United States Lime & Minerals Valuation Multiples

Trane Technologies manufactures and services commercial and residential HVAC systems and transportation refrigeration solutions under its prominent Trane, American Standard, and Thermo King brands. The company generates approximately 70% of sales from equipment and 30% from parts and services. While the firm is domiciled in Ireland, North America accounts for approximately 80% of its revenue, with 13% from EMEA and 7% Asia-Pacific. The company was formed in 2020 when its former parent, Ingersoll Rand, merged with Gardner Denver in a tax-advantaged reverse Morris trust transaction.

Following Johnson Controls’ divestiture of its residential and light commercial HVAC businesses to Bosch in 2025, nearly all of its revenue comes from commercial HVAC (60%) and fire and security products and services (40%). A 2016 merger joined Johnson Controls’ HVAC and Tyco’s fire and security businesses with the premise that there is synergy in offering a broader variety of automation products and solutions to commercial buildings. We estimate Johnson Controls’ pro forma revenue mix will be one-third products, one-third installation, and one-third services.

CRH is a global manufacturer of a range of building products used in construction projects, operating via a vertically integrated business model. The past decade has seen CRH transform into a leading building materials business, with increasing exposure to upstream building activities such as aggregates and cement. CRH’s geographic footprint is mostly across developed markets. North America is CRH’s largest market and accounts for 75% of EBITDA. The company is the largest producer of aggregates and asphalt in the US.

Carrier Global, spun out of United Technologies in 2020, manufactures and services commercial and residential HVAC systems and transportation refrigeration solutions under its flagship Carrier brand, as well as Bryant, Payne, Heil, and others across various price points. In 2024, Carrier acquired Viessmann Climate Solutions to expand its footprint in Europe with heat pumps, boilers, and solar PV equipment. Proceeds from the sale of Carrier’s fire and security (Honeywell) and commercial refrigeration (Haier) businesses reduced debt and focused the company on global HVAC and refrigeration solutions. Carrier generates 75% of sales from equipment and 25% from parts and services. The company derives 50% of revenue from the US, 30% from Europe, and 20% from the Asia-Pacific region.

Holcim is a global manufacturer of a wide range of building materials. The merger between Lafarge and Holcim in 2015 created a leader in the building materials sector. Recent portfolio management diversified the group's exposure to heavy building materials. In 2025, Holcim spun out its North America business. Holcim, in its current form, generates 63% of its revenue from building materials such as cement and aggregates. Approximately 54% of group revenue is generated in Europe.

Compagnie Saint-Gobain is a manufacturer of building materials that are mostly supplied to the construction industry. The company offers a vast range of products including glass, roofing, insulation, and a distribution business. Saint-Gobain has a well-documented history stretching back to the 17th century, with traces of its products visible across France's most prominent landmarks. Approximately two thirds of sales are generated in Europe, with France contributing 25% of group sales.

Vulcan Materials is the United States' largest producer of construction aggregates (crushed stone, sand, and gravel). Its largest markets include Texas, California, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, North Carolina, and Alabama. In 2024, Vulcan sold 219.9 million tons of aggregates, 13.6 million tons of asphalt mix, and 3.6 million cubic yards of ready-mix. As of Dec. 31, 2024, the company had 16.5 billion tons of aggregate reserves.

Heidelberg Materials is one of the world’s largest building materials companies, with operations in 60 countries. Its core activities include the production of cement and aggregates, which are used to construct houses, infrastructure, and commercial facilities. The sale of cement and aggregates accounts for the majority of group revenue and profits. Europe is the company’s largest market contributing nearly half of group sales. Heidelberg Materials is listed in Germany and has 55,000 employees.

Martin Marietta Materials is one of the United States' largest producer of construction aggregates (crushed stone, sand, and gravel). In 2024, Martin Marietta sold 191 million tons of aggregates. Martin Marietta's most important markets include Texas, North Carolina, Colorado, California, and Georgia, accounting for most of its sales. The company also uses its aggregates in its asphalt and ready-mixed concrete businesses. Martin’s magnesia specialties business produces magnesia-based chemical products and dolomitic lime.

