Option Valuation Multiples

Samsung Electronics is a diversified electronics conglomerate that manufactures and sells a wide range of products including smartphones, televisions, home appliances, telecommunications network equipment, as well as electronic and device components such as semiconductors and flat panel displays. Samsung is the world's largest manufacturer of smartphones and televisions as well as memory semiconductor products. The Manufacturing and sale of mobile phones and semiconductors make up >70% of both the company’s revenue as well as its profit.

Cisco Systems is the largest provider of networking equipment in the world and one of the largest software companies in the world. Its largest businesses are selling networking hardware and software (where it has leading market shares) and cybersecurity software such as firewalls. It also has collaboration products, like its Webex suite, and observability tools. It primarily outsources its manufacturing to third parties and has a large sales and marketing staff—25,000 strong across 90 countries. Overall, Cisco employs 80,000 people and sells its products globally.

Arista Networks is a networking equipment provider that primarily sells Ethernet switches and software to data centers. Its marquee product is its extensible operating system that runs a single image across every single one of its devices. The firm operates as one reportable segment. It has steadily gained market share since its founding in 2004, with a focus on high-speed applications. Arista counts Microsoft and Meta Platforms as its largest customers and derives roughly three-fourths of its sales from North America.

Amphenol is a global supplier of connectors, sensors, and interconnect systems. It holds the second-largest connector market share globally and sells into the automotive, broadband, commercial air, industrial, IT and data communications, military, mobile devices, and mobile networks end markets. Amphenol is diversified geographically, with operations in 40 countries.

Foxconn Industrial Internet Co Ltd is engaged in the design, research and development, manufacturing, and sales of various electronic equipment products. The company's main products include communications network equipment, cloud service equipment, precision tools, and industrial robots.

Eoptolink Technology Inc Ltd is engaged in the research & development, production, and sales of optical modules. The company's main products include point-to-point optical modules; and passive optical network optical modules.

Lumentum Holdings Inc is a California-based technology firm. The company provides two types of optical and photonic products: optical components that are used in telecommunications networking equipment, and commercial lasers for manufacturing, inspection, and life-science lab uses. Its segments are Optical Communications and Commercial Lasers. The firm is also expanding into new optical applications, such as 3-D sensing laser diode for consumer electronics. It generates maximum revenue from the OpComms segment. The OpComms segment products include a wide range of components, modules, and subsystems to support customers including carrier networks for access (local), metro (intracity), long-haul, and submarine (undersea) applications.

Motorola Solutions is a leading provider of communications and analytics, primarily serving public safety departments as well as schools, hospitals, and businesses. The bulk of the firm's revenue comes from sales of land mobile radios and radio network infrastructure, but the firm also sells surveillance equipment, dispatch software, and other networking capabilities. Most of Motorola's revenue comes from government agencies, while roughly 25% comes from schools and private businesses. Motorola has customers in over 100 countries and in every state in the United States.

Hewlett Packard Enterprise is an information technology vendor that provides hardware and software to enterprises. Its primary product lines are compute servers, storage arrays, and networking equipment; it also has a high-performance computing business. HPE's stated goal is to be a complete edge-to-cloud company. Its portfolio enables hybrid clouds and hyperconverged infrastructure.

TE Connectivity is the largest electrical connector supplier in the world, supplying interconnect and sensor solutions to the transportation, industrial, and communications markets. With operations in 150 countries and over 500,000 stock-keeping units, TE has a broad portfolio that forms the electrical architecture of its end customers' cutting-edge innovations.

Nokia provides telecom equipment and services that are used to build wireless and fixed-line networks. It operates in four segments. The mobile networks segment sells equipment and services to telecom carriers to power public wireless networks. Network infrastructure focuses on fixed-line networks, including switching and routing equipment, optical components, and devices used in fiber-to-the-premises networks. The cloud and network services segment develops software used to operate the core of carrier wireless networks and build private networks for enterprises. Nokia also has a sizable research and patent business, where it licenses technology used by handset providers, consumer electronics firms, and other firms making electronic and Internet of Things products.

Fujikura Ltd is a Japan-based company mainly engaged in the manufacturing and sales of telecommunication and other electronics equipment. The company operates through five segments. The Automotive division covers wiring harnesses and electrical components. The Electronics division provides printed wiring boards, electronic wires, connectors, and hard disk components. The Energy division includes power and communication cables, aluminum, and coated wires. The Information and Communication division offers optical fibers, cables, components, equipment, network solutions, and construction services. The Real Estate division engages in leasing. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Information and Communication Business Division segment.

Ciena is a telecommunications equipment provider focused on optical transport technologies, with clients in a number of industries such as communication services providers, web-scale providers, cable operators, government, and large enterprises worldwide. The company provides equipment, software, and services that support transport, switching, aggregation, service delivery, and data traffic management.

