Unified Factory Valuation Multiples

Automatic Data Processing is a global technology company providing cloud-based human capital management solutions, enabling clients to better implement payroll, talent, time, tax, and benefits administration. Additionally, ADP provides human resource outsourcing solutions that permit customers to offload some of their traditional HR tasks. The company operates through two segments: employer services and professional employer organization services. Employer services consist of the company’s HCM products as well as a la carte HRO solutions. PEO services contain ADP’s comprehensive HRO solution, where it acts as a co-employer with its customer. As of fiscal 2025, ADP serves over 1.1 million clients and pays over 42 million workers across 140 countries.

Infosys is an IT services provider based in Bengaluru, India, with offices in more than 50 countries. The company leverages its offshore outsourcing model to serve clients across different industries, such as financial services and manufacturing. Infosys’ IT services offerings include consulting, digital transformation, and business process outsourcing.

HCL Technologies Ltd provides enterprises with IT solutions. It focuses on offering Digital, Internet of Things, Cloud, Automation, Cybersecurity, Infrastructure Management, and Engineering services to solve business problems for clients. It offers solutions to a variety of industries, including Financial Services, Public Services, Consumer Services, Healthcare, and Manufacturing. It operates in three segments: IT and Business Services, Engineering and R&D Services, and HCL Software. The firm emphasizes consultation services for firms, intending to offer them digital and design solutions. The majority of the firm's revenue comes from the IT and Business Services segment. Geographically, it derives maximum revenue from the USA, and the rest from Europe, India, and the Rest of the world.

Cognizant Technology Solutions is a multinational IT services provider that offers a range of consulting and business process outsourcing services. Originally founded in India, the company is headquartered in the US and serves enterprise customers spanning the financial services, healthcare, and resources industries. With most of its workforce located in India, Cognizant leverages a global delivery model that helps clients outsource their IT needs to offshore labor.

Switzerland-listed SGS is the largest and one of the oldest companies in the testing, inspection, and certification industry. The company's primary activities involve testing products and materials, inspecting sites/industrial equipment, and certifying products and systems to ensure global/company standards. SGS is one of only three TIC companies operating globally across agriculture, food, life sciences, and transportation services. SGS was first listed in 1981 and employs almost 100,000 people worldwide.

Capgemini is a French IT services company with a global presence. The firm has over 450 offices globally, with more than half of its employees based in India. Capgemini provides services related to IT consulting, software application and technology services, infrastructure management, engineering research and development, and business process outsourcing.

Wipro is a multinational IT services provider based in Bengaluru, India. The company pivoted into the IT space in the 1980s and grew into one of the largest Indian IT consulting companies during the dot-com boom. Nowadays, Wipro leverages its offshore outsourcing model to derive a significant portion of its revenue from North America and Europe.

Aramark is an American food service and facilities services company headquartered in Center City, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and listed on the New York Stock Exchange. It runs cafeterias, catering, concessions and facility management under contract for clients in education, healthcare, business, corrections, sports and leisure, including major league sports venues and most of the food served on Amtrak trains. It operates in the United States and Canada and in 14 other countries, including the United Kingdom, Germany, Chile, Ireland and Spain, and earns contract revenue for the services it provides, buying food and supplies from manufacturers and distributors such as Sysco. Aramark reported revenue of US$18.5 billion and net income of US$326 million for its 2025 fiscal year, with 278,390 employees. It was founded in 1936 by Davre and Henry Davidson as Davidson Brothers, a vending business for aviation plant workers in Southern California, became Automatic Retailers of America in 1959 and adopted the Aramark name in 1994. A group led by long-time chief executive Joseph Neubauer with CCMP Capital, Goldman Sachs, Thomas H. Lee Partners and Warburg Pincus took it private in a deal completed in 2007. In 2023 it spun off its uniform business as the listed company Vestis; John Zillmer has been chief executive since October 2019.

Bureau Veritas is a testing, inspection, and certification company. Its primary activities include testing products and materials, inspecting sites and equipment, and certifying products and systems to maintain global standards. Bureau Veritas is one of a handful of companies in the TIC sector that operate globally across numerous industries, including marine, industry, commodities, construction, and consumer products. Bureau Veritas was listed in 2007; it was previously privately owned by the Wendel Group, which retains a significant holding.

