PIA Valuation Multiples

Live Nation is the largest live entertainment company in the world, serving as a concert promoter, venue operator, and ticketing platform. In addition, the firm generates revenue from sponsorships and advertising. With offices in 51 countries, Live Nation promotes concerts globally and it owned, operated, or had exclusive booking rights to more than 400 venues worldwide at the end of 2025, which the firm says makes it the second-largest operator of music venues globally. In 2025, Live Nation promoted nearly 55,000 events, drawing roughly 160 million fans. Ticketmaster is a dominant global ticketing service, selling nearly 650 million tickets in 2025.

Liberty Media Corp along with its subsidiaries is engaged in the media and entertainment industries in North America and the United Kingdom. The company owns interests in a high-quality portfolio of assets across the media, entertainment and sports industries. The company derives its maximum revenue from United Kingdom.

Informa PLC is an international events, digital services, and academic research group. Through various brands, products, and services, it connects businesses and professionals with the knowledge they need. The group's reportable segments are Informa Markets, Informa Tech, Informa Connect, Informa Festivals, and Taylor & Francis. The Informa Markets segment generates the highest revenue, connecting buyers and sellers across various specialist markets, including boating, pharmaceuticals, food, fashion, and infrastructure. This is achieved by delivering transaction-focused live events, such as exhibitions, specialist digital content, and targeted digital services, including data-driven demand generation products. It generates half its revenue from North America, followed by Asia.

Liberty Live Holdings Inc focuses on live entertainment investments. The company maintains a substantial ownership position in Live Nation Entertainment, the primary international promoter of concerts, events, and ticketing through platforms like Ticketmaster, alongside sponsorship and hospitality services via QuintEvents.

Endeavor Group Holdings Inc is an entertainment and sports company. The company owns and operates sports and entertainment properties, including UFC and WWE through its majority ownership of TKO, produces and distributes sports and entertainment content, owns and manages exclusive live events and experiences, and represents top sports, entertainment, and fashion talent, as well as blue chip corporate clients. Its reportable segments are Owned Sports Properties, Events, Experiences & Rights, and Representation. Maximum revenue is generated from its Owned Sports Properties segment, which is comprised of a portfolio of sports and entertainment properties, including UFC, WWE, PBR, and Euroleague. Geographically, it derives key revenue from the United States.

CTS Eventim AG & Co. KGaA is a diversified media company that focuses on the ticketing market. The business is divided into two segments: ticketing and live entertainment. The ticketing segment produces, sells, and distributes tickets for a variety of leisure-based events. The company sells tickets for concerts, sports, and theater events, and provides travel services as well. The live entertainment business segment plans and organizes tour events, largely for music-based concerts. The company generates the vast majority of its revenue in Germany.

Sphere Entertainment Co is a live entertainment and media company. The firm creates, writes, casts, produces, and tours shows and events. The group has two reportable segments: Sphere and MSG Networks. Sphere is a next-generation entertainment medium, and MSG Networks operates two regional sports and entertainment networks, as well as a direct-to-consumer (DTC) and authenticated streaming product.

Madison Square Garden Entertainment Corp provides live entertainment, delivering unforgettable experiences while forging deep connections with diverse and passionate audiences. The company’s portfolio includes a collection of world-renowned venues - New York’s Madison Square Garden, The Theater at Madison Square Garden, Radio City Music Hall, and Beacon Theatre; and The Chicago Theatre - that showcase a broad array of sporting events, concerts, family shows, and special events for millions of guests annually. In addition, the company features the original production, the Christmas Spectacular Starring the Radio City Rockettes, which has been a holiday tradition for 89 years.

Songcheng Performance Development Co Ltd operates in the performing arts industry. The company is engaged in the operation of Live performances, tourism and leisure, and Internet performance in China.

