International Gemological Valuation Multiples

Thermo Fisher Scientific sells scientific instruments and laboratory equipment, diagnostics consumables, and life science reagents. The firm operates through four segments as of year-end 2025 (revenue figures include some cross-segment revenue): analytical technologies (17% of sales); specialty diagnostic products (11%); life science solutions (23%); and lab products and services, which includes CRO services (the remainder).

In 1984, Danaher's founders transformed a real estate organization into an industrial-focused manufacturing company. Then, through a series of mergers, acquisitions, and divestitures, Danaher now focuses primarily on manufacturing scientific instruments and consumables in the life sciences and diagnostic industries after the late 2023 divestiture of its environmental and applied solutions group, Veralto.

Wuxi AppTec Co Ltd provides a portfolio of research and manufacturing services throughout the discovery, development, and manufacturing spectrum for small molecule drugs, development of computer software and databases as well as consulting services for combinatorial chemistry and pharmaceuticals. The services offered by the company include drug research and development testing, clinical research services, an end-to-end CRDMO platform for peptide, oligonucleotide, and small molecules, and integrated biology services and solutions for drug discovery. The company's reportable segments are WuXi Chemistry, which derives maximum revenue, WuXi Testing, WuXi Biology, and Others. Geographically, it derives key revenue from the United States of America, followed by China, Europe, and other regions.

Originally spun out of Hewlett-Packard in 1999, Agilent has evolved into a leading life science and diagnostic firm. Today, Agilent's measurement technologies serve a broad base of customers with its three operating segments: life science and diagnostics, cross lab operations consisting of consumables and services, and applied end markets. Over half of its sales are generated from the biopharmaceutical, chemical, and advanced materials end markets, which we view as the stickiest end markets, but it also supports clinical lab, environmental, forensics, food, academic, and government-related organizations. The company is geographically diverse, with operations in the US and China representing the largest country concentrations.

Water sells liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and thermal analysis tools. These analytical instruments provide essential information on various products, such as their molecular structures and physical properties, to help clients enhance the health and well-being of end users. As a percentage of sales in 2024, Waters generated 58% from biopharmaceutical customers, 31% from industrial clients, and 11% from academic/government institutions. In early 2026, Waters plans to merge with BD's life science and diagnostics business, which will substantially change those concentrations. Waters will wind up with more concentration in diagnostics (versus none now) and discovery-related life science tools.

Idexx Laboratories primarily develops, manufactures, and distributes diagnostic products, equipment, and services for pets and livestock. Its key product lines include single-use canine and feline test kits that veterinarians can employ in the office, benchtop chemistry and hematology analyzers for test-panel analysis on-site, reference lab services, and tests to detect and manage disease in livestock. The firm also offers vet practice management software and consulting services to animal hospitals. Idexx derives roughly 35% of its revenue from outside the United States.

Mettler-Toledo supplies weighing and precision instruments to customers in the life sciences (around 55% of sales), industrial (around 40%), and food retail (around 5%) industries. Its products include laboratory and retail scales, pipettes, pH meters, thermal analysis equipment, titrators, metal detectors, and X-ray analyzers. Mettler leads the market for weighing instrumentation and controls more than 50% of the market for lab balances. The business is geographically diversified, with the Americas accounting for about 37% of sales, Europe about 27%, China about 16% and the rest of the world about 20%.

Quest Diagnostics is a leading independent provider of diagnostic testing, information, and services in the US. The company generates over 95% of its revenue through clinical testing, anatomic pathology, esoteric testing, and substance abuse testing with specimens collected at its national network of roughly 2,300 patient service centers, as well as multiple doctors offices and hospitals. The firm also runs a much smaller diagnostic solutions segment that provides clinical trials testing, risk-assessment services, and information technology solutions.

Labcorp is one of the nation's two largest independent clinical laboratories, with roughly 20% of the independent lab market. The company operates approximately 2,000 patient-service centers, offering a broad range of 5,000 clinical lab tests, ranging from uncomplicated routine blood and urine screens to complex oncology and genomic testing.

Sartorius Stedim Biotech is a leading provider of bioprocessing solutions. Its sells equipment and consumables for fermentation, filtration, fluid management, purification, and cell culture media for manufacturing biologic drugs and has a focus on single-use technology. It is a subsidiary of Sartorius AG, which has 71.5% ownership and 83% voting control. The business is geographically diverse, with 35% of sales from the Americas, 42% from Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, 15% from Asia excluding China, and 8% from China.