Intertek is one of the largest and oldest companies in the testing, inspection, and certification industry. Its primary activities include testing products and materials, inspecting sites/industrial equipment, and certifying products and systems to ensure compliance with global/company standards. Intertek is one of only three TIC companies operating globally across multiple industries. The firm was listed in 2002 following Charterhouse's divestment. It employs over 40,000 people worldwide.

Madison Air Solutions Corp is an HVAC and indoor air-quality technology company. Its segments are Commercial and Residential. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Commercial segment, which includes Commercial businesses that deliver well-engineered, custom, and semi-custom air quality systems to support process control, regulatory compliance, energy efficiency, and productivity in mission-critical environments; and the Residential segment, anchored by trusted brands like AprilAire, Broan-NuTone, Zephyr, and Others. Its geographic areas are the U.S, the Americas, Europe, and Other. The group generates the majority of its revenue from the U.S market.

Jack Henry is a leading provider of core processing and complementary services, such as electronic funds transfer, payment processing, and loan processing for US banks and credit unions, with a focus on small and midsize banks. Jack Henry serves almost 1,000 banks and over 700 credit unions.

Rentokil Initial is a British pest-control and hygiene services group based in southern England, listed on the London Stock Exchange (RTO) and the New York Stock Exchange and a member of the FTSE 100. It was founded in 1925 by Harold Maxwell-Lefroy as a pest-control company and grew through acquisitions, including BET plc in 1996, which added laundry and washroom services under the Initial brand. The group reported revenue of £6,908 million in 2025 and employs about 58,000 people, with operations across Europe, Australasia, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, South Africa, North America and India. Its largest transaction was the acquisition of Terminix Global Holdings, announced in December 2021 at $6.7 billion and completed on 12 October 2022, which made North America its biggest market and created a business with about 4.9 million customers. Integration of Terminix has taken longer than first planned and is now expected to finish in 2026.

Sodexo is one of the largest food service companies globally, operating in 45 countries with annual sales exceeding EUR 20 billion. Sodexo's model rests on operating on-premises catering facilities, rather than centralized industrial kitchens. Food services remain the largest business segment, contributing 66% of revenue in 2024. Sodexo has its own group purchasing organization, or GPO, Entegra, with annual purchasing of over EUR 37 billion. The company spun off its benefits and service business, Pluxee, and now focuses on food services and its second business, facilities-management services.

ISS AS is a provider of workplace and facility service solutions with a focus on cleaning, property, catering, support, security, and facility management. It has four segments: Financial services, Professional services, Technology, and Life sciences. Its core services offered to customers consist of cleaning, food, technical, and workplace services. Revenue is mainly generated in European end markets, with the majority earned in the United Kingdom.

Genpact Ltd is a provider of business process management services. Clients are industry verticals and operate in banking and financial services, insurance, capital markets, consumer product goods, life sciences, infrastructure, manufacturing and services, healthcare, and high-tech. Genpact's services include aftermarket, direct procurement, risk and compliance, human resources, IT, industrial solutions, collections, finance and accounting, and media services. Genpact's end market by revenue is India. It is a General Electric spin-off, which is still a large source of revenue for Genpact.

Elis SA provides rental-maintenance and circular service solutions to customers across the hospitality, healthcare, industrial, trade and services sectors. Its offerings include flat linen, workwear, washroom hygiene equipment, floor protection, cleanroom garments, pest-control services and other workplace well-being solutions. The company operates across Europe, Latin America and Asia.

Brookfield Business Partners LP is a business services and industrials company. It focused on operating businesses that are either low-cost producers and benefit from high barriers to entry. The company's operating segment includes Business services; Infrastructure services; Industrials and Corporate and other. It generates maximum revenue from the Business Services segment. Geographically operates in USA, Europe, Australia, Brazil, Canada, UK, Mexico and Other, majority of revenue is from UK.