Corporacion Interamericana de Entretenimiento SAB de CV is a Mexico-based company engaged in the business of providing entertainment services in Latin America and worldwide. It offers a wide Range of entertainment options to a variety of audiences and budgets in large- and medium-sized cities. Its services include concerts, theatrical productions, sporting events, family events and cultural events, among others. In addition, it operates an amusement park in Colombia.

GL Events is a France-based company engaged in providing facilities for meetings: congresses and conventions, cultural, sporting, institutional, and corporate events, trade shows, and exhibitions for professionals and the general public. It has three business divisions, namely GL events Live: Provides turnkey solutions for all events, whatever the format, from the consulting phase through to production. GL events Exhibitions: Design, Production, and Management of Professional Trade Shows and Consumer Exhibitions to Promote Key Sectors. GL events Venues: Manages a network of over 60 event venues around the world (convention and exhibition centers, arenas, etc).

Pursuit Attractions and Hospitality Inc is an attractions and hospitality company that owns and operates a collection of inspiring and unforgettable experiences at iconic destinations across the United States, Canada, Iceland and Costa Rica. Its elevated hospitality offerings include point-of-interest attractions and distinctive lodges, as well as integrated restaurants, retail options, and transportation that allow visitors to discover and connect with breathtaking national parks and renowned travel locations.

PVR INOX Ltd is a diversified media company engaged in the film entertainment industry. The company has two primary business segments, which includes Movie exhibition, and Others. The Movie exhibition business segment which derives key revenue, operates a chain of movie theaters, generating revenue through ticket sales, food and beverage sales, and in-cinema advertising. The Other business segment operates complementary ventures such as movie production, distribution and gaming, etc. The company generates the vast majority of its revenue in India.

Emerald Holding Inc is a business-to-business (B2B) event organizer principally in the United States. The company is engaged in three complementary business lines; Connections division consists of a collection of B2B trade show franchises and other live events that provide exhibitors opportunities to engage with buyers and expand their brand’s awareness in their industry; the Content division consists of B2B print publications and digital media products that complement existing trade show properties, and the Commerce division which offers software-as-a-service technology that enables year-round B2B buying and selling through Elastic Suite and Bulletin platforms for use by its customers. The Majority of the revenue for the company is generated from its Connections segment.

Maoyan Entertainment is a China-based company that mainly operates an Internet-empowered entertainment service platform. The company operates in three segments. The Online Entertainment Ticketing Services segment offers online ticketing services for comprehensive entertainment formats, such as movies and entertainment events. The Entertainment Content Services segment operates an integrated platform to provide entertainment content services, ranging from distribution, and promotion to production, for various entertainment formats including movies, TV series, variety shows, and entertainment events. The Advertising Services and Others segment serves advertisers in both the entertainment industry and other industries including automobile, electronics, and consumer products.

Funshine Culture Group Co Ltd is engaged in different types of business in various art events and cultural activities both domestically and internationally, including planning, art creation and design, stage arts design, urban landscape construction and the lighting and audio project designing theatre and art venues. The company operates in four segments namely events and stage lighting; landscape lighting and interpretation; multimedia creative production; live performance and cultural tourism synthesis services.

Ollamani SAB is a holding company that operates through its subsidiaries in various businesses, including the Football Business, which is the Company that owns Club America, a professional soccer team with championships in Mexico and considered one of the popular teams. Estadio Azteca is the company that owns and operates the Estadio Azteca. Games and Sweepstakes Business under the PlayCity brand, the company operates eighteen casinos in Mexico with food and beverage service, as well as a website in the one that offers sports betting and casino betting. The Company's operations are classified into three segments: Football Segment, Gaming Segment, and Publishers and Distributors Segment.

Fiera Milano SpA is a trade fair company. Its operating segments include Italian Exhibitions Business, Foreign Exhibitions Business, and Congresses. The Italian Exhibitions and Foreign Exhibitions segment covers all activities for organizing and hosting exhibitions and other events in Italy and abroad through the use, promotion, and offer of furnished exhibition spaces, project support, and ancillary services. It also engages in stand-fitting, technical, and exhibition site services. The Congresses segment covers the management of conferences and events. It generates the majority of the revenue from Italian exhibitions.

