Hadron Energy Valuation Multiples

Tesla is a vertically integrated battery electric vehicle automaker and developer of real world artificial intelligence software, which includes autonomous driving and humanoid robots. The company has multiple vehicles in its fleet, which include luxury and midsize sedans, crossover SUVs, a light truck, and a semi truck. Tesla also plans to begin selling a sports car and offer a robotaxi service. Global deliveries in 2025 were nearly 1.64 million vehicles. The company sells batteries for stationary storage for residential and commercial properties including utilities and solar panels and solar roofs for energy generation. Tesla also owns a fast-charging network and an auto insurance business.

GE Vernova is a global leader in the electric power industry, with products and services that generate, transfer, convert, and store electricity. The company has three business segments: power, wind, and electrification. Power includes gas, nuclear, hydroelectric, and steam technologies, providing dispatchable power. The wind segment includes wind generation technologies, inclusive of onshore and offshore wind turbines and blades. Electrification includes grid solutions, power conversion, electrification software, and solar and storage solutions technologies required for the transmission, distribution, conversion, and storage of electricity from the point of generation to point of consumption.

CATL, headquartered in Ningde, Fujian Province, is a global leading battery manufacturer founded in 2011. The company specializes in the development and production of lithium-ion batteries for EVs and energy storage systems. CATL is the largest EV battery manufacturer in the world and leads the industry in innovative battery technology development for higher-energy density and safety, longer battery service life and super-fast charging. CATL is also involved in the manufacturing of cathode and other related battery materials. Through its subsidiary Brunp, it works with customers to create a closed-loop battery life cycle from production, application, to recycling.

Iberdrola is one of the largest utilities in the world with electric utility operations in nearly 40 countries. The company has a 57-gigawatt portfolio of hydro, wind, natural gas, and nuclear power plants. It is one of the largest owners of wind farms in the world, representing about 40% of its portfolio. Although the company has recently developed or acquired distribution and power generation assets in other geographic areas, Spain is still home to more than half of its power generation capacity. Iberdrola also owns and operates electricity and distribution networks in Spain, the UK, Brazil, and the US.

Founded in 1995, BYD is a leading Chinese manufacturer in the design, development, and production of new energy vehicles, or NEVs. In March 2022, the firm discontinued production of internal combustion engine, or ICE, vehicles. Its products primarily target the growing midpriced mass-market segment in China’s passenger vehicle market. The company sold about 4.3 million passenger NEVs in 2024, accounting for 35% of the Chinese passenger NEV market. Besides automobile production, the company is also engaged in handset components and assembly services, as well as the rechargeable battery and photovoltaics business. After more than 25 years of development, the company has established over 30 industrial parks worldwide.

China Yangtze Power Co Ltd business activities include hydroelectric power generation, power distribution and sales, overseas power station's operation, management, consultation services, investment, and financing. It has also established its power distribution and sales platforms such as Three Gorges Water Conservancy and Peru LuzdelSur. The company owns the power generation assets of four hydropower plants on the mainstream of the Yangtze River, namely Three Gorges, Gezhouba, Xiluodu, and Xiangjiaba.

Constellation Energy Corp producer of carbon-free energy and a supplier of energy products and services. The company offers generating capacity that includes nuclear, wind, solar, natural gas, and hydroelectric assets. It sells electricity, natural gas, and other energy-related products and sustainable solutions to various types of customers, including distribution utilities, municipalities, cooperatives, and commercial, industrial, public sector, and residential customers in markets across multiple geographic regions. Its operating segments and reporting units are Mid-Atlantic, Midwest, New York, ERCOT, and Other Power Regions.

WM, previously known as Waste Management, ranks as the largest integrated provider of traditional solid waste services in the United States, operating 262 active landfill sites and about 339 transfer stations that help with transporting waste efficiently and economically. The company serves residential, commercial, industrial, and medical end markets for waste collection, transfer, and disposal. The company also has an energy business emanating from the beneficial use of landfill gas and is a leading recycler in North America.

