construction aggregates in the US. The company produced around 228 million tons of aggregates in 2025 and has 16.6 billion tons of proven and probable reserves, equivalent to roughly 83 years of supply at current production levels. Over the past several years, Vulcan has increasingly focused its portfolio on aggregates while reducing its exposure to downstream businesses such as ready-mix concrete and asphalt. The company operates across 23 US states, with additional operations in Mexico.

Experian is one of the leading credit bureaus in North America and the United Kingdom, providing the consumer information that is the basis for making lending decisions. The company also provides decision analytics, marketing data, and direct-to-consumer credit products and services. Roughly one quarter of the company's revenue is generated outside of North America and the United Kingdom, primarily in Latin America and Asia.

EMCOR Group Inc is a specialty contractor in the United States and a provider of electrical and mechanical construction and facilities services, building services, and industrial services. Its services are provided to a broad range of commercial, technology, manufacturing, industrial, healthcare, utility, and institutional customers through approximately 100 operating subsidiaries. The company's operating subsidiaries are organized into reportable segments: United States mechanical construction and facilities services, which derives key revenue; United States electrical construction and facilities services; United States building services; United States industrial services; and United Kingdom building services. Geographically, its key revenue is derived from the United States.

Hochtief AG develops and constructs building and infrastructure projects. It works on complex projects in transportation, energy, urban infrastructure, and mining markets. It expands transportation networks with roads, bridges, and tunnels, or designs and constructs office buildings, hospitals, and power plants. The company leans on expertise and technical know-how in developing, financing, building, and operating in designated business areas. Also, it will partner with external groups to work on specific components of a project. Its regional divisions are Americas, Asia Pacific, and Europe. The Americas and the Asia Pacific account for the majority of sales and are where the company's assets are located.

Epiroc is a global manufacturer of niche equipment and services used by mining and infrastructure customers. The company’s products include hard rock drilling equipment and excavation technologies for underground and surface mining, as well as servicing and spare parts. Approximately 69% of group sales are from the aftermarket, which includes services and the sale of spare parts and consumables. Epiroc was spun out of Atlas Copco and listed as a stand-alone company on Nasdaq Stockholm in 2018.

Cognizant Technology Solutions is a multinational IT services provider that offers a range of consulting and business process outsourcing services. Originally founded in India, the company is headquartered in the US and serves enterprise customers spanning the financial services, healthcare, and resources industries. With most of its workforce located in India, Cognizant leverages a global delivery model that helps clients outsource their IT needs to offshore labor.

China State Construction Engineering Corp Ltd is a construction and real estate conglomerate. The company conducts its operations through five segments: Housing Construction segment, Infrastructure Construction and Investment segment, Real Estate Development and Investment segment, Design & Survey segment, and Others segment. It derives the majority of its revenue from the Housing Construction segment. The company's services include product technology research and development, survey and design, real estate development, engineering contracting, equipment manufacturing, asset operation, and property management.

ACS Actividades de Construccion y Servicios SA completes construction and service activities for infrastructure and energy projects. In addition to infrastructure-related developments, the company constructs buildings and projects related to the mining sector. It has four operating segments: construction (majority of total revenue), Concessions, Services (which offers comprehensive maintenance services for buildings, public places and organisations) and corporate. Its services revolve around industrial engineering and operating energy, industrial, and mobility infrastructures. Additional sales are generated from aftermarket services and contracts to perform upkeep on existing structures. Approximately half of total revenue derives from the Americas.

Verisk is a leading data, analytics, and technology provider for property-casualty insurers. Verisk traces its history to Insurance Services Office, a nonprofit advisory organization founded in 1971 by US P&C insurers. ISO was formed as an association of insurance companies to assist with a variety of insurance use cases, such as reporting to regulators, defining policies, and determining independent premium rates. As the firm expanded its use cases, it became a for-profit company, renamed Verisk, and went public in 2009.Verisk’s single segment (insurance) provides underwriting solutions, including forms, rules, loss costs, and catastrophe modeling. For claims, Verisk’s solutions include property repair estimates and antifraud tools. About 83% of Verisk’s revenue is US-based.

