Stewards Valuation Multiples

Charles Schwab is one of the largest retail-oriented financial-services companies in the US, with $11.9 trillion in client assets across its brokerage, banking, asset management, custody, financial advisory, and wealth-management businesses at the end of 2025. While best known for its retail brokerage offering, Schwab generates the lion’s share of its revenue and profits through its Charles Schwab Bank and asset management segments. The firm is a dominant player in registered investment advisor custody, with over 40% market share, and has recently pushed into wealth management with robo-advisory, direct indexing, and other managed-investment solutions.

Robinhood Markets Inc is creating a modern financial services platform. It designs its own products and services and delivers them through a single, app-based cloud platform supported by proprietary technology. Its vertically integrated platform has enabled the introduction of new products and services such as cryptocurrency trading, dividend reinvestment, fraud detection, derivatives, fractional shares, recurring investments, and others.

Strategy Inc is a bitcoin treasury company and a provider of business intelligence services. It is designed to provide investors varying degrees of economic exposure to Bitcoin by offering a range of securities, including equity and fixed-income instruments. The company also provides industry AI-powered enterprise analytics software. It has one reportable operating segment: the Software Business, which is engaged in the design, development, marketing, and sales of the company's enterprise analytics software platform through cloud subscriptions and licensing arrangements and related services (i.e., product support, consulting, and education). Geographically, the company operates in EMEA, U.S. and Other Regions, of which maximum revenue is derived from U.S..

Founded in 2012, Coinbase is the leading cryptocurrency exchange platform in the United States. The company intends to be the safe and regulation-compliant point of entry for retail investors and institutions into the cryptocurrency economy. Users can establish an account directly with the firm, instead of using an intermediary, and many choose to allow Coinbase to act as a custodian for their cryptocurrency, giving the company breadth beyond that of a traditional financial exchange. While the company still generates the majority of its revenue from transaction fees charged to its retail customers, Coinbase uses internal investment and acquisitions to expand into adjacent businesses, such as prime brokerage and data analytics.

Founded in 2009, Block provides payment services to merchants, along with related services. The company also launched Cash App, a person-to-person payment network. In 2024, Square's payment volume was almost USD 250 million.

Interactive Brokers is a large, automated, retail and institutional brokerage that boasted nearly $780 billion in customer equity at the end of 2025. The company cut its teeth as a market maker, introducing US financial markets to automated and algorithmic training before expanding into brokerage services in 1993. The firm has a wide-ranging client base, with its best-in-class order execution and extremely low margin lending rates catering to a sophisticated audience of hedge funds, proprietary traders, and introducing brokers that account for about 45% of the firm’s commissions. With operations spanning more than 160 electronic exchanges, 36 countries, and 28 currencies, Interactive Brokers caters to a global clientele, with more than 80% of active accounts sitting outside the US.

LPL Financial is the largest US independent broker-dealer, with more than 32,000 financial advisors affiliated with its platform and roughly 11 million customer accounts at the end of 2025. The firm earns the bulk of its profit from interest income earned on client cash balances and from advisory fees and commissions tied to the $2.4 trillion in assets under management or advisory on its platform at year-end 2025. LPL specializes in the provision of turnkey wealth management services for affiliated independent advisors, but maintains a diverse array of affiliation modalities, running the gamut from more traditional employee models to a pure RIA custody approach. It earns tuck-in revenue from recordkeeping fees and the provision of software tools and services to its advisor base.

Circle Internet Group Inc is a financial technology firm engaged in digital currencies and public blockchains for payments, commerce, and financial applications. The company's platform is a full-stack, internet financial platform business, organized around three pillars: Arc Blockchain and Developer Infrastructure, Circle Digital Assets and Services, and Circle Applications.

Hithink RoyalFlush Information Network Co Ltd is engaged in providing Internet financial information services and online financial software. The company's business includes an online market trading system, mobile financial information service, fund sales, financial big data processing, and cloud services. It serves individuals, brokers, funds, private placements, banks, insurance, government, and research Institutional clients.

Founded in 1998 and headquartered in New York City, Tradeweb Markets is a leading fixed-income trading platform. While it does offer electronic processing for some voice-negotiated trades, the company focuses primarily on providing electronic trading networks that connect broker/dealers, institutional clients, and retail customers. While the company offers trading in a wide variety of products, the bulk of its business is in US and European government debt, mortgage-backed securities, interest-rate swaps, and US and international corporate bonds. The firm also sells fixed-income trading and price data, primarily through a deal with Refinitiv’s Eikon service.

