DSC Holdings Valuation Multiples

Founded in Germany in 1972 by former IBM employees, SAP is the world’s largest provider of enterprise application software. Known as the leader in enterprise resource planning software, SAP’s portfolio also includes software for supply chain management, procurement, travel and expense management, and customer relationship management, among others. The company operates in more than 180 countries and has more than 400,000 customers, approximately 80% of which are small to medium-size enterprises.

CrowdStrike is a cloud-native cybersecurity company specializing in security verticals such as endpoint, cloud workload, identity, and security operations. CrowdStrike's primary offering is its Falcon platform, which provides enterprises with a unified view to detect and respond to security threats across their IT infrastructure. The Austin, Texas-based firm was founded in 2011 and went public in 2019.

Salesforce provides enterprise cloud computing solutions. The company offers customer relationship management technology that brings companies and customers together. Its Customer 360 platform helps the group deliver a single source of truth, connecting customer data across systems, apps, and devices to help companies sell, service, market, and conduct commerce. It also offers Service Cloud for customer support, Marketing Cloud for digital marketing campaigns, Commerce Cloud as an e-commerce engine, the Salesforce Platform, which allows enterprises to build applications, and other solutions, such as MuleSoft for data integration.

ServiceNow Inc provides software solutions to structure and automate various business processes via a SaaS delivery model. The company primarily focuses on the IT function for enterprise customers. ServiceNow began with IT service management, expanded within the IT function, and more recently directed its workflow automation logic to functional areas beyond IT, notably customer service, HR service delivery, and security operations. ServiceNow also offers an application development platform as a service.

Adobe provides content creation, document management, and digital marketing and advertising software and services to creative professionals and marketers for creating, managing, delivering, measuring, optimizing, and engaging with compelling content multiple operating systems, devices, and media. The company operates with three segments: digital media content creation, digital experience for marketing solutions, and publishing for legacy products (less than 5% of revenue).

Founded in 2012, Snowflake is a fully managed platform that consolidates data hosted on different public clouds for centralized analytics and governance. Snowflake’s cloud-native architecture allows users to independently scale the compute and storage layers, providing customers with optimized performance at lower costs. The company’s data lake and data warehouse products support a variety of use cases, including business analytics, data engineering, and artificial intelligence. Snowflake is widely used by Fortune 2000 companies in financial services, media, and retail sectors.

Moody’s, along with S&P Ratings, is a leading provider of credit ratings on fixed-income securities. The ratings segment, Moody’s Investors Service, includes corporates, structured finance, financial institutions, and public finance ratings. MIS represents a majority of the firm’s profit and often (depending on bond issuance levels) a majority of the firm's revenue. The other segment, Moody’s Analytics, consists of decision solutions, research and insights, and data and information.

Datadog is a cloud-native company that focuses on analyzing machine data. The firm's product portfolio, delivered via software as a service, enables clients to monitor and analyze their entire information technology infrastructure, from servers to applications and Python scripts. Datadog's platform can ingest and analyze large amounts of machine-generated data in real time, allowing clients to utilize it for a variety of applications throughout their businesses to ensure uptime and latency objectives.

Z.ai is an advanced artificial intelligence platform known for its GLM model series, multimodal creation tools, and cost-efficient agentic coding environments like ZCode. It provides high-performance reasoning, real-time web search capabilities, and versatile utilities for building full-stack applications and data dashboards.

Nebius is a vertically integrated cloud provider focusing on AI and high-performance computing. It is a carve-out of the previous Russian tech firm Yandex, following the Russian sanctions since the Ukraine-Russia war. Nebius designs and operates its own data centers and servers across Europe and the US, with a total capacity of several hundred megawatts. In September 2025, Microsoft became a major Nebius client under a multiyear $17 billion revenue agreement to provide computing capacity.

Founded in 1982, Autodesk is a multinational software company best known for pioneering computer-aided design, or CAD, with its AutoCAD product. Nowadays, Autodesk provides design software for a variety of verticals, including architecture & construction, manufacturing, and media & entertainment. Autodesk products have been used in some of the world's most iconic landmarks, like Burj Khalifa, and well-known movie titles like Avatar.

Constellation Software is an acquirer, manager, and developer of vertical market software, or VMS, businesses globally. VMS differentiates from horizontal software in that it provides mission critical solutions within a specific industry for customers in a particular market. Constellation operates through a decentralized model in which each business operates as its own independent entity. Managers of individual businesses are incentivized to optimize their business for returns on invested capital and revenue growth. Excess cash generated by the individual businesses is repatriated to portfolio managers who focus on allocating as much capital as possible on new acquisitions. As of 2025, Constellation consisted of over 1,000 individual businesses and 64,000 employees.