UltraTech Cement Ltd produces and sells cement and cement-related products. The company generates the vast majority of its revenue in India. The company's product portfolio includes Ordinary Portland cement, Portland blast-furnace slag cement, and Portland Pozzolana cement. Ordinary Portland cement is used for a wide range of applications including concrete products, masonry, and plastering. The firm's customers are in the building and construction industries. Geographically, it operates in India as well as in other countries, of which India derives key revenue.

Amrize is a building solutions company focused exclusively on the North American market. Amrize earns revenue from the sale of cement, aggregates, ready-mix concrete, asphalt, roofing systems, and other building solutions. The company is organized into two reportable segments: building materials and building envelope. The building materials business consists of Amrize’s cement, aggregates, ready-mix concrete, and asphalt operations. The building envelope segment offers advanced roofing and wall systems, including single-ply membranes, insulation, shingles, sheathing, waterproofing, and protective coatings, along with adhesives, tapes, and sealants.

Grasim Industries Ltd is a cement and viscose staple fibre (VSF) manufacturing firm based in India. The activities of the group fall under the operating segments of Cellulosic Fibres, Chemicals, Building materials, Financial Services, and Others. It derives key revenue from the Building materials segment which covers products like grey cement, paints, white cement, and allied products. Geographically, the company derives a majority of its revenue from the domestic market and the rest from other countries through exports.

Cemex SAB de CV is a ready-mix concrete company that mainly engaged in activities that are oriented to the construction industry, mainly through the production, marketing, sale, and distribution of cement, ready-mix concrete, aggregates, urbanization solutions, and other construction materials and also provide related services and reliable construction-related services to customers and communities and maintain business relationships in more than 60 countries throughout the world. The company operates in different parts of the world, with operations in Mexico, the United States, the EMEA region and the SCA&C region.

Lennox International manufacturers and distributes heating, ventilating, air conditioning, and refrigeration products for the North American replacement (75% of sales) and new construction (25% of sales) markets. Residential HVAC (home comfort solutions) accounted for 67% of sales and commercial HVAC (building climate solutions) accounted for the remaining 33% of sales. To be clear, Lennox’s commercial exposure is what its peers refer to as “residential and light commercial,” lacks the scale and complexity of what is referred to as an “applied” solution. The company goes to market with multiple brands, but Lennox is the company’s flagship HVAC brand.

Kingspan is a global leader in high-performance insulation and building envelope solutions. It's been a serial acquirer of insulation companies since the 1980s and boasts a well-known brand that resonates with risk-averse project specifiers. In recent years, it has focused on expanding its product scope beyond insulation and now offers a comprehensive suite of products and solutions for the broader building envelope. Today, its insulated building envelopes segment generates 82% of group sales, while the rest comes from Advnsys. Kingspan has more than 270 manufacturing sites spread across 80 countries. It has leading positions in Europe (71% of sales) and North America (22%), and it is highly exposed to new-build (75%) and nonresidential construction (75%).

Pidilite Industries Ltd manufactures and sells paints, adhesives, and sealants in two segments based on the customer: The Branded Consumer & Bazaar segment, which generates the majority of revenue, sells adhesives and sealants, construction and paint chemicals, art and craft materials, and others. These products are widely used by carpenters, painters, plumbers, mechanics, households, students, offices, etc. The Business to Business segment sells industrial products such as industrial adhesives, resins, and organic pigments and preparations, etc., and caters to various industries like packaging, joineries, textiles, paints, printing inks, paper, leather, etc. Pidilite Industries sells its products through dealers and distribution networks. The vast majority of its revenue comes from India.

Dangote Cement PLC is a cement manufacturer. It manufactures and markets cement and related products through its 'Dangote' brand. The principal activity of the Company and its subsidiaries is to operate plants for the preparation, manufacture and distribution of cement and related products. The Company’s production activities are undertaken at Obajana town in Kogi State, Gboko in Benue State and Ibese in Ogun State; all in Nigeria. Its geographical segment includes Nigeria and Pan Africa. The company derives a majority of revenue from Nigeria segment.

Anhui Conch Cement mainly engages in the production and sale of cement, clinker, and concrete in China. The company was established in 1997 and headquartered in Anhui province. With annual cement production capacity of over 400 million metric tons in 2024, the firm is the second-largest cement manufacturer in China. Sales of self-produced products contribute to about 80% of its revenue, with the remainder mainly from the trading business and service income.