BitMine Immersion Technologies Inc is a Bitcoin and Ethereum Network Company with a focus on the accumulation of Crypto for long term investment, whether acquired by its Bitcoin mining operations or from the proceeds of capital raising transactions. Company business lines include Bitcoin Mining, Synthetic Bitcoin mining through involvement in Bitcoin mining, hashrate as a financial product, offering advisory and mining services to companies interested in earning Bitcoin denominated revenues, and general Bitcoin advisory to public companies. BitMine’s operations are located in low-cost energy regions in Trinidad; Pecos, Texas; and Silverton, Texas.

Futu Holdings Ltd is an online broker providing one-stop online investing services. The company provides its services through its digital platform Futu NiuNiu, which includes market data, trading service, and news feed of Hong Kong, Mainland China, Singapore, and the United States equity markets. It generates its revenue in the form of brokerage commission and handling charge services, and interest income.

XP Inc. is Brazil's leading technology-driven financial services platform and the country's largest independent brokerage firm. Founded in 2001 as an independent investment agency, XP has evolved into a massive, integrated financial ecosystem that challenges traditional legacy banks by providing low-fee financial products through an open-architecture platform.

StoneX Group Inc is a brokerage and financial services firm. Its service offerings are execution, OTC / Market-Making, advisory services, payment solutions, market intelligence, Physical Trading and clearing services. The firm operates in four segments: Commercial, Institutional, Self-Directed/Retail, and Payments. Its customers include governmental and nongovernmental organizations, commercial banks, brokers, institutional investors, and investment banks. The company operates in the United States, South America, Europe, the Middle East and Asia, and other countries, out of which the majority of revenue is generated from the Middle East and Asia Region.

Nordnet AB (publ) is a digital platform for savings and investments in the Nordics. The company operates in Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland. Its purpose is to democratize savings and investments. It provides trading in a large number of equities, funds, and other types of securities from several markets at a low price, as well as pension savings without fixed fees. The firm also offers margin loans, private loans, and mortgages. There are a number of user-interfaces to choose from, such as web, app, or more trading applications. Digital financial guidance tools are offered to customers who want help and inspiration with their savings. It also operates the widely used social investment network in the Nordics, Shareville.

Swissquote Group Holding SA is engaged in providing online financial and trading services. It provides a comprehensive suite of online financial services to a broad spectrum of customers, ranging from retail investors, affluent investors to professional and institutional customers. The Group operates through Swissquote Bank Ltd and globally under the Swissquote brand. It has two segments namely the Securities trading and the Leveraged forex. The Group’s revenues are mainly generated by a transaction fee for each transaction. Swissquote’s core competencies include stock market trading, trading and custody of crypto assets, Forex trading and the Robo-Advisor solution. In addition, Swissquote is active in the payment card, mortgage and leasing markets.

Allfunds is a fund distribution platform connecting fund houses and distributors, creating a single access point for both sides to gain a wider reach with regard to assets under administration and fund variety, respectively. As of 2024, Allfunds had EUR 1.6 trillion in assets under administration stemming from about 860 distributors on its platform. In return, distributors gained access to about 156,000 funds from 3,300 different fund houses. Allfunds also provides ancillary services to both fund houses and distributors, covering the marketing, distribution, legal, regulatory, as well as data and analytics needs arising in the fund distribution space. Allfunds derives the majority of its revenue from Italy, Spain, and France.

Bullish is an institutionally focused global digital asset platform focused on providing market infrastructure and information services. Its objective is to provide mission critical products and services that are designed to help institutions grow their businesses, empower individual investors, and drive the adoption of stablecoins, digital assets, and blockchain technology. It expanded its product offering to provide trusted insights, authoritative news, data, indices and transparent analysis to the digital assets industry while facilitating partnerships, investment opportunities, and community engagement through its flagship Consensus conference.

BGC Group Inc is a brokerage and financial technology company that serves financial markets, energy, and commodities markets. Its service and product offerings include brokerage for a wide range of financial products, including fixed income, equities, commodities, derivatives, and real estate, software solutions for trading platforms, clearing, trade execution, and other back-office services. Its clients mostly include banks, financial institutions, and corporate clients. BGC operates in one reportable segment, which is providing brokerage services. Geographically, the company generates a majority of its revenue from Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA), followed by the Americas and the Asia-Pacific region.