Revvity is a global life sciences and diagnostics company formed in 2023 following the rebranding of PerkinElmer. The company operates in two segments: life sciences, which provides reagents and instruments for biopharma and academic research, and signals software, and diagnostics, which offers tools in immunodiagnostics and newborn and reproductive health. Revvity’s products and services are sold worldwide, with major markets in the US, Europe, and China.

Charles River Laboratories was founded in 1947 and is a leading provider of drug discovery and development services. The company’s research model & services segment is the leading provider of animal models for laboratory testing, which breeds and delivers animal research models with specific genetic characteristics for preclinical studies around the world. The discovery & safety assessment segment includes services required to take a drug through the early development process, including discovery services. The manufacturing support segment includes microbial solutions, which provide in vitro (nonanimal) testing products, biologics testing services, and avian vaccine services.

Eurofins, headquartered in Luxembourg, is a decentralized network of life sciences companies that provide various analytical tests and laboratory services. These include tests to evaluate the safety, identity, composition, authenticity, purity, origin, and traceability of various biological substances and products. Eurofins operates over 950 laboratories in 61 countries. Its revenue from Europe, North America, and the rest of the world contributes approximately 50%, 40%, and 10% of total revenue, respectively. Its areas of business activity are food, feed, and environmental testing ("life"), biopharmaceutical services, diagnostic services and products, and consumer and technology products testing, which contribute approximately 40%, 30%, 20%, and 10% respectively.

Aramark is an American food service and facilities services company headquartered in Center City, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and listed on the New York Stock Exchange. It runs cafeterias, catering, concessions and facility management under contract for clients in education, healthcare, business, corrections, sports and leisure, including major league sports venues and most of the food served on Amtrak trains. It operates in the United States and Canada and in 14 other countries, including the United Kingdom, Germany, Chile, Ireland and Spain, and earns contract revenue for the services it provides, buying food and supplies from manufacturers and distributors such as Sysco. Aramark reported revenue of US$18.5 billion and net income of US$326 million for its 2025 fiscal year, with 278,390 employees. It was founded in 1936 by Davre and Henry Davidson as Davidson Brothers, a vending business for aviation plant workers in Southern California, became Automatic Retailers of America in 1959 and adopted the Aramark name in 1994. A group led by long-time chief executive Joseph Neubauer with CCMP Capital, Goldman Sachs, Thomas H. Lee Partners and Warburg Pincus took it private in a deal completed in 2007. In 2023 it spun off its uniform business as the listed company Vestis; John Zillmer has been chief executive since October 2019.

Avantor Inc provides products and services to customers in the biopharma, healthcare, education & government, and advanced technologies & applied materials industries. The company operates through two segments: Laboratory Solutions and Bioscience Production. It offers materials & consumables, equipment & instrumentation, and services & specialty procurement. Product groups include Equipment & Instrumentation, Services & Specialty Procurement, Proprietary Materials & Consumables, and Third-Party Materials & Consumables. Materials & consumables include high-purity chemicals and reagents, lab supplies, customized excipients, single-use assemblies, chromatography products, sample preparation kits, and fluid handling solutions. It operates in the Americas, Europe, and AMEA.

Madison Air Solutions Corp is an HVAC and indoor air-quality technology company. Its segments are Commercial and Residential. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Commercial segment, which includes Commercial businesses that deliver well-engineered, custom, and semi-custom air quality systems to support process control, regulatory compliance, energy efficiency, and productivity in mission-critical environments; and the Residential segment, anchored by trusted brands like AprilAire, Broan-NuTone, Zephyr, and Others. Its geographic areas are the U.S, the Americas, Europe, and Other. The group generates the majority of its revenue from the U.S market.

BioMérieux designs, develops, and manufactures a broad portfolio of in vitro diagnostics for detecting disease-causing pathogens and contamination. The company operates in four segments: molecular biology (42% of 2024 sales), microbiology (33%), immunoassays (10%), and industrial applications (about 15%). The Americas account for the largest portion of the firm's revenue (40%), followed by Asia-Pacific (27%) and Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (27%). BioMérieux is headquartered in Marcy-l'Étoile, France.

Repligen, headquartered in Waltham, Massachusetts, is a global life sciences company that develops and sells bioprocessing equipment and supplies used in the manufacturing of biologic drugs, including monoclonal antibodies, recombinant proteins, vaccines, and cell and gene therapies. Its customers include biopharmaceutical companies, contract development and manufacturing organizations, or CDMOs, and other life science companies. It sells four main product categories: filtration (including fluid management) is the largest category (about 55% of total revenue), while chromatography, proteins, and process analytics are 21%, 11%, and 13%, respectively. Customers in North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific contribute about 44%, 37%, and 19% of revenue, respectively.