Masco manufactures a variety of home improvement and building products. The company’s $5 billion plumbing segment, led by the Delta and Hansgrohe brands, sells faucets, showerheads, and other related plumbing fixtures and components. The roughly $2.5 billion decorative architectural segment primarily sells paints and other coatings under the Behr and Kilz brands, but it also sells builder hardware products.

Belimo Holding AG is engaged in the development, production, and sales of field devices for the energy-efficient control of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system. The focus of the core business is on damper actuators, control valves, sensors, and meters, such as fire damper actuators, valve actuators, globe valves, throttle valves, duct sensors (air), and outdoor sensors (air), among others. The company, along with its subsidiaries, has four reportable operating segments: EMEA, Americas, Asia Pacific, and Shared Services. Maximum revenue for the company is generated from the Americas.

James Hardie is a manufacturer of fiber cement-based building products, selling primarily to the residential construction industry. North America is the primary geography, generating about 80% of group earnings. Here, it is the largest manufacturer of fiber cement, which is mainly used for exterior siding on houses. Following the Azek acquisition in 2025, it also produces wooden composite decking materials, siding trims, and accessories for outdoor areas including stair and deck railing. Businesses in Australia, New Zealand, and Europe, make up the rest of earnings.

Posco Future M is in the business of coal chemistry and carbon materials. Its key business includes refractory manufacture and sale, furnace construction and maintenance, lime business, environmental business, comprehensive chemicals, carbon materials, and secondary battery anode materials, among others. The group operates in two segments: Basic Materials Division, which includes Refractory Business, Lime Mars Business, and Energy Materials Division, which includes the manufacture and sale of cathode and cathode materials. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Energy Materials Division.

SPX Technologies Inc supplies engineered heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, or HVAC, products, as well as detection and measurement technologies and power equipment. The company through two reportable segments. The HVAC segment which generates the majority of the revenue for the company, designs, manufactures, installs, and services cooling products, as well as heating and ventilation products. The Detection and Measurement technologies segment designs, manufactures, and installs underground pipe and cable locators and inspection equipment, bus-fare collection systems, and others. Geographically, the company has its operations in the United States, Canada, China, the United Kingdom, and Others. It derives maximum revenue from United States.

AAON Inc is a manufacturer of air-conditioning and heating equipment. The products include rooftop units, chillers, packaged outdoor mechanical rooms, air-handling units, makeup air units, energy-recovery units, condensing units, geothermal heat pumps, and self-contained units and coils. The company operates through three segments: AAON Oklahoma, AAON Coil Products, and BASX. It generates the majority of its revenue from the AAON Oklahoma segment which engineers, manufactures, and sells, semi-custom, and custom HVAC systems, designs and manufactures control solutions, and sells retail parts to customers through retail part stores and online.

Ambuja Cements Ltd manufactures and sells cement, concrete, and cement-related products to the building and construction industries. The company's portfolio of products includes Portland Pozolona cement and ordinary Portland cement. The vast majority of the firm's revenue is generated in India. Ambuja Cements has operations throughout India and uses a network of ports, bulk cement terminals, captive ships, and railroads to transport its products to both warehouses and directly to customers. The company also has a technical services team that partners with customers to teach concrete mixing and curing techniques.

BlueScope is an Australia-based steelmaker with five business units. The Australian steel products segment mainly specializes in branded coated and painted flat steel products, sold domestically. North Star is the group’s US minimill, specializing in the production of hot rolled coil for US construction and automotive sectors. Building products Asia operates across Southeast Asia, China, and India, and the US building and coated products North America is involved in metal coating and painting, and the supply to nonresidential construction projects using BlueScope’s materials. New Zealand steel and the Pacific Islands business produces flat and long steel products for New Zealand and building components for the Pacific Islands.

Advanced Drainage Systems Inc is the manufacturer of water management solutions in the stormwater and onsite septic wastewater industries, providing superior drainage solutions for use in the construction and agriculture marketplaces. Its products are used across a broad range of end markets and applications, including residential, non-residential, infrastructure and agriculture applications. It operates business in three distinct reportable segments: Pipe; International, and Infiltrator. It generates a greater proportion of revenue from its Pipe segment, which consists of Pipe product sales in the United States. The Infiltrator is a provider of plastic leachfield chambers and systems, septic tanks and accessories, for use in residential applications.