Founded in 2000, MarketAxess is a leading electronic fixed-income trading platform that connects broker/dealers and institutional investors. The company is primarily focused on credit based fixed income securities with its main trading products being US investment-grade and high-yield bonds, Eurobonds, and Emerging Market corporate debt. Recently the company has expanded more aggressively into Treasuries and municipal bonds with the acquisitions of LiquidityEdge and MuniBrokers in 2019 and 2021, respectively. The company also provides pre- and post-trade services with its acquisition of Regulatory Reporting Hub from Deutsche Börse Group in 2020 adding to its product offerings.

IG Group Holdings PLC provides online trading services to its clients. The majority of the company's revenue stems from its derivative products and contracts for difference (CFDs). The company operates through various segments which are The U.K. segment which derives its revenue from financial spread bets, CFDs, binary options, and execution-only stockbroking. The Australian segment derives its revenue from CFDs and binary options. The European segment derives its revenue from CFDs, binary options, and execution-only stockbroking. The Rest of the World segment derives its revenue from the operation of a regulated futures and options exchange as well as CFDs and binary options. The company generates more than half of its revenue from the U.K., followed by Europe and Australia.

Galaxy Digital Inc is engaged in digital assets and data center infrastructure, delivering solutions that accelerate progress in finance and artificial intelligence. Its digital assets platform offers institutional access to trading, advisory, asset management, staking, self-custody, and tokenization technology. The company invest in and operate cutting-edge data center infrastructure to power AI and high-performance computing, meeting the growing demand for scalable energy and compute solutions in the U.S. It has three operating business segments, Digital Assets and Data Centers, along with a Treasury & Corporate segment.

XTB SA is engaged in brokerage activities business. It is a Polish broker from the fin-tech sector, providing products and services dedicated to active investing, saving, and virtual payment management. The group conducts its operations through two business segments; the Retail segment includes the provision of trading in financial instruments for individual customers; the Institutional segment includes the provision of trading in financial instruments and offering trade infrastructure to entities (institutions), which in turn provide services of trading in financial instruments for their customers under their brand. It derives a majority of its revenue from the Retail segment.

Shenzhen Fortune Trend Technology Co Ltd is engaged in research and development of securities analysis systems and computer communication systems. It provides securities investment analysis system for securities institutions and investors under the brand Tongdaxin. Tongdaxin's well-known online trading products are: China Merchants Securities Zhiyuan One Account, Guoxin Securities Golden Sun Edition, CITIC Securities Zhixin All-rounder, GF Securities Financial Terminal, Galaxy Securities Neptune, Guotai Junan Securities Fuyi, among others.

Webull Corp is a digital investment platform built upon a next-generation globally infrastructure services. It strives to be the platform of choice for a new generation of investors by creating an efficient, low-cost, and easy-to-use investment platform. The company distinguishes itself from other investment service providers by offering a mobile-first user experience, a broad range of investment products, and extensive functionality constructed to help its customers build wealth over time. The company arms each customer with the tools it needs to develop into what it refers to as an informed investor - one who understands the market and has the confidence to succeed as an investor. The Webull platform originally provided users with free access to market data and analytical tools.

Techcom Securities JSC is a securities firm known for its startup culture and WealthTech innovations. The company is focusing on investment and asset management products for middle-class clients, leveraging Techcombank's branch network and building online distribution channel. The company provides provide diverse investment support products and services such as stocks, derivatives, warrants, and managing open-end funds and real estate funds.

Saudi Tadawul Group Holding Co provides trading, clearing, and settlement services in securities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It also provides services related to innovation in technology. The company's segment includes Capital Markets; Post Trade; Data and Technology Services and Corporate. It generates maximum revenue from the Post Trade segment.

Flatexdegiro SE is an independent online broker. The firm operates a proprietary securities trading platform under the brands flatex and DEGIRO and services more than 1 million European retail customers in European countries. The company also offers brokerage services and administration to corporate and institutional clients. The segments of the company are Financial Services and Technologies.

Hyperliquid Strategies Inc is focused on building a substantial reserve of HYPE tokens from the Hyperliquid Layer-1 blockchain. HYPE is the native token of the Hyperliquid layer one blockchain and is used in Hyperliquid’s custom consensus algorithm, HyperBFT. The company holds approximately 583 million worth of HYPE tokens.