Teleperformance SE provides outsourced customer experience management services, such as customer care solutions, technical support, customer acquisition services, digital solutions, analytics, visa application management, debt collection services, interpreting and translation services, and back-office services. The clients of Teleperformance's services range over various industries, from telecoms and technology firms to the public and retail sectors. The company is organized into two operating segments: Core Services & D.I.B.S (Digital Integrated Business Services) and Specialized Services. A vast majority of the company’s revenue is generated by the Core Services & D.I.B.S segment.

UniFirst Corp provides uniform and workwear programs, facility management, and safety supplies and services across North America. It designs, manufactures, rents, cleans, and sells uniforms and protective clothing, including flame-resistant and high-visibility garments. It also offers industrial wiping products, floor mats, cleaning supplies, first aid cabinets, and fire protection services such as inspection and maintenance. Serving various industries, the company provides customized uniforms and specialized cleaning for nuclear and cleanroom facilities. It operates through three segments: Uniform & Facility Service Solutions, First Aid & Safety Solutions, and Other, with the majority of revenue from Uniform & Facility Service Solutions.

L&T Technology Services Ltd is a provider of engineering and research services in connection to embedded systems and other engineering support services. The company's operating segments include Mobility, Sustainability and Tech. It derives the majority of its revenue from the Tech segment. Geographically, it derives a majority of its revenue from North America.

Alliance Laundry Holdings Inc is designer and manufacturer of commercial laundry systems, serving diverse international markets. The company offers premium, durable laundry equipment under brands like Speed Queen, UniMac, Huebsch, Primus, IPSO, and others. It serves commercial laundry needs across healthcare, hotels, laundromats, and residential markets.

Wuchan Zhongda Group Co Ltd is engaged in industrial investment, equity investment, asset management, investment management, management consulting, information consulting services. It is also engaged in car sales and leasing, e-commerce technology services, used car transactions and services.

MITIE Group PLC is a U.K.-based company. The company's reportable segments include Technical services, Business services, Central Government & Defence, Communities, and Corporate Centre. The company generates the majority of its revenue from the technical services and business services segments. Geographically, the company generates a majority of its revenue from the United Kingdom.

ABM Industries Inc is a provider of integrated facility solutions. It offers its solutions through five segments: Business and Industry, Manufacturing and Distribution, Education, Aviation and Technical solutions. The company derives the majority of its revenue from the business and industry segment, which encompasses janitorial, facilities engineering, and parking services for commercial real estate properties and sports and entertainment venues, hospitals, as well as vehicle maintenance and other services to rental car providers. The company mainly operates in the United States of America.

GPS Participacoes E Empreendimentos SA is engaged in the provision of property security services, sanitation and cleaning services, indoor logistics services, electronic security services, implementation, operation and building maintenance, maritime hotel services on oil platforms, kitchen services and meal sales, highway maintenance services, and participation in companies through the acquisition of shares or capital quotas.

Sagility Ltd is a technology-enabled company providing business process management services to its clients in the U.S. healthcare and insurance industry. It is a pure-play healthcare-focused services provider, and its clients include Payers and Providers. Its services to Payers cater to various aspects of their operations including core benefits administration functions such as claims management, enrolment, benefits plan building, premium billing, credentialing; and provides data management services and performs clinical functions such as utilization management, care management, and population health management.

Badger Infrastructure Solutions Ltd is North America's provider of non-destructive excavating and related services, with operations in both the United States and Canada. Its key technology is the Badger Hydrovac, which is used predominantly for safe excavation around critical infrastructure and in congested underground conditions. The Badger Hydrovac uses a pressurized water stream to liquefy the soil cover, which is then removed with a powerful vacuum system and deposited into a storage tank. The company manufactures and designs its truck-mounted hydrovac units into its existing and future design and manufacturing processes. It provides services to contractors and facility owners in a range of infrastructure industries, general commercial construction and industrial cleaning services.

Firstsource Solutions Ltd is engaged in the business of providing customer management services like contact centers, transaction processing, and debt collection services. The company's business segment includes Banking and Financial Services, Healthcare, Communication, Media and Technology, and Diverse Industries. It generates maximum revenue from the Banking and Financial Services segment. Geographically, it derives a majority of its revenue from the United States of America.