Republic Services Group is the second-largest waste management company by revenue and provides integrated waste management services to residential, commercial, and industrial customers. With 208 active landfills, 248 transfer stations, and 75 recycling centers, Republic Services has reached $16 billion in annual revenue, focusing on recycling and environmental solutions. The company reports in three segments based on the Western United States (Group 1), Eastern United States (Group 2), and Environmental Solutions across North America (Group 3). Eighty-nine percent of total revenue comes from recycling and waste, with the remaining 11% from Environmental Solutions.

Bloom Energy designs, manufactures, sells, and installs solid oxide fuel cell systems for on-site power generation. Bloom Energy Servers are fuel-flexible and can use natural gas, biogas, and hydrogen to create 24/7 electricity for stationary applications. Bloom sells its systems in the United States and internationally.

Vistra Corp. is one of the largest power producers and retail energy providers in the USA. It owns 44 gigawatts of generation capacity, including natural gas (27 GW), nuclear (6.5 GW), coal (8.7 GW), and solar and battery storage (1.4 GW). The Cogentrix acquisition will add 5.5 GW of gas generation. Vistra's retail electricity business serves 5 million customers in 20 states, including almost a third of all Texas electricity consumers. Vistra emerged from the Energy Future Holdings bankruptcy as a stand-alone entity in 2016.

Ford Motor Co. manufactures automobiles under its Ford and Lincoln brands. In March 2022, the company announced that it will run its combustion engine business, Ford Blue, and its BEV business, Ford Model e, as separate businesses but still all under Ford Motor. The company has over 13% market share in the United States, about 10% share in the UK, and just over 1% share in China including Taiwan and unconsolidated affiliates. Sales in the US made up about 65% of 2025 total company revenue. Ford has about 169,000 employees, including about 56,300 UAW employees, and is based in Dearborn, Michigan.

LG Energy Solution is the third-largest battery maker for electric vehicles with about 11% global share in 2024, according to SNE Research. The EV battery segment is the largest revenue contributor, which accounted for more than 60% of total revenue in 2024. LGES also manufactures batteries for mobility, mobile phones, laptops, electrical devices, and energy storage systems. The company was spun off from LG Chem’s battery division in December 2020 and listed on the Korea Exchange in January 2022. It has global manufacturing facilities in Korea, China, Poland, and the United States. Key customers include General Motors, Tesla, Volkswagen, Hyundai, and Stellantis.

Waste Connections is a North American waste management company focused on integrated waste collection services. The firm primarily focuses on residential, commercial, municipal, and industrial waste collection, with a secondary market focus on rural areas. With 113 landfills and 222 transfer stations as of 2024, it is the third-largest waste management company by revenue. Revenue is split among six operating segments: Western, Southern, Eastern, Central, Canada, and Midsouth.

ACWA Power Co is engaged in developing, investing, operating, and maintaining power generation, water desalination, and green hydrogen production plants, and bulk sale of electricity. The company's segments include Thermal and Water Desalination, Renewables, and Others. It generates maximum revenue from the Thermal and Water Desalination segment. Geographically, the company generates maximum revenue from Saudi Arabia, followed by other markets in the Middle East and Africa.

Cameco Corp is a provider of uranium needed to generate clean, reliable baseload electricity around the globe and is one of those uranium producers. It has three reportable segments: Uranium, Fuel Services, and Westinghouse, deriving maximum revenue from the Westinghouse segment. The Uranium segment involves the exploration for, mining, milling, purchase, and sale of uranium concentrate, while the Fuel Services segment involves the refining, conversion, and fabrication of uranium concentrate and the purchase and sale of conversion services. Westinghouse Electric Company provides products and services to nuclear reactors, including outage and maintenance services, engineering support, instrumentation and controls equipment, plant modification, and components and parts.

CEZ AS is a Czech energy company of which the government of the Czech Republic is the majority shareholder. The core business of the company is the generation, distribution, trade, and sale of electricity and heat. With its subsidiaries, the company operates a portfolio of both conventional and renewable energy power plants. Total energy production is mainly split between facilities utilizing thermal and nuclear inputs. CEZ segments comprise Generation; Distribution; Sales and Mining. The majority of its revenue is derived from the Generation segment.