Falcons Beyond Global Inc. is a Company that provides a full range of theme park design, master planning, and experiential technologies for customers in the entertainment and attraction industry through its Falcon’s Creative Group reportable segment and develops and co-owns resort and theme park attractions through its Destinations Operations. The Company has four operating segments, Falcon’s Creative Group, PDP, Falcon’s Beyond Brands, and Destinations Operations, all of which are reportable segments. It earns the majority of the revenue from Falcon’s Creative Group segment.

Beijing Jingxi Culture&Tourism Co Ltd is a full-industry chain film and television entertainment media group. It is primarily engaged in the tourism and cultural resources, and film and television entertainment production businesses in China.

Eventbrite Inc is a self-service ticketing and experience technology platform that serves event creators. The company's two-sided marketplace connects creators and consumers every month to share their passions, artistry, and causes through live experiences. Creators use its self-service ticketing and marketing tools to plan, promote, and sell tickets to their events, and event seekers use its website and mobile application to discover and purchase tickets to experiences. Geographically, it generates maximum revenue from the United States. The company generates revenues principally from service fees and payment processing fees from the sale of paid tickets on its platform.

Avex Inc is a diversified media company, which holds a number of entertainment subsidiaries. The company has four primary business segments: music, video, management and live content, and other. The music segment designs, produces, and sells music and music-related content. The video segment plans, produces, sells, and distributes video content and feature films. The management and live business segment manages artists, sells merchandise, operates fan clubs, and is involved in the production of concerts and live events. The other business segment operates schools, restaurants, and real estate. The company generates the vast majority of its revenue in Japan.

Parken Sport & Entertainment AS is a Denmark based company engaged in the leisure and entertainment industry. The company manages PARKEN soccer stadium and operates the professional soccer club F.C. Kobenhaven. It also hosts rock concerts, car racing, and large conference. Geographically, operations are primarily functioned in the region of Denmark.

Hibino Corp is engaged in the sale and installation of audio-visual equipment. It offers products and services in the Audio-Visual field. Its business activities are divided into Hibino visual division is engaged in the planning of large screens and video systems used for concerts and events, equipment rental, and operation. Hibino sound division offers a sound system for the concert, equipment rental, recording of concerts and events, studio recording, track down, and mastering. The segments include: Sales and construction business; Building sound construction business; and Concerts and events service business. It derives maximum revenue from Concerts and events service business.

Amuse Inc is a Japan based integrated entertainment group. It is involved in the businesses of artist management business, media visual business, contents business, place management business, and other businesses. In artist management business, the company is engaged in the production of concerts, stage performances of artists, planning and production of stage performances and events, management of fan clubs and sales of a variety of goods and products, television, radio and commercial appearances, and production and distribution of record masters and management of copyright. In media visual business, the company manages image-based entertainment, such as producing and distributing visual software such as TV shows and movies and producing and selling DVDs.

MCH Group Ltd is an international live-marketing company with a services network spanning the entire exhibition and event market. The company's majority of operating income is derived from Switzerland, where it already has a market position. It also has its presence in Europe without Switzerland, North and South America, Asia, Pacific and Africa. The company has three segments Community Platforms, Experience Marketing, and Corporate Functions.

Bastogi SpA through its subsidiaries operates in the real estate, entertainment, art and culture, and other sectors in Italy. The company also hosts presentations, business conventions, conferences, shows, fashion shows, exhibitions, cultural appointments, and photo shoots.

HIM International Music Inc is a Taiwan based media company. The company is engaged in organizing media activities such as live events, autograph sessions, and endorsement activities. It also provides music records and albums. The company also arrange concerts in Taiwan.