Owens-Corning Inc is a building products company that offers roofing products and systems, insulation products (hermal and acoustical batts, loose fill insulation, spray foam insulation, wet use chopped strand, etc.), and doors and door systems. The company's reportable segments are: Roofing, Insulation, and Doors. Maximum revenue is generated from the Roofing segment, which manufactures and sells residential roofing shingles, oxidized asphalt materials, roofing components, and composite lumber mainly used in residential construction. This segment also manufactures and sells glass mat and specialty veil materials used in building and construction applications. Geographically, the company generates maximum revenue from the United States, followed by Europe, Asia-Pacific, and other markets.

BUA Cement PLC is engaged in the manufacturing and sale of cement to the general public. The company generates revenue from the sale of bagged cement and sale of bulk cement. Geographically the company generates the majority of its revenue in Nigeria.

Shree Cement Ltd manufactures and sells cement and cement-related products to the building and construction industries. It derives revenue from cement, clinker, and power sales, of which cement products contribute majorly to the revenue. The cement products are offered under the brands Shree Jung Rodhak and Bangur. Geographically, the company's majority of the revenue is generated within India.

Buzzi SpA manufactures, distribute and sell cement, ready-mix concrete and aggregates. The company has geographical segments: Italy; Central Europe; Eastern Europe; and United States of America. It derives maximum revenue from United States of America.

Builders FirstSource Inc is a manufacturer and supplier of building materials. The company offers structural and related building products such as factory-built roof and floor trusses, wall panels and stairs, vinyl windows, custom millwork and trim, and engineered wood. The products can be designed for each home individually and are installed by Builders FirstSource. The company's construction-related services include professional installation, turn-key framing, and shell construction. Builders FirstSource's customers range from large production builders to small custom homebuilders.

NIBE Industrier AB manufactures and sells energy-efficient products for industrial and consumer use. The firm is organized into three segments by product type. The climate solutions segment, which generates the majority of revenue, sells HVAC systems and hot water heaters to homes, apartment buildings, and other large properties. The elements segment sells components and elements to multiple industries, including appliance manufacturers, home remodelers, energy, and automotive. The stoves segment sells energy-efficient stoves and chimney systems to residential and commercial customers. The vast majority of revenue comes from Europe.

Eagle Materials Inc produces and sells construction products and building materials. Construction products include cement, slag, concrete, and aggregates and building materials include cement and gypsum wallboard, and are sold to the construction and building industries. The firm organizes itself into two sectors: Heavy Materials, which includes the Cement and Concrete and Aggregates segments, and Light Materials, which includes the Gypsum Wallboard and Recycled Paperboard segments.

Rockwool AS manufactures and sells building materials, including insulation and roofing systems. The company organizes itself into two segments based on the product: Insulation and Systems. The Insulation segment, sells building, industrial, and technical insulation and external thermal insulation wall systems to the construction industry. The Systems business sells acoustic ceilings and wall systems, external cladding systems, horticultural substrate solutions, engineered fiber solutions, and noise and vibration control to the construction and automotive industries. The majority of revenue is from the Insulation Segment. The majority of sales come from Europe.

Armstrong World Industries Inc designs and manufactures exterior architectural applications, including ceilings, specialty walls, and exterior metal solutions, using materials such as mineral fiber, fiberglass, metal, felt, architectural resin and glass, wood, wood fiber, and glass-reinforced-gypsum. Its segments include Mineral Fiber, which produces suspended mineral fiber and fiberglass ceiling systems and includes results from the Worthington Armstrong Venture (WAVE) for ceiling suspension system (grid) products; Architectural Specialties, which designs, produces, and sources specialty ceilings, walls, and other architectural applications for commercial settings, with revenues mainly project driven; and Unallocated Corporate. The company operates in the United States and Canada.

TCC Group Holdings Co Ltd engages in the manufacturing and marketing of cement, cement-related products and ready-mixed concrete. The majority of revenue comes from Taiwan and the rest from Asia and Europe.