Danish company Orsted was named Dong Energy until the sale of all its oil and gas fields to Ineos in 2017, soon after the May 2016 initial public offering. Orsted is now focused on renewable assets, especially offshore wind farms. It operated 9.9 gigawatts of offshore wind farms at the end of 2024. The United Kingdom is the biggest country of operation, ahead of Germany and Denmark. The group intends to develop its footprint outside Europe with projects in Taiwan and in the US. Orsted also operates 4.8 GW of onshore wind and solar assets concentrated in the United States. The company is involved in more traditional utilities business like conventional power plants and gas supply, but these activities are noncore.

Gulf Development PCL is a Thailand-based company mainly involved in the electricity-generating business. The group's principal operations are to generate and sell electricity and steam, store and convert natural gas from liquid to gas, provide satellite services, and operate other businesses in domestic and international markets. It is also involved in the business of renewable energy, such as solar rooftops and biomass energy. The group's reportable segments are: Power business (which generates maximum revenue), Consulting business, Infrastructure business, and Satellite and digital business. Geographically, it derives maximum revenue from Thailand.

CGN Power is a major nuclear power producer in China. It operates 28 nuclear power generating units (total installed capacity of 31.8 gigawatts), with 14 units in Guangdong and the rest in Guangxi, Fujian, and Liaoning provinces as of end-2024. State-owned China General Nuclear Power, controls about 58.9% of CGN Power.

Huaneng Lancang River Hydropower Inc is engaged in the development and operation of the Lancang River and the surrounding areas of hydropower resources. The company is also engaged in the exploration of solar photovoltaic, wind power, shale gas, and other new energy construction.

Xylem is a global leader in water technology and offers a wide range of solutions, including the transport, treatment, testing, and efficient use of water for customers in the utility, industrial, commercial, and residential sectors. Xylem was spun off from ITT in 2011. Based in Rye Brook, New York, Xylem has a presence in over 150 countries and employs 16,200. The company generated $9 billion in revenue in 2025.

PT Barito Renewables Energy Tbk, along with its subsidiaries, operates as a geothermal and wind energy power producer in Indonesia. Its project portfolio comprises Wayang Windu, Salak, Sidrap I, and Darajat. The company generates maximum revenue from the generation and sale of electricity in Indonesia.

Huadian New Energy Group Corp Ltd is engaged in Development, investment and operation of new energy projects, mainly wind power generation and solar power generation.

Vestas is a leading manufacturer of wind turbines with the highest installed capacity under service in the world. The firm operates two business segments: power solutions and services. The power solutions segment designs, manufactures, and installs onshore and offshore wind turbines. The services segment performs operating and maintenance service work on wind turbines.

China Resources New Energy Holdings Co Ltd is engaged in investing in, developing, operating and managing wind and solar power plants.

EnBW Energie Baden-Wuerttemberg AG is active in the energy sector in Germany and the rest of Europe. It operates in three segments: Smart Infrastructure for Customers, which comprises the sale of electricity and gas, energy industry services and energy solutions, provision and expansion of quick-charging infrastructure and digital solutions for electromobility, broadband activities; System Critical Infrastructure segment is into the transmission and distribution of electricity and gas; and Sustainable Generation Infrastructure segment, which generates maximum revenue, encompasses activities in the areas of renewable energies and conventional generation, district heating and waste management/environmental services. Geographically, the company generates maximum revenue from Germany.

Rivian is a battery electric vehicle automaker that sells its vehicles in the US and Canada. The company also develops electronic control units and related software for autos in a joint venture with Volkswagen. Rivian has multiple vehicles in its fleet, which include a luxury truck and full-size SUV and a delivery van. The company plans to begin selling a midsize SUV in 2026. Total deliveries were over 42,000 in 2025. Rivian is also developing autonomous driving software to be used in its vehicles.