Based in Minnesota, Bio-Techne is a life sciences manufacturer supplying consumables and instruments for the pharma, biotech, academic, and diagnostic markets. It reports in two segments: protein sciences (about 75% of revenue) and diagnostics and genomics (25%). The protein sciences segment sells reagents and analytical instruments used in life sciences research, including antibodies used in protein analysis. The diagnostics and genomics segment sells diagnostic reagents, molecular diagnostics, and spatial biology products. The United States accounts for about 55% of revenue. The firm also has operations in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (20% of sales), the UK (5%), and Asia-Pacific (15%), with the rest of the world accounting for the remaining 5%.

Rentokil Initial is a British pest-control and hygiene services group based in southern England, listed on the London Stock Exchange (RTO) and the New York Stock Exchange and a member of the FTSE 100. It was founded in 1925 by Harold Maxwell-Lefroy as a pest-control company and grew through acquisitions, including BET plc in 1996, which added laundry and washroom services under the Initial brand. The group reported revenue of £6,908 million in 2025 and employs about 58,000 people, with operations across Europe, Australasia, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, South Africa, North America and India. Its largest transaction was the acquisition of Terminix Global Holdings, announced in December 2021 at $6.7 billion and completed on 12 October 2022, which made North America its biggest market and created a business with about 4.9 million customers. Integration of Terminix has taken longer than first planned and is now expected to finish in 2026.

Qiagen offers proprietary sample and assay technology to extract, purify, amplify, and interpret DNA, RNA, and proteins. The company's sales are split almost evenly between applications in life sciences and molecular diagnostics. Qiagen generates nearly 90% of its revenue from consumables with the balance coming from instrumentation and related services. The Americas account for the largest portion of the firm's revenue (52% of 2024 sales), followed by EMEA (33%), and the Asia-Pacific (15%).

Genscript Biotech Corp is a China-based provider of life science research services and products. The firm is known for its gene synthesis capabilities, a widely used service by academics, biotech companies, and pharmaceutical companies around the world. The company's business segments include Life-science services and products, Biologics development services, Industrial synthetic biology products, and the Operation unit. The company generates the majority of its revenue from the life-science services and products unit, which provides comprehensive research services and products, which are widely used and are fundamental to life-science research and application. Geographically, the company generates the majority of its revenue from the United States of America, followed by Mainland China.

Pharmaron Beijing Co Ltd is a research and development service company supporting the life science industry. The company offers drug research and development service capabilities, ranging from synthetic, medicinal, and analytical chemistry, biology, DMPK, pharmacology, drug safety assessment, radiochemistry, and isotopically labelled metabolism, chemical and pharmaceutical development to clinical development. The company's operating segment includes Laboratory services; CMC (small molecule CDMO) services, Clinical development services, and biologics and CGT services. It generates maximum revenue from the Laboratory services segment.

Sodexo is one of the largest food service companies globally, operating in 45 countries with annual sales exceeding EUR 20 billion. Sodexo's model rests on operating on-premises catering facilities, rather than centralized industrial kitchens. Food services remain the largest business segment, contributing 66% of revenue in 2024. Sodexo has its own group purchasing organization, or GPO, Entegra, with annual purchasing of over EUR 37 billion. The company spun off its benefits and service business, Pluxee, and now focuses on food services and its second business, facilities-management services.

Bangkok Dusit Medical Services PCL operates a network of hospitals throughout Thailand under the Bangkok Hospital, Phyathai Hospital, Samitivej Hospital, Paolo Hospital, BNH Hospital, and Royal International Hospital brands. The company has two business segments namely, hospital operations and other businesses that support hospital business such as medical laboratories, production and distribution of pharmaceutical products/medical equipment/saline, pharmacies, assets management for healthcare business, accounting services, technology and information services, training business and insurance broker. The company's hospital operations generate the vast majority of its revenue.

Max Healthcare Institute Ltd is a health care service provider. The company's facilities include third-party healthcare providers with whom the company has entered long-term service contracts for providing clinical, radiology, and pathology services. Its hospitals provide the full range of services through its Outpatient, Day Care, Emergency Room, and In-Patient departments to accommodate medical specialties such as orthopedics, internal medicine, general surgery, cardiac sciences, oncology, neurosciences, and obstetrics, as well as diagnostics. The group derives revenue from India.

