Berkosan Valuation Multiples

CRH is a global building materials group headquartered in Dublin, Ireland and New York, which moved its primary stock listing to the New York Stock Exchange in June 2023. It was formed on 20 October 1970 through the merger of Cement Limited and Roadstone Limited and listed on the Irish Stock Exchange in 1973. It operates through CRH Americas, covering materials and building solutions across 48 US states and 7 Canadian provinces, and CRH International, with operations in Europe, Australia and the Philippines, from about 3,961 locations in 28 countries. For 2025 it reported revenue of US$37.4 billion and net income of US$3.75 billion with about 83,000 employees, and it earns revenue from aggregates, cement, asphalt, ready-mixed concrete and building products. Its acquisitions include the EUR 6.5 billion Lafarge and Holcim assets in 2015, which included Tarmac in the UK, and Ash Grove Cement for US$3.5 billion in 2018. Jim Mintern is chief executive.

Holcim is a manufacturer of Building Materials and Building Solutions that are used across the built environment, from infrastructure and industry to buildings. Over 50% of group sales are generated in Europe, with its largest markets being France, UK, Mexico and Australia. Holcim's low-carbon brands, ECOPact and ECOPlanet, account for over one-third of its cement and concrete sales.

UltraTech Cement Ltd produces and sells cement and cement-related products. The company generates the vast majority of its revenue in India. The company's product portfolio includes Ordinary Portland cement, Portland blast-furnace slag cement, and Portland Pozzolana cement. Ordinary Portland cement is used for a wide range of applications including concrete products, masonry, and plastering. The firm's customers are in the building and construction industries. Geographically, it operates in India as well as in other countries, of which India derives key revenue.

Martin Marietta Materials is one of the United States' largest producer of construction aggregates (crushed stone, sand, and gravel). In 2024, Martin Marietta sold 191 million tons of aggregates. Martin Marietta's most important markets include Texas, North Carolina, Colorado, California, and Georgia, accounting for most of its sales. The company also uses its aggregates in its asphalt and ready-mixed concrete businesses. Martin’s magnesia specialties business produces magnesia-based chemical products and dolomitic lime.

Vulcan Materials is the largest producer of construction aggregates in the US. The company produced around 228 million tons of aggregates in 2025 and has 16.6 billion tons of proven and probable reserves, equivalent to roughly 83 years of supply at current production levels. Over the past several years, Vulcan has increasingly focused its portfolio on aggregates while reducing its exposure to downstream businesses such as ready-mix concrete and asphalt. The company operates across 23 US states, with additional operations in Mexico.

Heidelberg Materials is one of the world’s largest building materials companies, with operations in 60 countries. Its core activities include the production of cement and aggregates, which are used to construct houses, infrastructure, and commercial facilities. The sale of cement and aggregates accounts for the majority of group revenue and profits. Europe is the company’s largest market contributing nearly half of group sales. Heidelberg Materials is listed in Germany and has 55,000 employees.

Coca-Cola Femsa, a subsidiary of Femsa, is the largest franchise bottler of Coca-Cola in volume terms. The company purchases beverage concentrates and syrup from Coca-Cola, which it then processes and packages for distribution through modern trade, traditional trade, and the on-premises channel. Mexico and Brazil make up 80% of the total volume and sales, with the rest from other Central and South American countries, including Panama, Guatemala, Uruguay, and Argentina. Femsa and Coca-Cola hold 47% and 28% economic interests in Coca-Cola Femsa through nonpublicly traded A and D shares, respectively, while controlling 56% and 33% of the voting power.

Smurfit WestRock manufactures corrugated packaging and consumer packaging, such as folding cartons and paperboard. After the merger of Smurfit Kappa and WestRock in summer 2024, Smurfit WestRock became the largest producer of containerboard in the world, with substantial operations in North America, South America, and Europe.

Grasim Industries Ltd is a cement and viscose staple fibre (VSF) manufacturing firm based in India. The activities of the group fall under the operating segments of Cellulosic Fibres, Chemicals, Building materials, Financial Services, and Others. It derives key revenue from the Building materials segment which covers products like grey cement, paints, white cement, and allied products. Geographically, the company derives a majority of its revenue from the domestic market and the rest from other countries through exports.