Sany Heavy Industry Co Ltd is a construction machinery manufacturer in China. Its products range from concrete and crane machinery to excavators, road construction, piling machinery, and others. The company operates its businesses through seven segments: Concrete Machinery, Excavator Machinery, Hoisting Machinery, Piling Machinery, Road Machinery, Financial Services, and Others. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Excavator Machinery segment, which engages in research, development, manufacture, and sale of excavator machinery products.

Capgemini is a French IT services company with a global presence. The firm has over 450 offices globally, with more than half of its employees based in India. Capgemini provides services related to IT consulting, software application and technology services, infrastructure management, engineering research and development, and business process outsourcing.

NRI was formed in 1988 through the merger of the original Nomura Research Institute and Nomura Computer Systems. Its core financial IT solutions segment (roughly half of revenue) acts as a de facto utility for Japan’s capital markets, running shared back-office platforms for major brokerages and banks. The industrial IT solutions segment builds supply chain and enterprise resource planning systems for retailers and manufacturers. These are supported by IT platform services (data centers) and a consulting business that originates digital transformation projects. Nomura Holdings, the parent of Nomura Securities, remains NRI’s largest shareholder with a 20% stake.

China Tower Corp Ltd is a telecommunications tower infrastructure service provider. The Company is principally engaged in the construction, maintenance, and operation of base station ancillary facilities such as telecommunications towers, public network coverage in high-speed railways and subways, and large-scale indoor Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS). The business of the company includes Tower business; DAS business; Smart Tower business and Energy business. The Group’s revenue is generated from the Three TSPs.

Along with Experian and TransUnion, Equifax is one of the leading credit bureaus in the United States. Equifax’s credit reports provide credit histories on millions of consumers, and the firm's services are critical to lenders’ credit decisions. In addition, about 40% of the firm’s revenue comes from Workforce Solutions, which provides income verification and employer human resources services. Equifax generates about 25% of its revenue from outside the United States.

Bouygues is a family-controlled French conglomerate that comprises a disparate range of assets: construction businesses, a TV network, and a telecom network. It is one of the largest construction companies in France and Europe, with over EUR 45 billion in revenue across the four engineering, procurement, and construction businesses under its ownership, as well as one of the four telecom operators in France.

APi Group Corp operates in two segments: Safety Services segment includes providing safety services in North America, Asia Pacific, and Europe, focusing on end-to-end integrated occupancy systems (fire protection solutions, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning and entry systems), including design, installation, inspection, and service of these integrated systems. These services are provided in commercial, education, healthcare, high tech, industrial, and special-hazard settings. Specialty Services segment includes providing a variety of infrastructure services and specialized industrial plant services, which include maintenance and repair of critical infrastructure such as underground electric, gas, water, sewer, and telecommunications infrastructure.

Jacobs Solutions is a global provider of engineering, design, procurement, construction, and maintenance services as well as cyber engineering and security solutions. The firm serves industrial, commercial, and government clients in a wide variety of sectors, including water, transportation, healthcare, technology, and chemicals. Jacobs Solutions employs approximately 60,000 workers. The company generated $12 billion in revenue in fiscal 2025.

WSP Global Inc provides a professional services consulting firm offering technical expertise and advice to clients in the Transportation & Infrastructure, Earth & Environment, Property & Buildings, and Power & Energy sectors. The company also offers specialized services in project and program delivery and advisory services. The firm operates through four reportable segments namely, Canada, Americas ( United States and Latin America), EMEIA (Europe, Middle East, India and Africa), and APAC (Asia Pacific, comprising Australia, New Zealand and Asia).

Leidos Holdings Inc is a technology, engineering, and science company that provides services and solutions in the defense, intelligence, civil, and health management, both domestically and internationally. The customers of the company includes the U.S. Department of Defense ("DoD"), the U.S. Intelligence Community, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security ("DHS"), the Federal Aviation Administration ("FAA"), the Department of Veterans Affairs ("VA"), and many other U.S. civilian, state and local government agencies, etc. The company is engaged in four reportable segments; National Security & Digital, Health & Civil, Commercial & International and Defense Systems. It provides a wide array of scientific, engineering and technical services and solutions across these reportable segments.

MasTec is a leading infrastructure construction company operating mainly in North America across a range of industries. Its primary activities include engineering, building, installing, maintaining, and upgrading communications, oil and gas, utility, renewable energy, and other infrastructure. MasTec reports its results under five segments: communications; clean energy and infrastructure; pipeline infrastructure; power delivery; and other.