Insperity Inc is a company that provides a wide range of human resources and business solutions designed to help businesses improve their performance. Small and midsize enterprises are the company's primary target customers. Majority of the company's products are offered through the company's Workforce Optimization and Workforce Synchronization solutions, which comprise various human resource functions, such as payroll and employment administration, employee benefits and compensation, government compliance, performance management, training and development services, and human capital management. The company generates all of its revenue in the United States.

eClerx Services Ltd provides a variety of information technology, or IT, and knowledge and business process outsourcing services. The firm's financial services include expense management and accounting and finance, digital marketing services that include customer relationship management and business intelligence, market intelligence, financial market operations, finance and accounting, and other services. The geographical segments of the company are North America, United Kingdom, Europe, and Asia Pacific.

Concentrix Corp is a technology and services company. It designs, implements, and manages end-to-end solutions, including customer experience process optimization, technology development and design engineering, front- and back-office automation, analytics, and business transformation services. The company serves clients across multiple industry verticals, helping them manage customer engagement and operational processes throughout the customer lifecycle. The company operates in a single operating segment. It generates revenue through the provision of technology and services under contractual arrangements. Geographically, the company generates the maximum revenue from the Philippines and the rest from India, the United States, Great Britain, Germany, Canada and Other countries.

Amano Corp offers information systems, time management products, parking management services, environmental solutions, and cleaning products. The company helps clients coordinate human resources, payroll, and time recorders with software and standardized machines. It offers solutions to accurately record the data on billing and documents, and can process a wide variety of information customized for each client. Parking lots and bicycle-parking systems ensure safety while increasing the level of convenience for parking lot users. Products geared toward environmental and cleaning applications include dust and fume collectors, hazardous-gas removal systems, and floor scrubbers and cleaners. The majority of sales derive from customers located in Japan.

HAZAMA ANDO Corp is a Japanese company which is mainly engaged in construction and construction-related business. The company has three reportable segments namely Civil Engineering, Building Construction and Consolidated Subsidiaries. The Civil Engineering services include surveys, measurements, planning, designing, execution, supervising, technical guidance commissioning, and consulting work. It also provides collection, handling, and disposal of waste, and consulting work relating to such business as well as an area development, urban development, and environmental improvements. The majority of the company's revenue comes from the domestic business in Japan.

Target Hospitality Corp is a vertically integrated specialty rental and hospitality services company in the United States. The company provides vertically integrated specialty rental and comprehensive hospitality services including catering food services, maintenance, housekeeping, grounds-keeping, on-site security, overall workforce lodge management, and laundry service. Its operating segment includes HFS-South and HFS-Midwest; Government; TCPL Keystone and others. It generates a majority of its revenue from the Government segment which consists of specialty rental and vertically integrated hospitality services revenue from customers with Government contracts located in Texas.

International Gemological Institute grades and certifies diamonds, coloured stones and jewellery through laboratories in many countries. Customers are jewellery makers, retailers and consumers. It is one of the largest gem grading firms worldwide, with its Indian listed arm based in Mumbai.

Wintech Nano (Suzhou) Co Ltd is engaged in semiconductor third-party testing and analysis services.

SMS Co Ltd is a Japanese company involved in providing various services targeting information infrastructure for the aging society. The company divides its search service by the following segments: nursing care, medical care, career, healthcare/senior life, and global.

TKC Corp provides a variety of information technology, or IT, services. The firm's computer services include batch processing and printing, data storage, and download management. TKC's Internet services include Internet management, cloud computing, database management, data storage, data backup, and data security. The company's other services include software development, system device sales, systems consulting services, and general education and training services. TKC generates the majority of its sales revenue from accounting firms and local governments.

Zensar Technologies Ltd provides a range of information technology services and sells IT-related products. The company segments include Digital and Application Services (DAS) and Digital Foundation Services (DFS). It generates maximum revenue from the DAS segment. The Digital and Application Services (DAS) segment is engaged in Custom Applications Management Services that include Application Development, Maintenance, Support, Modernization, and Testing Services across a wide technology spectrum and Industry verticals. Geographically, the majority of its revenue comes from the Americas and the rest from Europe, and the rest of the world.