Plus500 Ltd is an online provider of Contracts for Difference (CFDs). The company has developed and operates an online trading platform for retail customers to trade CFDs internationally, financial instruments comprising equities, indices, commodities, options, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), and foreign exchange. The trading platform is accessible from multiple operating systems including Windows, smartphones: iOS, Android, and Windows Phone, tablets: iOS, Android, and Surface, and web browsers. The group is engaged in three operating sectors: CFD trading; share dealing; and futures and options on futures. Geographically, European Economic Area, United Kingdom, Australia, and Rest of the World, of which it derives maximum revenue from European Economic Area.

TP ICAP GROUP PLC provides broking professional intermediary services to match buyers and sellers of different financial, energy, and commodities products. Its role includes creating liquidity and price discovery in markets and providing insight and context to the clients. The company provides proprietary over-the-counter ('OTC') pricing information in the world with the data on financial, energy, and commodities products. Its clients include banks, insurance companies, pension funds, asset managers, hedge funds, central banks, energy producers and refiners, risk and compliance managers, and charities. The company's segments include Global Broking which generates key revenue, Energy & Commodities, Liquidnet, Parameta Solutions, and Corporate.

AJ Bell PLC is an investment platform in the United Kingdom. The Group has a single operating segment, being investment services in the advised and D2C space, administering investments in SIPPs, ISAs, and General Investment / Dealing Accounts. SIPPs and ISAs, Lifetime ISA, and junior products. The company generates revenue from recurring ad valorem, which includes custody fees, interest income, and investment management fees, and transactional. The company earns its revenue from its domicile country United Kingdom.

Securitize Holdings Inc provides a platform for tokenized real-world assets specializing in tokenizing real-world assets (RWAs) like funds, equities, and fixed income on blockchain networks. The company operates across two primary verticals: i) Tokenization: It consists of on-chain infrastructure and tokenization & distribution, ii) Asset Servicing: It covers post-issuance transfer agent and fund management services. The majority of the company's revenue is derived from the Tokenization vertical.

CMC Markets PLC is a United Kingdom-based company that provides an online platform for trading and investing, with a comprehensive retail, professional, and institutional offering. The Group’s business consists of two segments, Trading and Investing. The majority of its revenue is generated from the Trading segment, whose core business involves online trading, enabling clients to trade a broad array of financial instruments for short-term investment and hedging purposes. Additionally, the trading segment includes the Treasury Management and Capital Markets Division that invests surplus liquidity to enhance yield. The Investing segment supports clients’ longer-term investment goals. The group offers online stockbroking services in Australia, the UK, the USA, and Singapore.

Compagnie Financiere Tradition SA is a Switzerland-based interdealer broking firm. It acts as a marketplace and an intermediary and facilitates transactions between financial institutions and other professional traders in the capital markets. Its Financial and non-financial products include bonds, interest rates, index futures, currency and credit derivatives, equities, precious metals, energy and environmental products and others. Its geographical segments are Europe, Middle East and Africa; Americas and Asia-Pacific.

Tradegate AG Wertpapierhandelsbank is a Germany-based company. It is engaged in providing banking and financial services. In addition to retail banking, the company focuses on the trading of several domestic and foreign securities on the Tradegate Exchange, and the Frankfurt and Berlin stock exchanges. The company's main business activity consists of market specialist activities and market making; it acts as a Market Specialist on the Tradegate Exchange and the Frankfurt Stock Exchange and as an order book manager on the Berlin Stock Exchange. It extends its services to the securities listing on the stock exchanges in Munich, Stuttgart, Hamburg, Hanover, and Dusseldorf.

SharpLink Inc is one of those publicly traded companies to adopt ETH as its primary treasury reserve asset - a move that aligns the company with the future of digital capital and gives investors direct exposure to Ethereum, a smart-contract platform and a digital asset. The company is also a trusted marketing partner to sportsbooks and online casino gaming operators world-wide. Through its iGaming affiliate marketing network, SharpLink owns and operates a portfolio of direct-to-player, state-specific, affiliate marketing websites designed to attract, acquire and drive local sports betting and online casino gaming traffic to its valued partners which are licensed to operate in each respective state.