SKC Co Ltd is a Korea-based company engaged in the manufacture and supply of chemicals and industrial films. The company operates through three segments: the Chemistry segment, which produces POD and related chemical products; the Semiconductor Material segment, which manufactures semiconductor test sockets and related materials; and the Secondary Battery Material segment, which produces copper foil and other battery components. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Chemistry segment.

Louisiana-Pacific Corp is an oriented strand board producer and also offers engineered wood siding used in home construction and repair and remodel projects. The Siding business of the company serves different markets with a broad product portfolio of engineered wood siding, trim, soffit, and fascia. The Company operates through three operating segments: Siding, OSB, and LP South America (LPSA). The company generates majority of its revenue from siding segment.

China National Building Material Co Ltd is a state-owned building material holding company. Its reportable segments are the Cement segment which includes the production and sale of cement, Concrete segment includes the production and sale of concrete, New Materials segment comprises of production and sale of glass fiber, composite, and lightweight building materials, and Engineering technology Services segment, which includes the provision of engineering services to glass and cement manufacturers and equipment procurement, and others segment, which comprises Merchandise trading business and others. The company operates in PRC, Europe, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, Oceania, Africa, the Americas, and other countries, out of which the majority of the revenue comes from the PRC.

Mitsui Chemicals Inc manufactures and sells a variety of chemicals, plastics, and chemical-based products. The firm organizes itself into four segments. The Basic & Green Materials segment provides ethylene, propylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, catalysts, phenols, PTA, PET resins, polyurethane, and industrial chemicals. The ICT Solutions segment supplies semiconductors, electronic components, process and optical materials, and battery-related materials. The Life & Healthcare Solutions segment covers vision care, nonwovens, oral and personal care materials, and agricultural chemicals. The Mobility Solutions segment offers elastomers, functional compounds, polypropylene compounds, and automotive-related products, while Others include related businesses.

LafargeHolcim Maroc SA is a Morocco-based company. It is engaged in the manufacturing and sale of cement and hydraulic binders to the construction industry. Its product portfolio consists of cement, concretes, aggregates, plasters, and lime.

Sanwa Holdings Corp is a Japan-based company engaged in producing and selling construction materials for buildings and commercial facilities. The company also provides maintenance and renovation services. Its products include condominium doors, window shutters, exterior products, garage doors, operators, and hinge doors for residential buildings; and heavy-duty shutters, steel doors, partitions, stainless steel products, overhead doors, automatic doors, truck/trailer doors, and industrial doors for non-residential buildings. The company operates in Japan, North America, and Europe.

Knife River Holding Co is an aggregates-led construction materials and contracting services provider. The segments of the company include West, Mountain, Central, and Energy Services. Each geographic segment offers a vertically integrated suite of products and services, including aggregates, ready-mix concrete, asphalt, and contracting services, while the Energy Services segment, which has locations throughout the company's geographic footprint, produces and supplies liquid asphalt and related services, for use in asphalt road construction, and is a supplier to some of the other segments.

Titan SA is engaged in building and infrastructure materials industry. The company offers construction materials, solutions, and the services needed for safe and sustainable homes, buildings, and infrastructure that enable people to enjoy life.

Cementos Argos SA is a cement producing company. In terms of the concrete business it is Colombia's key producer and the producer in the United States. The company's corporate purpose is the exploitation of the cement industry, the production of concrete mixes and any other materials or items made of cement, lime or clay, the acquisition and exploitation of minerals or deposits of exploitable minerals in the cement industry and similar rights to explore and mine the aforementioned minerals, whether by concession, privilege, lease or other title.

Corporacion Moctezuma SAB de CV is a Mexico-based company which is engaged in the production and sale of cement and ready-mix concrete. The product portfolio of the includes of compound Portland cements, white cement and mortar and others.

GCC SAB de CV is engaged in producing and selling hydraulic cement, concrete, and aggregates in the markets of Mexico (state of Chihuahua) and the United States of America. The company produces, markets, and distributes cement, aggregates, ready-mix concrete, and other construction materials. The company is a Mexican entity that manufactures and sells hydraulic cement, ready-mix concrete, and aggregates. Geographically, its operations are spread across Mexico and the United States, with the majority of the revenue deriving from the United States.