Workday is a software company that offers human capital management, financial management, and business planning solutions for enterprises. Known for being a cloud-only software provider, Workday was founded in 2005 and is headquartered in Pleasanton, California.

Founded in 2007, MongoDB is a vendor of a document-oriented database that accelerates development processes of new applications. Enterprise customers can choose between the fully managed offering, MongoDB Atlas, or the self-managed version, MongoDB Enterprise Advanced. MongoDB is a popular tool among developers, and its free Community Server has recorded over 500 million downloads since 2009.

Dassault Systèmes is a leading provider of computer-assisted design and product lifecycle management software, serving customers like Boeing and Volkswagen throughout the production process. The company’s flagship product, Catia, primarily serves the transportation, industrial equipment, and aerospace and defense industries. In life sciences, Dassault’s Medidata cloud platform optimizes clinical trial efficiency and is the leader in electronic data capture.

Range Intelligent Computing Technology Group Co Ltd is catering to the application needs of big data, cloud computing, Internet of Things, 5G technology, and other industries, based on computing power, digital technology as a means, and intelligent applications as a demonstration, providing a new generation of digital economy industry technology, products, services and system solutions for various industries.

Iflytek Co Ltd is a China-based company, principally engaged in the software and information technology (IT) service businesses. The company’s business includes intelligent application systems, software for voice and speech recognition and conversion, computer software design services, and computer programming services. The company's main products include AI language learning products, AI learning machines, AI diagnosis and treatment assistant products, smart medical devices, the iFLYTEK Hearing Smart Conference System, the iFLYTEK Spark App, the iFLYTEK Smart Office Book, the iFLYTEK Translator, and others.

Tempus AI Inc is a technology company. It has built the Tempus Platform, which comprises both a technology platform to free healthcare data from silos and an operating system to make the resulting data useful. Its Intelligent Diagnostics use AI, including generative AI, to make laboratory tests more accurate, tailored, and personal.

UiPath Inc offers an end-to-end cross-application enterprise automation platform principally with computer vision technology and user interface automations in its initial RPA offering, which remains the foundation of the platform. The platform leverages a range of automation technologies including robotic process automation, application programming interface, and artificial intelligence. UiPath’s solution can automate a broad range of repetitive tasks across industries including claims processing, employee onboarding, invoice to cash, loan applications, and customer service.

SenseTime Group Inc is a software company focused on creating an AI-empowered future through innovation. The company develops software & hardware products for different industry verticals and use cases based on the same AI infrastructure platform & model training framework. The principal activities of the Group are the sale of AI software, the sale of AI software platforms & related services, the sale of AI software-embedded hardware and related services, AIDC service as well as research and development activities with AI technology. The Company is domiciled in the Cayman Islands while the Group mainly operates its businesses in four geographical areas of the world Mainland China, Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, and others, out of which the majority is from Mainland China.

Mobility Global Inc provides mobility data, analytics, and related technology solutions across the vehicle lifecycle. Its portfolio includes CARFAX, automotiveMastermind, Polk Automotive Solutions, and Market Scan, which provide data, forecasting, insights, and technology solutions to automakers, suppliers, dealer groups, media companies, financial institutions, and consumers.

Topicus com Inc is engaged in the development, installation, and customization of vertical market software and the provision of related professional services and support for customers across several diverse markets, mainly in Europe. Its revenue consists mainly of software license fees, maintenance and other recurring fees, professional service fees, and hardware sales. Geographically, the company generates maximum revenue from its business in the Netherlands, and the rest from other markets.

Presight AI Holding PLC provides digital transformation services through big data analytics powered by artificial intelligence. It combines analytics, big data and AI expertise to serve every sector of every scale, to create business and societal value. The group’s world-class omni-analytics platform, TAQ, leverages big data and analytics to deliver cutting-edge Al technology, enabling forecasting and the anticipation of outcomes to support insight-driven, decision making that shapes policy and delivers societal impact.

Founded in 2002, Tenable is a cybersecurity company that began providing vulnerability management solutions under its Nessus software. In recent years, Tenable has expanded its portfolio to provide a broader range of exposure management modules. Solutions include cloud security and compliance, active directory management, operational technology security and advanced vulnerability analytics. The Maryland-based company went public in 2018.

Thunder Software Technology Co Ltd is a China-based smart device operating system and platform technology provider. It provides smart device operating system solutions to consumers as well as enterprises. The company offers solutions for smartphones, tablets, smart TVs, camera solutions, mobile device management systems, application development platforms, and mobile security solutions. In addition, it also offers services such as carrier certification, Android OS upgrade, application development and maintenance, OS customization, and others.

XtalPi Holdings Ltd is an research platform company powered by artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics. It is dedicated to driving intelligent and digital transformation in the life sciences and materials sciences sectors. The company combines quantum physics, AI, cloud computing, and large-scale robotics to provide research & development solutions, services, and products for pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, renewable energy, and materials industries globally. The company has single segment that is intelligent robotics solutions and drug discovery solutions (including one-stop drug discovery solutions).