Etoro Group Ltd is a multi-asset platform supporting trading and investing in equities, cryptoassets, commodities, currencies, and options traded either as an asset or as a derivative related to different underlying asset types. The Group is engaged in one operating segment of trading activity.

iFAST Corp Ltd is an investment holding company. It is engaged in the development of software, marketing of unit trusts, exchange-traded funds, listed stocks, debt securities, and Singapore government securities through websites and acting as an investment advisor, dealer, and custodian in the securities. The company operates through geographic segments are Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia, United Kingdom, and China. The Singapore region generates maximum revenue for the company. iFAST receives revenue in the form of commissions and fees.

Matsui Securities Co Ltd is a Japanese online securities broker that provides services and a trading platform for retail investors. The company's main business is stock brokerage targeting individual investors, and provide online securities trading services. Specifically, it provides services such as commissioned trading of stocks and futures/options, underwriting, offering and selling, sales of investment trusts, and FX (foreign exchange margin trading). Since it has a single segment of online securities trading services, and have omitted the description of each segment. In addition, it has omitted the description of affiliated companies as those are of little importance.

TOP Financial Group Ltd is an online brokerage firm in Hong Kong specializing in trading local and overseas equities, futures, and options products. The Company generates brokerage commission income by enabling its customers to trade on multiple exchanges present globally. The company operates in only one segment which is the futures brokerage service.

Wealthfront Corp is a technology company that built a financial solutions platform for digital natives. Its platform is designed to address the needs of the wealth builders within these generations.

Flow Traders Ltd is a financial technology company operating in the financial markets, using its proprietary technology platform to provide liquidity by quoting bid and ask prices in financial products. It ensures the provision of liquidity to support the uninterrupted functioning of financial markets. The company's core trading focus is on exchange-traded products (ETPs), enabling investors to buy and sell ETPs by quoting bid and ask prices under virtually all market circumstances and also has expanded into fixed income, commodities, digital assets, and foreign exchange. The company's reportable segments are; Europe which generates key revenue, the Americas, and Asia.

Monex Group Inc is functional in the financial services domain of Japan. Its core business is that of securities trading. Operating in the capital markets industry, the company renders such services as online securities business, the foreign exchange (FX) trading business, as well as the provision of merger and acquisition (M&A) advisory services. Most of its revenue is in the form of brokerage derived from its capital market activities majorly in Japan and on a minor scale in the United States and China.

OSL Group Ltd is an investment holding company. Along with its subsidiaries, the company operates an insured and SFC-licensed digital assets and blockchain platform business in the Asia-Pacific region, which mainly includes an OTC trading business to trade digital assets with corporate and individual customers, and the provision of automated digital assets trading services through its proprietary platforms. It provides a comprehensive range of services, including brokerage, custody, exchange, and SaaS. The group's platform caters to institutional, professional, and retail investors, facilitating them to manage their digital assets. Geographically, it operates in Hong Kong, Australia, Japan, Singapore, and Mainland China.

Bravura Solutions Ltd is engaged in the development, licensing and maintenance of specialized administration and management software applications as well as the provision of professional consulting services. It has two operating segments: Wealth Management and Funds Administration. The company generates maximum revenue from the Wealth Management segment. Wealth Management segment platforms provide end-to-end processing to support all back-office functions relating to the daily management of superannuation, pensions, life insurance, investment, private wealth and portfolio administration. Geographically, it derives a majority of revenue from Australia and also has a presence in the UK, New Zealand, and Other Countries.

BitGo Holdings Inc provides various offerings to its clients including multi-signature blockchain wallet solutions allowing for secure storage, trade settlement, staking solutions, and lending of digital assets. The Company also provides professional services to develop smart contracts. Its clients range from crypto-native companies that use its self-custody wallet technology to traditional financial services firms that leverage its licensed custody, staking and trading capabilities within their own products and services.

HashKey Holdings Ltd is an investment holding company, principally engaged in digital asset exchange custody, asset management, and related blockchain infrastructure services. The Group's business includes licensed digital asset trading platforms, brokerage services, custody solutions, asset management products, and technology services provided to institutional and professional clients. The company's business segments are: Transaction facilitation services, On-chain services, and Asset management services. It derived the majority of revenue from the Transaction facilitation services segment, covering digital asset exchange services, brokerage services, and custody services. Geographically, it derived the maximum revenue from Hong Kong.