China Railway Group Ltd is a construction conglomerate company. The company's operating segment includes Infrastructure construction; Survey, design and consulting services; Engineering equipment and component manufacturing; Property development, and Other businesses. It generates maximum revenue from the Infrastructure construction segment. The Infrastructure construction segment includes the construction of railways, highways, bridges, tunnels, metropolitan railways (including subways and light railways), buildings, irrigation works, hydroelectricity projects, ports, docks, airports, and other municipal works.

Cemex SAB de CV is a ready-mix concrete company that mainly engaged in activities that are oriented to the construction industry, mainly through the production, marketing, sale, and distribution of cement, ready-mix concrete, aggregates, urbanization solutions, and other construction materials and also provide related services and reliable construction-related services to customers and communities and maintain business relationships in more than 60 countries throughout the world. The company operates in different parts of the world, with operations in Mexico, the United States, the EMEA region and the SCA&C region.

CG Power & Industrial Solutions Ltd is an India-based company engaged in providing products, services, and solutions to utilities, industries, and consumers for the management and application of sustainable electrical energy. It has two reportable business segments: Industrial Systems, which derives key revenue, and Power Systems. The Power Systems segment includes products and services from ultra-high-voltage, high voltage, medium voltage and low voltage like transformer, switchgear, and turnkey projects; and the Industrial Systems segment, includes rotating machines of power and ratings, automated AC, DC, and frequency drives and control systems like electric motors, alternators, drives, traction electronics, and SCADA. Geographically, it derives key revenue from the domestic market.

Bureau Veritas is a testing, inspection, and certification company. Its primary activities include testing products and materials, inspecting sites and equipment, and certifying products and systems to maintain global standards. Bureau Veritas is one of a handful of companies in the TIC sector that operate globally across numerous industries, including marine, industry, commodities, construction, and consumer products. Bureau Veritas was listed in 2007; it was previously privately owned by the Wendel Group, which retains a significant holding.

Kajima Corp provides civil engineering and project management for multiple industries. It works in multiple phases, from planning and development to maintenance and renovation. The company constructs skyscrapers, power plants, office buildings, and other large structures. It enters into contracts to complete construction work at the designated site and add the necessary improvements. The company has five reportable segments: civil engineering, building business, real estate development, and other domestic subsidiaries, and overseas subsidiaries. The company utilizes research and development for all segments and allows engineers to receive training and enhance expertise through various programs. Japan accounts for the majority of the total revenue.

STRABAG SE is a European-based technology group for construction services, a leader in innovation and financial strength. Its activities span all areas of the construction industry and cover the entire construction value chain. It has four operating segments: North and West; South and East; International and Special divisions; and Other. It builds large transportation infrastructure, plants, commercial and industrial facilities, and other large structures related to industrial development. The company generates revenue in Germany, Austria, the Rest of Europe, and the Rest of world of which majority of revenue comes from Germany.

Sterling Infrastructure Inc operates through subsidiaries within three segments: E-Infrastructure, Transportation, and Building Solutions in the United States, mainly across the Southern, Northeastern, Mid-Atlantic, and Rocky Mountain regions and the Pacific Islands. E-Infrastructure Solutions generates maximum revenue and provides site development and mission-critical electrical services for data centers, manufacturing, distribution centers, warehousing, and power generation. Transportation Solutions includes infrastructure and rehabilitation projects for highways, airports, ports, rail, and storm drainage systems. Building Solutions includes residential and commercial concrete foundations, parking structures, plumbing services, and surveys for new single-family residential builds.

Gartner Inc delivers actionable, objective business and technology insights that drive smarter decisions and stronger performance on an organization's mission-critical priorities. It delivers its products and services globally through three reportable segments - Business and Technology Insights, Conferences and Consulting. Insights equips executives and their teams from every Majority function, geography, industry and sector with actionable, objective insights, guidance and tools. Conferences provides executives and teams across an organization the opportunity to learn, share and network. and Consulting serves senior executives technology-driven strategic initiatives leveraging the power of Gartner's actionable, objective insight. The Majority revenue is derived from the Insights segment.