Amrize is a building solutions company focused exclusively on the North American market. Amrize earns revenue from the sale of cement, aggregates, ready-mix concrete, asphalt, roofing systems, and other building solutions. The company is organized into two reportable segments: building materials and building envelope. The building materials business consists of Amrize’s cement, aggregates, ready-mix concrete, and asphalt operations. The building envelope segment offers advanced roofing and wall systems, including single-ply membranes, insulation, shingles, sheathing, waterproofing, and protective coatings, along with adhesives, tapes, and sealants.

Packaging Corp. of America is the third-largest containerboard and corrugated packaging manufacturer in the United States. It produces over 5 million tons of containerboard annually. The company's share of the domestic containerboard market is roughly 10%. PCA differentiates itself from larger competitors by focusing on smaller customers and operating with a high degree of flexibility.

Amcor is a global producer of plastic packaging primarily for the fast-moving consumer goods industry. About 90% of earnings are exposed to the flexible packaging business. This is soft disposable plastic for a variety of food, drink, healthcare, and hygiene products. The remainder of earnings are from the Latin and North American rigids business, which is primarily beverage bottling for the soft drink industry. Operating in more than 35 countries, Amcor has market share in its established regions of North America, Latin America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific. About half of group sales are derived from North America and the remainder is split equally between Western Europe and emerging markets. Australia and New Zealand sales make up less than 5% of group sales.

International Paper manufactures packaging products and cellulose fibers. It accounts for roughly one-third of the North American corrugated packaging market. The company also has a substantial presence in Europe following its acquisition of DS Smith. International Paper serves a variety of end markets, including industrial, consumer products, and manufacturing.

Ball is the world's largest metal can manufacturer with market share over 30% in its three main regions (North America, Europe, and South America). The company is focused on increasing capacity amid a wave of new developed-market demand, while also investing in faster-growing emerging-market economies. Ball spun-off its glass jar business in 1993 and is now owned by Newell. The company reports three segments-beverage packaging, North and Central America (48% of 2025 revenue), beverage packaging, EMEA (30%), beverage packaging, South America (16%)-and it generated $13 billion in revenue in 2025.

James Hardie is a manufacturer of fiber cement-based building products, selling primarily to the residential construction industry. North America is the primary geography, generating about 80% of group earnings. Here, it is the largest manufacturer of fiber cement, which is mainly used for exterior siding on houses. Following the Azek acquisition in 2025, it also produces wooden composite decking materials, siding trims, and accessories for outdoor areas, including stair and deck railing. Businesses in Australia, New Zealand, and Europe make up the rest of its earnings.

Cemex SAB de CV is a ready-mix concrete company that mainly engaged in activities that are oriented to the construction industry, mainly through the production, marketing, sale, and distribution of cement, ready-mix concrete, aggregates, urbanization solutions, and other construction materials and also provide related services and reliable construction-related services to customers and communities and maintain business relationships in more than 60 countries throughout the world. The company operates in different parts of the world, with operations in Mexico, the United States, the EMEA region and the SCA&C region.

Avery Dennison Corp provides materials science and digital identification solutions, offering labeling and functional materials, RFID inlays and tags, software connecting physical and digital, and products that enhance packaging and customer experience. Serving industries including retail, apparel, e-commerce, logistics, food, pharmaceuticals, and automotive it operates through two reportable segments: Materials Group, which manufactures and sells pressure-sensitive label materials, graphics, reflective products, performance tapes, and other adhesive solutions, and earns the majority of revenue; and Solutions Group, which provides brand and price tickets, tags, labels with RFID inlays, and related services, supplies, and equipment.

Anhui Conch Cement mainly engages in the production and sale of cement, clinker, and concrete in China. The company was established in 1997 and headquartered in Anhui province. With annual cement production capacity of over 400 million metric tons in 2024, the firm is the second-largest cement manufacturer in China. Sales of self-produced products contribute to about 80% of its revenue, with the remainder mainly from the trading business and service income.

Crown Holdings is one of the world's largest producers of metal packaging. The company manufactures beverage cans, metal food cans, and closures as well as aerosol cans. With the purchase of Signode, the company also has a presence in a wide variety of protective transport packaging. Although it's headquartered in the United States, the vast majority of Crown's sales come from its operations in Europe, South America, and Southeast Asia.