Founded in the 1880s and listed on the ASX in 1952, ALS operates two divisions: commodities and life sciences. ALS commodities traditionally generated the majority of underlying earnings, providing geochemistry, metallurgy, inspection, and mine site services for the global mining industry. Expansion into environmental, pharmaceutical, and food testing areas has lessened earnings exposure to commodities.

ISS AS is a provider of workplace and facility service solutions with a focus on cleaning, property, catering, support, security, and facility management. It has four segments: Financial services, Professional services, Technology, and Life sciences. Its core services offered to customers consist of cleaning, food, technical, and workplace services. Revenue is mainly generated in European end markets, with the majority earned in the United Kingdom.

Sonic Healthcare is an Australian medical diagnostics company that provides pathology and clinical laboratory services, diagnostic imaging and primary care medical services. It was listed on the Australian Securities Exchange in 1987 and has grown largely through acquisitions in Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany, Switzerland and Belgium. The group reported revenue of A$9.6 billion and a net profit of A$514 million for the year to June 2025 and employs more than 45,000 people. It describes itself as the third largest provider of pathology and clinical laboratory services in the world and the largest private laboratory operator in Australia, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. It is also the second largest participant in Australian diagnostic imaging, and its Sonic Clinical Services division runs medical centres, skin cancer clinics and occupational health services in Australia. Revenue comes from fees for tests and scans paid by patients, Medicare and other public and private payers, and from hospital and NHS laboratory outsourcing contracts. The company is headquartered in Sydney and operates through a decentralised structure built around what it calls Medical Leadership.

Hangzhou Tigermed Consulting Co Ltd is a China-based Contract Research Organization. The company's offered services include bioanalytical, medical writing, biostatistical analysis, and medical imaging. The therapeutic areas of the company include Infections, Hematology, Cardiovascular, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, Nephrology, and Central Nervous System (CNS) among others.

Shenzhen New Industries Biomedical Engineering Co Ltd is researching, developing, producing, and selling a series of fully automatic chemiluminescence immunoassay instruments and supporting reagents.

Elis SA provides rental-maintenance and circular service solutions to customers across the hospitality, healthcare, industrial, trade and services sectors. Its offerings include flat linen, workwear, washroom hygiene equipment, floor protection, cleanroom garments, pest-control services and other workplace well-being solutions. The company operates across Europe, Latin America and Asia.

Fortis Healthcare Ltd provides integrated healthcare delivery services in India. The company manages healthcare centers including hospitals, diagnostics, and day care specialty facilities. The company's key specialty in its hospital business is cardiac sciences. It is predominantly engaged in the business of healthcare services which is the only reportable segment. The company's key hospitals include Fortis Escorts Heart Institute in Dehli, Fortis Mulund in Mumbai, and Fortis Hospital in Bengaluru. The majority of the company's revenue is derived from India.

Brookfield Business Partners LP is a business services and industrials company. It focused on operating businesses that are either low-cost producers and benefit from high barriers to entry. The company's operating segment includes Business services; Infrastructure services; Industrials and Corporate and other. It generates maximum revenue from the Business Services segment. Geographically operates in USA, Europe, Australia, Brazil, Canada, UK, Mexico and Other, majority of revenue is from UK.

Sotera Health Co provides sterilization, analytical lab testing, and advisory services to help ensure that medical, pharmaceutical, and food products are safe for healthcare practitioners, patients, and consumers. The company operates in three reportable segments: Sterigenics, Nordion, and Nelson Labs. The Sterigenics segment, which generates maximum revenue, provides outsourced terminal sterilization and irradiation services for medical devices, pharmaceuticals, food safety, and other application markets using three core technologies: gamma irradiation, EO processing, and E-beam irradiation. Geographically, the company generates maximum revenue from the United States, followed by Canada, Europe, and other regions.

UniFirst Corp provides uniform and workwear programs, facility management, and safety supplies and services across North America. It designs, manufactures, rents, cleans, and sells uniforms and protective clothing, including flame-resistant and high-visibility garments. It also offers industrial wiping products, floor mats, cleaning supplies, first aid cabinets, and fire protection services such as inspection and maintenance. Serving various industries, the company provides customized uniforms and specialized cleaning for nuclear and cleanroom facilities. It operates through three segments: Uniform & Facility Service Solutions, First Aid & Safety Solutions, and Other, with the majority of revenue from Uniform & Facility Service Solutions.