Acciona SA is an engineering and construction firm providing sustainable solutions for infrastructure and renewable energy projects across the world. It works in various phases, from design and construction to operations and maintenance. The company operates two business divisions energy and infrastructure. The infrastructure division encompasses construction, water treatment, industrial, and service business lines. Energy developments focus on renewable technologies and revolve around wind, solar, hydro, and biomass. The company has a presence on five continents and utilizes an organizational structure to ensure availability.

China Communications Construction Co Ltd is a engineering and construction company providing construction solutions and services. The company's segment includes Construction; Design; Dredging and others. It generates maximum revenue from the Construction segment. The Construction segment includes infrastructure construction of ports, roads, bridges and railways, municipal and environmental engineering, and others.

Obayashi Corp is a Japan-based company mainly engaged in construction and real estate business. The company operates through five segments. The Domestic Architecture segment undertakes construction work in Japan, while the Domestic Civil Engineering segment handles civil engineering projects within the country. The Overseas Architecture and Overseas Civil Engineering segments are involved in construction and civil engineering projects abroad. The Real Estate segment focuses on development activities, including real estate sales, leasing, and residential land development. The Others segment is engaged in PFI projects, renewable energy, rug business, and financial services. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Domestic Architecture segment.

China Railway Construction Corp Ltd operates as an infrastructure construction firm. It largely derives contracting revenue. It builds railways, highways and municipal works, such as subways and light rail systems. The company also engages in survey and design, manufacturing, logistics, and property development. It operates the following business segments: Construction, Planning & Design, manufacturing and Real Estate; and Other Business Operations. The firm's revenue gets dominated by the Construction segment that engages in the construction of infrastructure such as railways, highways, metropolitan railways, and real estate projects.

Power Construction Corporation of China Ltd is engaged in engineering contracting, power investment and operation, equipment manufacturing and leasing, and real estate development.

Samsung Heavy Industries Co Ltd is a South Korean-based shipbuilding and construction company. The company has two reportable segments: Shipbuilding Offshore and Energy Infrastructure Solution. The Shipbuilding Offshore segment derives revenue from LNG ships, container ships, FLNG and related products, serving mainly overseas ship owners. The Energy Infrastructure Solution segment is involved in civil engineering, architecture and related infrastructure products, with the majority of customers including construction companies. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Shipbuilding Offshore segment.

ELM Co is engaged in providing ready-made and customized digital solutions in many areas. Its ready-made solutions serve a broad segment of customers, who can subscribe to different packages of their choosing to meet their needs and suffice business requirements. The services offered by the company include Consulting, Data Analysis and Technical solutions. The segments are Digital Business, Business Process Outsourcing and Professional Services, out of which the majority are from the Digital Business segment.

Doosan Corp. is a South Korean company engaged in heavy industries, machinery manufacturing and others through its subsidiaries. The company generates the majority of its revenue from three subsidies: Doosan Infracore, or DI; Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction, or DHC; and Doosan Engineering & Construction, or DEC. DI, which is partially owned by Doosan Corp., is engaged in manufacturing and selling of internal combustion engines, construction machinery, and others. DHC, another company partially owned by Doosan Corp., is engaged in supplying generating units, casting, forging, and other businesses. DEC, whose majority stake is owned by Doosan Corp., is engaged in apartment building constructions. The company generates most of its sales from Asia, the U.S., and Europe.

Skanska AB is one of the world's construction and project development companies. It develops properties and structures in the Nordic region, North America, and elsewhere. The company uses its skills and expertise to develop highways, bridges, mass transit, houses, and logistic centers. Skanska operates in business segments: construction, that derives majority of total revenue, residential development, Investment Properties, and commercial property development. Geographically, the company derives majority of revenue from Sweden, it also has its presence in UK, USA, Norway and Others.

Eiffage is a leading French infrastructure concessions operator and construction business. It operates four business lines: construction, infrastructure, energy, and concessions. Its concession assets include 2,635 kilometers of toll roads (88% of which belong to APRR and AREA), two airports, and numerous public/private partnerships in France. The concessions segment accounts for 16% of group revenue but generates 66% of group adjusted EBIT. Eiffage’s contracting division currently benefits from a record backlog, providing good visibility on sales growth and margin expansion.