CCL Industries Inc manufactures and sells packaging and packaging-related products. The company operates through various segments, which include The CCL segment, which generates the majority of revenue, and sells pressure-sensitive and extruded film materials used for labels on consumer packaging, healthcare, automotive, and consumer durable products. The Avery segment sells software, labels, tags, dividers, badges, and specialty card products under the Avery brand. The Checkpoint segment includes the manufacturing and selling of technology-driven, inventory management and labeling solutions. Innovia segment manufactures specialty films. Its geographical segments include Canada; USA and Puerto Rico; Mexico, Brazil, Chile, and Argentina; Europe; and Asia, Australia, Africa, and New Zealand.

Posco Future M is in the business of coal chemistry and carbon materials. Its key business includes refractory manufacture and sale, furnace construction and maintenance, lime business, environmental business, comprehensive chemicals, carbon materials, and secondary battery anode materials, among others. The group operates in two segments: Basic Materials Division, which includes Refractory Business, Lime Mars Business, and Energy Materials Division, which includes the manufacture and sale of cathode and cathode materials. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Energy Materials Division.

Ambuja Cements Ltd manufactures and sells cement, concrete, and cement-related products to the building and construction industries. The company's portfolio of products includes Portland Pozolona cement and ordinary Portland cement. The vast majority of the firm's revenue is generated in India. Ambuja Cements has operations throughout India and uses a network of ports, bulk cement terminals, captive ships, and railroads to transport its products to both warehouses and directly to customers. The company also has a technical services team that partners with customers to teach concrete mixing and curing techniques.

BlueScope is an Australia-based steelmaker with five business units. The Australian steel products segment mainly specializes in branded coated and painted flat steel products, sold domestically. North Star is the group’s US minimill, specializing in the production of hot rolled coil for US construction and automotive sectors. Building products Asia operates across Southeast Asia, China, and India, and the US building and coated products North America is involved in metal coating and painting, and the supply to nonresidential construction projects using BlueScope’s materials. New Zealand steel and the Pacific Islands business produces flat and long steel products for New Zealand and building components for the Pacific Islands.

Shree Cement Ltd manufactures and sells cement and cement-related products to the building and construction industries. It derives revenue from cement, clinker, and power sales, of which cement products contribute majorly to the revenue. The cement products are offered under the brands Shree Jung Rodhak and Bangur. Geographically, the company's majority of the revenue is generated within India.

Buzzi is an Italian cement and ready-mix concrete producer headquartered in Casale Monferrato, listed on the Milan stock exchange. It operates in Italy, the United States, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, Poland, Brazil, Mexico, the United Arab Emirates and other markets. In 2025 consolidated net sales were EUR 4,518.8 million and net profit was EUR 924.1 million, with hydraulic binder sales of 31.9 million tons and ready-mix concrete sales of 9.9 million cubic meters. The Buzzi family holds about 53 percent through Presa and Fimedi. Recent steps include full control of its Brazilian joint venture NCPAR in October 2024, a controlling stake in Gulf Cement Company in the United Arab Emirates in 2025, and a 25 percent stake in Alpacem Zement Austria with the sale of the Fanna plant in February 2025. S&P rates the company BBB+.

Diversified chemicals maker with three main segments: fluorochemicals and refrigerant gases, specialty chemicals for agrochemical and pharma customers, and packaging films and technical textiles such as tyre cord fabric. Sells to industrial customers in India and abroad. Headquartered in Gurugram.

Dai Nippon Printing Co Ltd operates in various business areas using its printing and information technologies. The company operates in the following segments: Life & Healthcare, Electronics, and Smart Communication. Its key revenue is derived from the Smart Communication segment, which includes the imaging communication business, focusing on photo printing, the Information Security business, providing business process outsourcing (BPO) and smart card services, and content & XR communication. The Life & Healthcare segment includes its mobility and industrial high-performance materials business, bulk pharmaceutical manufacturing and medical packaging, and the packaging, living spaces, and beverages businesses. Electronics focuses on functional films, display components, and others.

BUA Cement PLC is engaged in the manufacturing and sale of cement to the general public. The company generates revenue from the sale of bagged cement and sale of bulk cement. Geographically the company generates the majority of its revenue in Nigeria.