Founded in 1947 through a nationalization act, Verbund is the leading power producer in Austria. The Austrian state owns 51% of its capital. Hydro accounts for more than 90% of the total power output. Hydro power is generated from reservoirs and pumped storage plants in the Austrian Alps, and run-of-river plants in Austria and southern Germany. Total hydro capacity amounts to 8.4 GW. Verbund also owns the Austrian electricity grid through its fully owned subsidiary AP. In 2021, the firm acquired 51% of Gas Connect Austria, a gas transmission and distribution system operator. The group also owns one CCGT and is involved in trading and development of wind and solar capacity.

Adani Green Energy Ltd is a renewable energy company. It builds, owns, and operates power plants powered by renewable sources of energy like solar and wind. The company has two reportable segments: renewable power generation and other related ancillary activities; and the sale of solar power equipments.

Axia Energia is engaged in the generation, transmission, and commercialization of electricity in Brazil. The company operates a portfolio of wind, thermal, hydro, and nuclear power plants located throughout the country.

Veralto is a diversified industrial firm organized into two segments: water quality, product quality, and innovation. The water quality segment offers water analytics and water treatment solutions, while the product quality and innovation segment offers coding, packaging, and color solutions for consumer packaged goods and pharmaceuticals. Headquartered in Waltham, Massachusetts, the company has around 17,000 employees. Veralto generated approximately $5.5 billion in revenue in 2025.

First Solar designs and manufactures solar photovoltaic panels, modules, and systems for use in utility-scale development projects. The company's solar modules use cadmium telluride to convert sunlight into electricity. This is commonly called thin-film technology. First Solar is the world’s largest thin-film solar module manufacturer. It has production lines in Vietnam, Malaysia, the United States, and India.

EDP is a vertically integrated utility company and is the largest generator, supplier, and distributor of electricity in Portugal. In addition to Portugal, EDP has sizable operations in Spain, Brazil, and the US. EDP owns 71% of EDP Renovaveis, the fourth-largest wind power owner/operator in the world. EDP delisted Energias do Brasil in August 2023 after buying out the 46% minorities.

Fortum Oyj is a Finnish energy company that operates power plants that use renewable energy sources (hydro, nuclear, and solar power) to sell electricity, heat, cooling, and power products and services. The company mainly operates in Nordic and Baltic countries, Russia, Poland, and India. Its main divisions of the company are generation (large-scale power production), city solutions (sustainable energy solutions), Russia (all Russian operations), technology and new ventures (research and development and in-house incubator for startups), mergers and acquisitions, and solar and wind development. The company's operating segments are Generation, Consumer Solutions, and Other Operations.

Uniper SE is a Germany-based energy generation and energy trading company. The firm operates through three segments: Flexible Generation, Greener commodities, and Green Generation. The Green Generation segment comprises emission-free power generation plants that the Uniper Group operates in Europe. The Flexible Generation segment comprises the power and heat generation plants that the Uniper Group operates in Europe to flexibly meet grid operators' requirements. The Greener Commodities segment bundles the energy trading and optimization activities and forms the commercial interface between the Uniper Group and the globally traded markets for energy and the major customers. The majority of revenue is derived from the Greener Commodities segment.

China National Uranium Co Ltd is engaged in the mining, smelting, sales, and trade of natural uranium resources. It also engages in the comprehensive utilization and product sales of radioactive co-associated mineral resources such as monazite and uranium-molybdenum. Its business scope further includes investment in and management of overseas uranium resource projects, covering exploration, surveying and design, and engineering construction. Additional activities include import and export operations, as well as technology development, technical services, and technical consulting. The company is also involved in the mining and processing of rare earth metal ores, uranium ores, and precious metal ores.

Norsk Hydro ASA is an aluminium and renewable energy company. The company owns and operates businesses and holds investments in sustainable industries. Its operations span multiple market segments, including aluminum, energy, metal recycling, renewable energy, and batteries, providing expertise across these areas. The company's reportable segments are Hydro Bauxite & Alumina, Hydro Energy, Hydro Aluminium Metal and Hydro Extrusions and Hydro Metal Markets activities. The majority of the company's revenue is derived from the Hydro Extrusions segment, which delivers products within extruded profiles, building systems and precision tubing, and operates several recycling facilities, both integrated with its extrusion plants and separate plants.