CorVel Corp applies technology including artificial intelligence, machine learning, and natural language processing to enhance the managing of episodes of care and the related health care costs. It partners with employers, third-party administrators, insurance companies, and government agencies in managing worker's compensation and health, auto, and liability services. The company's solutions combine integrated technologies with a human touch providing services that include claims management, bill review, preferred provider networks, utilization management, case management, pharmacy services, directed care, and medicare services.

Pateo Connect Technology (Shanghai) Corp is a smart cockpit solution provider in China. The company is a integrated IoV service provider offering active safety systems, automotive electronics, low-level automotive software, intelligent operating system (OS), application software, domestic & international Internet automobile ecosystem, mobile phone connectivity, communications operation, TSP platform development & operation services, cloud computing, big data, content services integration & operation, map engine software & cloud architecture, embedded voice & cloud platform solutions, to AI (Artificial Intelligence).

Shenzhen Intellifusion Technologies Co Ltd is engaged in providing customers with self-developed core products such as algorithm software and chips with artificial intelligence algorithms and chip technology as the core products. The company’s products include chip products; modules and cards; and IP licensing and customization services.

Fermi Inc develops next-generation private electric grids that deliver redundant power at gigawatt scale to support next-generation intelligence and AI compute. It combines cutting-edge technology with a deep bench of world-class, multidisciplinary leaders with a combined 25 GW of experience to create one of the world's 17 GW next-gen private grids, helping ensure America's energy and AI dominance. The behind-the-meter Project Matador campus is expected to integrate the nation's combined-cycle natural gas project, one of the clean, new nuclear power complexes in America, utility grid power, solar power, and battery energy storage, to support hyperscale AI and computing.

SoundHound AI Inc is an innovator of conversational intelligence, offering an independent Voice AI platform that enables businesses across industries to deliver high-quality conversational experiences to customers. The company's voice AI delivers speed and accuracy in numerous languages to product creators and service providers across retail, financial services, healthcare, automotive, smart devices, and restaurants via groundbreaking AI-driven products like Smart Answering, Smart Ordering, Dynamic Drive-Thru, and Amelia AI Agents.

Liftoff Mobile Inc is a growth and monetization engine built for the mobile app economy. Its AI-powered platform, Cortex, unifies marketing, creative, and monetization to deliver measurable performance at scale across the app lifecycle. Liftoff enables advertisers to unlock profitable user growth while helping app publishers maximize revenue with ad monetization technology. It delivers tools for user acquisition, engagement, and analytics for mobile apps, along with solutions for agencies and marketers to scale brand and performance campaigns. Additional offerings include access to audiences through SDK-direct publishers and premium ad placements, game intelligence tools through GameRefinery, and resources for building and scaling performance-driven ad creative.

Infleqtion Inc develops and commercializes neutral atom-based quantum technology products through an integrated platform. Its offerings include quantum sensing, quantum computing, and related software solutions. The company's technologies are deployed across sectors such as defense and security, artificial intelligence, energy optimization, space applications, materials research, and cybersecurity. Its platform integrates core quantum technologies with hardware and proprietary software based on neutral atom systems.

Intsig Information Co Ltd is an industry-leading tech company specializing in business data, artificial intelligence, and mobile applications. It is engaged in providing digital and intelligent products and services to global C-end users and B-end customers in diverse industries. INTSIG focuses mainly on Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technologies and currently holds over 110 global invention patents. Its products support more than 50 languages and can recognize many types of documents, including business cards, IDs, bank cards, and transactional documents such as invoices, receipts, packing lists contracts, etc. It also provides integrated OCR+Data+AI solutions that deliver competitive advantages in various industries, including manufacturing, banking, retail, securities, etc.

Beijing Haizhi Technology Group Co Ltd focuses on developing intelligent agent technologies and artificial intelligence solutions based on graph computing and model integration technologies. Its products are used in finance, energy, manufacturing, transportation, healthcare, and public services. The company operates as a high-technology enterprise principally engaged in provision of: (i) Atlas graph solutions, which include a data management and computing platform, a knowledge graph platform, and a graph database based on graph computing and data analysis technologies; and (ii) Atlas AI agent solutions developed using graph and large language model integration technology. The majority of the revenue is derived from the Atlas Graph Solutions.

Ncino Inc is a provider of cloud-based software for financial institutions. Its software solution digitizes, automates, and streamlines inefficient and complex processes & workflows and utilizes data analytics & artificial intelligence that enables financial institutions to onboard new clients, make loans, and manage the entire loan life cycle, open deposits, and other accounts, and manage regulatory compliance. It also offers professional services, including configuration & implementation, training, and advisory services. The company generates the majority of its revenue from subscription services. The company caters to financial institutions, enterprise banks, regional banks, community banks, and credit unions. The vast majority of its revenue comes from the United States.