B'IN Live Co Ltd is a Taiwan-based event management company. It is mainly engaged in providing software and hardware services for shows or events, including production design, and providing hardware equipment such as lighting, audio, video, musical instruments, and structural equipment. Geographically, the company generates a majority of its revenue from Taiwan and the rest from Mainland China, Hong Kong, Europe and America, and other regions.

accesso Technology Group PLC is a software company engaged in the development and application of ticketing, mobile, and eCommerce technologies, licensing, and operation of virtual queuing solutions, and providing a personalized experience to customers within the attractions and leisure industry. It operates in segments: the Ticketing and Distribution, Guest Experience, and Professional Services. Its solutions are accesso LoQueue, accesso Passport, accesso Siriuswarem, and accesso ShoWare, which provide solutions for ticketing & admissions, gift cards, kiosks, and eCommerce, box office, call center, and social media sales and others. It has a presence in the UK, other Europe, Australia, the USA, and Canada which drives key revenue, in Central and South America.

GHY Culture & Media Holding Co Ltd is involved in the entertainment business. It focuses on the production and promotion of dramas, films, and concerts in the Asia Pacific region. The business activities of the group function through four segments, namely Television Program and Film Production, Concert Production, Talent Management Services and Costumes, Props, and Make-up Services. The company derives the majority of its revenue from the Television Program Film Production segment, which is engaged in the production of dramas and films and script production. Geographically, the business presence of the firm is seen in the regions of Singapore, Australia, Japan, China, and Malaysia, with the majority of the revenue from China.

Vivid Seats Inc is an online ticket marketplace for connecting fans to live events and artists. It is the official ticketing partner of brands in the entertainment industry providing tickets for sports, concerts, theatres, and comedy events in the United States, Canada and Japan. It operates in two segments namely marketplace and resale. Marketplace segment, act as an intermediary between ticket buyers, sellers, and partners through which company earn revenue from processing ticket sales for live events and facilitating the booking of hotel rooms and packages on websites and mobile applications. Resale segment provides internal research and development support for Skybox and supplements ongoing efforts to deliver software and tools. Majority of revenue is from Marketplace segment.

KeyHolder Inc, through its subsidiaries is engaged in various businesses including advertising agency, casting, operation of the live music club, management, operation business and others. Its segments include: General Entertainment Business; Video Production Business; Video Production Business; and Logistics business.

Highlight Event and Entertainment AG is engaged in the business of event marketing and entertainment which consists of marketing rights for the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra and the Eurovision Song Contest. The company's business segment includes the Film segment, the Sports and Events segment, and Others segment. It generates maximum revenue from the Film segment. Geographically, it operates in Switzerland, Germany, and the rest of the world.

Hakuten Corp is a Japan-based company engages in producing and sponsoring event promotions, exhibitions, business meetings, private shows, conferences, and conventions, among others. It is also engaged in the design, construction, and supervision of commercial spaces, such as road shows, conferences, and ceremonies, as well as the provision of digital marketing solutions.

Mei Ah Entertainment Group Ltd is an investment holding company. The company's operating segment includes Channel operations; Film exhibition and film rights licensing and sub-licensing; Cinema operations; Concert performance and events organisation; and Subcontracting service income. The company generates maximum revenue from the Channel operations segment. The company also generates other income from Rental income from investment properties; and Management fee income.

Mufeed Co operates in the field of event, exhibition, and conference management and implementation, alongside creative media production. The group handles all logistical, organizational, and media aspects, starting from identifying needs and objectives, preparing the venue, and ensuring the smooth operation of the event according to the highest standards. Its activities include leasing film production equipment, booking and selling tickets for sporting and entertainment events, exhibitions and conferences, organizing and managing exhibitions and conferences, organizing and managing crowds, and operating exhibition and conference centers and facilities.

Corporacion de Ferias y Exposiciones SA organizes trade fairs, exhibitions and conventions in the Andean Region, Central America, and the Caribbean. The company also provides Banking, Travel, Health, and other services.