Diasorin is an Italian in vitro diagnostics company headquartered in Saluggia that develops, makes and sells reagent kits for immunodiagnostics and molecular diagnostics. Since July 2021 it has also been active in life science through the Luminex business. Its production sites are in Italy, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States, and after the Luminex deal it added plants in North America. Its shares are listed on Euronext Milan and it sells in five continents. It entered molecular diagnostics in 2016 by buying the Focus Diagnostics product business from Quest Diagnostics. It bought Luminex in 2021 for about USD 1.8 billion.

Alliance Laundry Holdings Inc is designer and manufacturer of commercial laundry systems, serving diverse international markets. The company offers premium, durable laundry equipment under brands like Speed Queen, UniMac, Huebsch, Primus, IPSO, and others. It serves commercial laundry needs across healthcare, hotels, laundromats, and residential markets.

MGI Tech Co Ltd is a producer of clinical high-throughput gene sequencers, and its multi-omics platforms include genetic sequencing, medical imaging, and laboratory automation. It provides real-time, panoramic, and full-life-cycle equipment and systems for precision medicine, precision agriculture, precision healthcare, and other relevant industries.

Wuchan Zhongda Group Co Ltd is engaged in industrial investment, equity investment, asset management, investment management, management consulting, information consulting services. It is also engaged in car sales and leasing, e-commerce technology services, used car transactions and services.

Tecan Group AG sells automated laboratory instruments and solutions for the diagnostics and life sciences research markets. The firm operates in two segments; The Life Sciences Business (end-customer business) segment supplies end users with automated workflow solutions directly. These solutions include laboratory instruments, software packages, application know-how, services, consumables, and spare parts, The partnering Business (OEM business) segment develops and manufactures OEM instruments and components that are distributed by partner companies under their names. A majority proportion of Tecan's revenue is generated in the Americas and Europe.

MITIE Group PLC is a U.K.-based company. The company's reportable segments include Technical services, Business services, Central Government & Defence, Communities, and Corporate Centre. The company generates the majority of its revenue from the technical services and business services segments. Geographically, the company generates a majority of its revenue from the United Kingdom.

Dr. Lal PathLabs Ltd is a pathology lab based in India. It is involved in providing diagnostic services and other healthcare tests in the areas of pathology and radiology. The company operates laboratories for carrying out pathological diagnostic services in various branches of biochemistry, hematology, histopathology, microbiology, electrophoresis, immunochemistry, immunology, virology, cytology, and other pathological and radiological investigations. Its diagnostic services assist in preventing, monitoring, and treating diseases and improving health conditions. The company has business operations in India and other countries, of which maximum revenue is generated within India.

ABM Industries Inc is a provider of integrated facility solutions. It offers its solutions through five segments: Business and Industry, Manufacturing and Distribution, Education, Aviation and Technical solutions. The company derives the majority of its revenue from the business and industry segment, which encompasses janitorial, facilities engineering, and parking services for commercial real estate properties and sports and entertainment venues, hospitals, as well as vehicle maintenance and other services to rental car providers. The company mainly operates in the United States of America.

Fleury SA is engaged in the provision of medical services in the diagnostic, treatment, clinical analysis, health management, medical care, orthopedics and ophthalmology areas and offers its digital healthcare platform. The company carries out its activities through customer service units and hospital-based units. Furthermore, the company has a mobile service operation with coverage in municipalities in addition to a digital platform. It has two reportable business segments: Diagnostic Medicine and Integrated Medicine. The maximum revenue is generated from Diagnostic Medicine Segment.

Neogen Corporation, headquartered in Lansing, Michigan, develops, manufactures, and markets various products for food and animal safety. In food safety, the company performs diagnostics to detect unintended substances in food and animal feed, to prevent contamination and foodborne illnesses such as foodborne pathogens, spoilage organisms, natural toxins, food allergens, and ruminant by-products. In animal safety, the company segment is engaged in the development, manufacture, marketing and distribution of veterinary instruments, pharmaceuticals, vaccines, topicals, parasiticides, diagnostic products, rodent control products, cleaners, disinfectants, insect control products and genomics testing services.

BGI Genomics Co Ltd is a China-based company principally engaged in the provision of genomic class diagnosis and research services through the application of biotechnology. It offers its services in various research areas, such as agriculture and food science, cancer research, metagenomics, reproductive health, biomarker discovery, and drug discovery. The company mainly provides services for domestic and overseas academic institutions hospitals, medical institutions and others.

GPS Participacoes E Empreendimentos SA is engaged in the provision of property security services, sanitation and cleaning services, indoor logistics services, electronic security services, implementation, operation and building maintenance, maritime hotel services on oil platforms, kitchen services and meal sales, highway maintenance services, and participation in companies through the acquisition of shares or capital quotas.