WeRide Inc operates in the autonomous driving industry. The company has developed a universal autonomous driving technology platform that integrates full-stack software algorithms, modularized hardware solutions, and a cloud-based infrastructure platform. The company provides autonomous driving products and services from L2 to L4 vehicles. The products of the company includes Robotaxi, Robobus, Robovan, Robosweeper, and others. The company earns its revenue from the People's Republic of China.

Beijing Zhongke WengeAI Science and Technology Co Ltd is an AI technology and service provider in China, specializing in complex data analytics and AI-assisted decision-making. The company develops critical AI capabilities, offering a portfolio of full-stack AI services. Its services include data governance, domain knowledge management, large language and multimodal model development, decision automation, evaluation solutions, and low-code AI application development. The company provides AI-based solutions to organizations across sectors including public services, media and communications, and commercial enterprises. The majority of the company's revenue is derived from the provision of AI services to its clients in the Chinese Mainland.

TRS Information Technology Co Ltd is a provider of artificial intelligence and big data technology and data services in China. The core business of a company includes software product development, industry application solutions and data analysis and mining cloud services, covering big data management, information security, Internet marketing and artificial intelligence.

C3.ai Inc is an enterprise artificial intelligence company. The company provides software-as-a-service applications that enable customers to rapidly develop, deploy, and operate large-scale Enterprise AI applications across any infrastructure. It provides solutions under three divisions namely, The C3 AI Platform, which is an end-to-end application development and runtime environment for designing, developing, and deploying AI applications: C3 AI Applications, which is a portfolio of pre-built, extensible, industry-specific, and application-specific Enterprise AI applications: and C3 Generative AI, which combines the utility of large language models. Geographically the company derives revenue from North America, Europe, the Middle East and Africa, Asia Pacific, and the Rest of the World.

Shenzhen Ysstech Info-tech Co Ltd is a professional financial industry system solutions provider. The industry it serves include banks, fund companies, securities companies, insurance companies, trust companies, money management firms.

KPIT Technologies Ltd is a technology company that provides embedded software for the Automobile and Mobility industry. The company provides solutions for autonomous driving, connected vehicles, vehicle engineering and design, electric and conventional powertrains, and integrated diagnostics. Geographically, the company generates maximum revenue from the United Kingdom and Europe, and the rest from the Americas and the Rest of the world.

Fractal Analytics Ltd is engaged in the business of providing products and/or services relating to conversational AI solutions that enable automated, human-like conversations between organisations and people. The company operates through two business segments: (i) Fractal.ai, which provides AI services and products to develop customized solutions for client-specific use cases across industry-specific and cross-industry applications, and (ii) Fractal Alpha, which includes AI-related business activities. Through these segments, the company serves clients across various industries and business functions. The majority of the company's revenue is derived from the Fractal.ai segment. Geographically, it operates in the United States of America, Europe and APAC & Others.

Pci Technology Group Co Ltd provides artificial intelligence technology and products in China. It also offers face recognition, video structuring, knowledge mapping, big data technology and service to its clients.

BigBear.ai Holdings Inc is a technology-led solutions organization, that provides both software and services to its customers. Its AI-powered decision intelligence solutions are leveraged in three markets; supply chains & logistics, autonomous systems, and cybersecurity. It operates in two segments; Cyber & Engineering segment and Analytics segment. Company generate revenue by providing customers with Edge AI-powered decision intelligence solutions and services for data ingestion, data enrichment, data processing, artificial intelligence, machine learning, predictive analytics and predictive visualization. It generate revenue from providing both software and services to customers.

Zwsoft Co Ltd (Guangzhou) is a reliable and innovative engineering software provider with its flagship products ZWCAD, ZW3D, and ZWSim.

Shandong Extreme Vision Technology Co Ltd is an AI computer vision solution provider in China, delivering end-to-end solution development, deployment and management services to enterprises across diverse industries. It specializes in delivering AI computer vision solutions and large model solutions to enterprises: AI Computer Vision Solutions, Large Model Solutions. Computer vision solution, as a vital branch of AI solution, is a technological solution that simulates the human visual system to enable computers to extract information from images or videos and analyze, make decisions and interact based on this information.

Arcs Co Ltd is a Japan-based company principally engaged in the supermarket business. The company also operates other businesses through subsidiaries, including tourism, building maintenance, real estate leasing, property and casualty insurance and life insurance agency, wholesale, food manufacturing, industrial and general waste collection, and construction businesses. The supermarket segment offers a broad range of merchandise, including foods, apparel, and housing-related products.