SIG Group AG is a systems and solutions provider for aseptic carton packaging solutions, comprising filling machines, sleeves, and closures as well as after-market services. Its geographical segments include Europe; India, Middle East and Africa (IMEA); Asia Pacific (APAC) and Americas. It generates maximum revenue from the Europe segment. The company offers packaging solutions for the beverages and food industry.

Huaxin Building Materials Group Co Ltd is engaged in the manufacture and sale of cement, concrete, clinker, aggregates, and other building materials. Its business is divided into segments, with the Domestic segment generating the majority of revenue and covering the production and sale of cement, concrete, aggregates, clinker, and other construction materials within China. The Overseas segment includes similar activities outside China, focusing on the production and sale of these building materials in international markets.

Rockwool AS manufactures and sells building materials, including insulation and roofing systems. The company organizes itself into two segments based on the product: Insulation and Systems. The Insulation segment, sells building, industrial, and technical insulation and external thermal insulation wall systems to the construction industry. The Systems business sells acoustic ceilings and wall systems, external cladding systems, horticultural substrate solutions, engineered fiber solutions, and noise and vibration control to the construction and automotive industries. The majority of revenue is from the Insulation Segment. The majority of sales come from Europe.

Largest maker of structural steel tubes in India, selling hollow sections and pipes for construction, infrastructure and engineering use under the Apollo brand through dealers. Plants across several Indian states. Headquartered in the Delhi NCR (Ghaziabad).

TCC Group Holdings Co Ltd engages in the manufacturing and marketing of cement, cement-related products and ready-mixed concrete. The majority of revenue comes from Taiwan and the rest from Asia and Europe.

Valmet Oyj is a Finland-based company that supplies technologies, automation solutions, and other services to customers in the pulp, paper, packaging, tissue, and energy industries. The company operates in two segments; Biomaterial Solutions and Services, covering pulp, energy, circularity, packaging, paper, and tissue; and Process Performance Solutions, focusing on flow control and automation technologies. The company generates maximum revenue from the Biomaterial Solutions and Services segment. At the transaction date, the organisation operated in Packaging & Containers, Paper & Forest Products and participated through the products, services, assets or investment capabilities described in the cited materials. It served B2B customers, users or counterparties through those activities. Its commercial model generated revenue through product sales and services and subscription, supported by sector expertise, operating execution and customer relationships. The business depended on its people, technology, physical assets, regulatory position or investment capital as appropriate to the sector. This profile identifies the legal or operating participant in the historical transaction and preserves that identity where a later merger, disposal, delisting or reorganisation changed the company’s name or ownership.

Eagle Materials Inc produces and sells construction products and building materials. Construction products include cement, slag, concrete, and aggregates and building materials include cement and gypsum wallboard, and are sold to the construction and building industries. The firm organizes itself into two sectors: Heavy Materials, which includes the Cement and Concrete and Aggregates segments, and Light Materials, which includes the Gypsum Wallboard and Recycled Paperboard segments.

ShenZhen YUTO Packaging Technology Co Ltd is engaged in Research & Development, design, production and sales of paper printing and packaging products.

Sanwa Holdings Corp is a Japan-based company engaged in producing and selling construction materials for buildings and commercial facilities. The company also provides maintenance and renovation services. Its products include condominium doors, window shutters, exterior products, garage doors, operators, and hinge doors for residential buildings; and heavy-duty shutters, steel doors, partitions, stainless steel products, overhead doors, automatic doors, truck/trailer doors, and industrial doors for non-residential buildings. The company operates in Japan, North America, and Europe.

Reynolds Consumer Products Inc is a provider of household products. The firm is engaged in the production and sales of cooking products, waste and storage products, and tableware. It operates through four reportable segments namely, Reynolds Cooking and Baking, Hefty Waste and Storage, Hefty Tableware, and Presto Products. Reynolds Cooking and Baking segment produce branded and store brand aluminum foil, disposable aluminum pans, parchment paper, freezer paper, wax paper, butcher paper, plastic wrap, baking cups, oven bags and slow cooker liners.