Open Up Group Inc provides human resource services and outsourcing or contracting services for manufacturing companies in Japan and overseas. The business segments of the company include: Mechatronics/IT field: it includes workers dispatching, contracting, consignment business such as development design engineers. Construction area segment includes construction management engineer business / CAD operator dispatch business for customers in construction industry. Manufacturing Area segment includes manufacturing site contracting and dispatch business for customers in manufacturing industry Temporary staffing, outsourcing and referral business for technology and manufacturing fields.

FESCO Group Co Ltd is engaged in the provision of human resources services, including personnel management services, compensation and welfare services, business outsourcing services, recruitment and flexible employment services and others.

BrightView Holdings Inc is a provider of commercial landscaping services in the United States. The company provides commercial landscaping services, landscape maintenance, and enhancements to tree care and landscape development. It operates through two segments namely Maintenance Services, and Development Services. The Maintenance Services are self-performed through a national branch network and are route-based in nature. It includes mowing, gardening, mulching and snow removal, water management etc. And Development Services are comprised of sophisticated design, coordination, and installation of landscapes at recognizable corporate, athletic, and university complexes. The company generates a majority of its revenue from Maintenance Services.

Perella Weinberg Partners is a global independent advisory firm founded in 2006 by Joseph Perella, Peter Weinberg and a group of senior finance professionals. The firm advises companies, boards, investors and governments on mergers and acquisitions, capital structure, restructuring, shareholder matters and strategic decisions. It launched with offices in New York and London and later expanded across major financial centres. Its revenue is derived primarily from advisory fees rather than lending, underwriting balance sheet or managing a large commercial bank. Istithmar supplied USD 100 million at launch as one of the firm’s strategic founding investors and represented roughly ten percent of the more than USD 1 billion of initial backing. The investment supported establishment of the advisory platform and its investment-management activities. Perella Weinberg later became publicly traded while retaining its independent advisory positioning.

BLS International Services Ltd is an Indian provider of technology-enabled visa, passport, consular and citizen services to governments, headquartered in New Delhi and listed in India. It has operated in the sector since 2005 and ranks among the top two companies worldwide in outsourced visa, passport and consular services. It works for more than 46 client governments across 66 countries, employs about 60,000 people including associates, runs about 50,000 offices dedicated to governments and diplomatic missions, and has processed more than 500 million applications. Its services include visa application processing, consular and attestation services, and front-end citizen services such as Aadhaar enrolment centres in India, for which it won a six-year order worth ₹2,055 crore from the Unique Identification Authority of India in August 2025. It earns service fees from applicants and government contracts. In the first quarter of fiscal 2026 revenue rose 44% to ₹711 crore and net profit to ₹181 crore. Acquisitions include the Turkish visa services provider iData in 2024, the Dubai residency and citizenship advisor Citizenship Invest in 2024, and SLW Media, a golf-focused sports management company, in 2024.

McMillan Shakespeare is a provider of salary packaging, novated leasing, disability plan management and support co-ordination, and fleet management services. It actively works to cross-sell its products to clients, for example, selling its salary packaging services to its fleet management customers in Australia and New Zealand. McMillan dominates Australia’s salary packaging market together with Smartgroup (also covered by Morningstar), and is also a large provider of novated leasing services by volumes—together with Smartgroup and SG Fleet. The group has three operating segments: group remuneration services, asset management services, and plan and support services. Most of the group’s revenue is generated from the group remuneration services segment.

transcosmos inc is a Japan-based company that provides business process outsourcing services. Offerings of the company are generally categorized into four types, namely outsourcing services, digital marketing, contact center, and e-commerce one-stop services. The outsourcing services support clients' noncore operations, including back-office operations, accounting, human resources, IT operation and maintenance, and others. The digital market services support clients' marketing activities by internet infrastructure. The contact center services help customers deal with customer inquiries and complaints. The e-commerce one-stop services cover e-commerce sit construction, customer care, Internet promotion and analytics.

Beyondsoft Corp is an information technology services company based in China. The company provides information technology services, including cloud, big data and analytics, business process management, custom software solutions, test automation, digital enablement, and other software services.