Highlight Communications AG is a Switzerland-based financial holding company. The company is a film production and license company in German-speaking countries. Its combined operating segments include Film, Sports, and Sports-and Event-Marketing. In the Film segment, the company along with its subsidiaries is a producer and distributor of cinema, video, and TV films. In addition to owning and co-producing, it acquires the exploitation rights to third-party productions. The sports segment mainly comprises activities in the TV and digital areas with the umbrella brand SPORT1 and in the area of production, content solutions services, and content marketing with PLAZAMEDIA. In the Sports- and Event-Marketing segment, the company is engaged in the marketing of international events.

YES24 Co Ltd is an internet-based book, music CD, ticket distributor in Korea. The company was founded in 1999, and introduced a cutting-edge warehouse management system. It owns an online bookstore which controls 37% of publishing market.

Time Out Group PLC is a media and entertainment company. It helps people discover, book, and share what the world's cities have to offer. The company provides content about food, drink, entertainment, film, music, attractions, art, culture, shopping, nightlife, hotels, and travel. It operates in two divisions namely Time Out Media and Time Out Market. Time Out Media includes digital and print advertising, marketing solutions, live events tickets, and sponsorship, commissions generated by e-commerce transactions, and fees from the franchise partners while Time Out Market includes concessionaires' sales, Time Out operated bars, and retail, events, and sponsorship. It Its geographical segments include Europe, North America, and the Rest of the World.

Sao Paulo Turismo SA is a tourism & event organizing company. It is engaged in organizing & operation of events, exhibitions, fairs, carnivals & promoting business, entertainment, culture & tourism in the city of Sao Paulo.

Miss Grand International PCL is principally engaged in the wholesale and retail of beauty products, cosmetics products, skincare products, personal products, beauty accessories, food dietary supplements, and food products under the Company's branding name. The company also organizes beauty pageants and entertainment events, concerts, and an artist management agency. The company has five segments: Beauty pageants organise, Entertainment business, Consumer products, Consumption products, and others. The company earns the majority of its revenue from the Beauty pageants organise segment.

Grand Prix International PCL is engaged in providing space for motor shows, exhibitions, and automotive-related products and marketing promotion services, Advertising media in printing, television, and website, Production and distribution of books, Printing services, and Others. The business operation of the company is divided into segments, namely Activities Services, Media & Publishing, Printing Services, and the Other segment. The company derives a majority of its revenue from the Activities Services segment.

Tameny Inc provides marriage information services in Japan. It provides mutual interaction platform service for marriage support business. Its services include the introduction of marriage partner and consultation; research on dating and marriage; event, planning, and management of travel; wedding, planning, and placement of reception; and counseling and seminars management.

Pop Culture Group Co Ltd hosts entertainment events, operates hip-hop-related online programs, and provides event planning and execution services and marketing services to corporate clients. It generates revenue from Event Hosting business by providing sponsorship packages to advertisers in exchange for sponsorship fees and by selling tickets for those concerts. The company has various operations services out of which Brand Promotion earns maximum revenue, following by Event Hosting, and Event Planning and Execution.

Moment Group AB is engaged in providing Live Entertainment, Business area Event and Business area Venues in Nordic region. The company plans, develops and implements events specifically to client's business strategy. It is also involved in brand engagement, which it helps customers create arenas for dialogues and participation through meetings, experiences and digital solutions. It also produces musicals, theatre, shows and concerts; offers Cabaret experiences and offers concept dining services.

OverActive Media Corp owns and operates an integrated portfolio of esports teams as well as audience engagement. The segments of the company are Team Operations engaged in capturing league share payouts in the company's various e-sports pro leagues, performance-based revenue and tournament prize winnings, and Business Operations segments engaged in sponsorships, team merchandise sales, live event sales, and costs relating to corporate and executive office operations. The company generates maximum revenue from the Business Operations segment. Geographically, the company derives a majority of its revenue from Canada.