Over its 100-year-plus history, Sonoco Products has steadily assembled a diverse portfolio of industrial and consumer packaging product offerings such as flexible and rigid plastics, reels and spools, pallets, and composite cans. The company serves a variety of consumer and industrial end markets throughout North America. Sonoco has raised its dividend each year for more than 40 years.

Xinyi Glass Holdings Ltd is engaged in the production and sales of float glass products, automobile glass products, construction glass products, and a variety of related products in the PRC and Malaysia. Its product portfolio comprises clear glass, glass for windshields, heating glass, laminated glass, heat-reflective coated glass, and others. The company's operating segments are Float glass, Automobile glass, and Architectural glass. A majority of its revenue is generated from the Float glass segment, which offers clear glass, F-green glass, and European gray glass. Geographically, the company generates maximum revenue from Greater China, and the rest from other regions like Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Africa, the Middle East, Central America, North and South America.

Plastic products maker with large lines in piping systems, packaging films, moulded furniture, crates and industrial components. It sells through distributors to construction, farm and industrial customers. Headquartered in Mumbai.

Silgan Holdings manufactures about half of the metal food containers in North America. Its major customers include Campbell Soup, Nestle, and Del Monte. Silgan's other business segments include plastic dispensers and containers for personal and healthcare products and a closures business that manufactures metal and plastic lids and caps.

Cementos Argos SA is a cement-producing company. In terms of the concrete and cement business, it is Colombia's key producer and one of the key producers in the sector across Central America and the Caribbean. The company's corporate purpose is the exploitation of the cement industry, the production of concrete mixes and any other materials or items made of cement, lime or clay, the acquisition and exploitation of minerals or deposits of exploitable minerals in the cement industry, and similar rights to explore and mine the aforementioned minerals, whether by concession, privilege, lease or other title. Its operating segments are: Colombia, which generates maximum revenue, the Caribbean, Central America, Trading, and Corporate and others.

Cement and wall putty maker with grey and white cement capacity in north, central and south India. It sells through dealers to home builders and construction customers. Headquartered in Kanpur, with corporate office in New Delhi.

Toyo Seikan Group Holdings Ltd is a Japan-based packaging container manufacturer. The company operates through six segments. The Engineering, Filling, and Logistics segment handles packaging equipment, contract filling, and cargo transport. The Functional Materials segment covers aluminum substrates, optical films, pigments, frit, and gelcoats. The Packaging Container segment produces metal, plastic, paper, and glass containers. The Real Estate segment focuses on leasing office buildings and commercial facilities. The Steel Plate segment manufactures and sells steel plates and related products. The Others segment includes automotive press dies, rigid combiners, and non-life insurance agency services. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Packaging container business segment.

Grupo Argos SA is a holding company with businesses spanning multiple industries including cement, energy, highway and airport construction, port operations, real estate, and coal. The Cement segment, which generates the majority of revenue, has a majority ownership stake in Cementos Argos, which manufactures and sells cement, concrete, and cement-related products in multiple countries throughout the Americas. The Energy segment has a majority ownership stake in a company named Celsia, which generates and sells gas, thermal energy, and hydroelectric energy throughout Central and South America.

Mitsui Chemicals Inc manufactures and sells a variety of chemicals, plastics, and chemical-based products. The firm organizes itself into four segments. The Basic & Green Materials segment provides ethylene, propylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, catalysts, phenols, PTA, PET resins, polyurethane, and industrial chemicals. The ICT Solutions segment supplies semiconductors, electronic components, process and optical materials, and battery-related materials. The Life & Healthcare Solutions segment covers vision care, nonwovens, oral and personal care materials, and agricultural chemicals. The Mobility Solutions segment offers elastomers, functional compounds, polypropylene compounds, and automotive-related products, while Others include related businesses.

Asia Cement Corp manufactures and sells cement, concrete, and cement-related products to the construction and building industries, and engages in leasing activities. The company is also required to undertake reforestation activities in designated areas. Asia Cement's product portfolio includes Portland cement types I and II, cement clinker, ready-mix concrete, furnace powder, and plaster among others. Its reportable segments are as follows: Cement which derives key revenue, Electric Power, Investment, Engineering, Transportation, Stainless Steel, and Leasing. The majority of the company's revenue comes from Taiwan and China.