Hyosung Heavy Industries Co Ltd provides technology solutions in the field of heavy electric power and develops industrial machinery. The company is involved in various construction projects such as housing, redevelopment and reconstruction. The company also offers welding solutions, gear solutions, and system and engineering solutions.

SDIC Power Holdings Co Ltd is engaged in investment and construction, management of energy projects based on electric power generation, development and operation of renewable energy projects, high technology and eco-friendly industries, development and operation of the products associated with electric power, as well as consultancy. The company mainly operates its businesses in the domestic and overseas markets.

National Atomic Co Kazatomprom JSC is a producer of uranium. All of the company's mining operations are located in Kazakhstan and extract uranium using ISR technology with a focus on maintaining industry- growing health, safety and environment standards. The company's segment includes Uranium; UMP and Other. It generates maximum revenue from the Uranium segment.

EDP Renovaveis, a 71%-owned subsidiary of integrated Portuguese utility EDP, was created in 2007. It builds, develops, and operates renewable plants, mostly wind and solar. With 19.3 GW of net installed capacity at the end of 2024, EDP Renovaveis is the third-largest European renewables player. The group’s plants are mainly located in the US, Spain, Portugal, Poland, and Brazil.

APi Group Corp operates in two segments: Safety Services segment includes providing safety services in North America, Asia Pacific, and Europe, focusing on end-to-end integrated occupancy systems (fire protection solutions, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning and entry systems), including design, installation, inspection, and service of these integrated systems. These services are provided in commercial, education, healthcare, high tech, industrial, and special-hazard settings. Specialty Services segment includes providing a variety of infrastructure services and specialized industrial plant services, which include maintenance and repair of critical infrastructure such as underground electric, gas, water, sewer, and telecommunications infrastructure.

EDP Renovaveis, a 71%-owned subsidiary of integrated Portuguese utility EDP, was created in 2007. It builds, develops, and operates renewable plants, mostly wind and solar. With 20.4 gigawatts of installed capacity at end-2025, EDP Renovaveis is the third-largest European renewables player. The group's plants are mainly located in the U.S, Spain, Portugal, Poland, and Brazil.

China Three Gorges Renewables is one of China’s largest renewable energy producers. The firm operates wind farms, photovoltaic power plants, hydroelectric power plants, and energy storage projects. CTGR has a total generation capacity of about 48.0 gigawatts as of the end of 2024. In particular, the firm is also one of the largest offshore wind farm operators in China, with 7.0 GW of installed capacity at the end of 2024, representing about 17% of China’s total capacity. Parent company, China Three Gorges, a state-owned enterprise, owns approximately 52.6% of CTGR’s issued shares as of the end of 2024.

Clean Harbors Inc is an environmental and industrial services provider that provides parts cleaning and related environmental services to commercial, industrial, and automotive customers. Its business segments are Environmental Services and Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions. Environmental Services includes waste collection, transportation, treatment, recycling, and disposal, along with industrial maintenance services. Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions provides used oil collection and manufactures base oil, vacuum gas oil, and lubricants. The company generates the majority of its revenues from the Environmental Services segment and operates in the United States, with maximum revenue, and Canada.

Kansai Electric Power Co Inc is a Japan-based company that provides energy and information technology solutions. The company operates in four business segments. The Energy segment offers electricity, gas, and utility solutions. The Information and Communications segment provides comprehensive communication services. The Lifestyle/Business Solutions segment delivers consumer and business-related services. The Power Transmission and Distribution segment ensures a safe and reliable electricity supply from a neutral and fair standpoint. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Energy business segment.

TBEA Co Ltd is a China-based company that offers energy business solutions to service providers. The company distributes electric power transmission and transformation equipment. It provides solutions such as green technology, smart environmental protection, energy equipment for turnkey projects, and system solutions that range from surveying to design, construction, installation, and commissioning, as well as integration of training, operation, and maintenance. It also promotes the construction of green and efficient power grids. The company has a business presence in China and other countries.