Prysmian SpA is an Italian manufacturer of electric power transmission and telecommunications cables and systems. Its business is organized in three segments--Projects, which focuses on the execution of underground and submarine cable projects; Energy Products, which provides power distribution, and industrial and network components; and Telecom, which makes cable systems and connectivity products. More than half of the firm's revenue is generated in the Europe, Middle East, and Africa regions, with the rest coming from North America, Latin America, and Asia-Pacific regions.

Suzhou TFC Optical Communications Co Ltd is engaged in High-end passive component total solutions and high-speed optical component packaging OEM solutions.

Accton Technology Corp develops, manufactures and sells high-quality products for computer network systems and wireless land area network (LAN) hardware and software products and renders related technical consulting and engineering design services. The products and services offered by the company is Switch, Network Application, Metro Access Switch, Other and Wireless.

Ubiquiti Inc is a seller of equipment and provides the related software platforms through web stores. The group develops technology platforms for high-capacity distributed Internet access, unified information technology, and consumer electronics for professional, home, and personal use. Its solutions are: high-performance networking technology for enterprises, service providers, and consumers. target the enterprise and service provider markets through a community of service providers, distributors, value-added resellers, webstores, systems integrators, and corporate IT professionals, which it refers to as the Ubiquiti Community. It targets consumers through digital marketing, including through webstores, retail chains, and, to a lesser extent, the Ubiquiti Community.

Ericsson provides telecom equipment and services that are primarily used to build and operate mobile networks. The firm divides its business into three segments: networks, cloud and software services, and enterprise. Wireless carriers have traditionally been the firm’s primary customers, but it is pushing to cater more to enterprises as well, as both try to take advantage of 5G capabilities and utilize “as-a-service” communications platforms. The company also licenses its patents to handset manufacturers.

Yangtze Optical Fibre and Cable Joint Stock Ltd Co is engaged in the Chinese communication equipment industry. It manufactures and sells optical fiber preforms, optical fibers with various standard specifications that are widely used in the telecommunications industry. It operates its business through three operating segments, optical fibers and optical fiber preforms; and Optical components and modules, optical fiber cables. The manufacture and sale of optical fiber cables provide the company with majority of its revenue. Its other products comprise of trunk cables, patch cords, plug-and-play modules, optical distribution frames, pigtails, adapter panels, splitters, and connecting cabinets.

Satellite television provides the bulk of EchoStar’s revenue. The firm serves about 5 million US satellite customers, about 10% of the traditional television market. It also serves 2 million customers under the Sling brand. EchoStar has also amassed an extensive portfolio of spectrum licenses and is building a nationwide wireless network. It acquired Sprint's prepaid business, serving approximately 7 million customers, primarily under the Boost brand. The firm has agreed to sell a portion of its wireless licenses to AT&T and SpaceX, and will rely heavily on the AT&T network to serve customers. EchoStar’s legacy businesses provide satellite telecom services and equipment to businesses and consumers, including about 800,000 internet customers.

NVent is a leading global provider of electrical connection and protection solutions that touch a broad range of end markets, including infrastructure, industrial, commercial, and residential. NVent designs, manufactures, markets, installs, and services a portfolio of electrical enclosures and electrical fastening solutions. North America accounts for the majority of sales.

Hengtong Optic-Electric Co Ltd provides fiber optic communication products in China and internationally. It offers optical rods, optical fiber, optical cable, optical devices, an optical network, ocean optical network products, data communication products, power transmission products, ocean engineering, quantum security communications, rail transit, and smart city products.

ZTE Corp is a provider of integrated telecommunications and IT solutions with a full range of end-to-end ICT products and solutions integrating design, development, production, sales, and services with a special focus on carriers’ networks, government and corporate business, and consumer business. It operates in three segments Carriers’ network, Consumer Business, and Government and Corporate Business. It generates a majority of its revenue from equipment supporting carriers' networks. It has a presence in the PRC, Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas. It generates the majority of its revenue from the PRC region.

Suzhou Centec Communications Co Ltd is engaged in research & development, design and sales of Ethernet switching chips and supporting products.

AST SpaceMobile Inc is a satellite designer and manufacturer. The company is building a cellular broadband network in space to operate directly with standard, unmodified mobile devices, and off-the-shelf mobile phones based on extensive IP and patent portfolio. It has focused on eliminating the connectivity gaps faced by mobile subscribers. The Company's spaceMobile Service is being designed to provide cost-effective, high-speed Cellular Broadband services to end-users who are out of terrestrial cellular coverage using existing mobile devices.

Ruijie Networks Co Ltd is engaged in the research and development, design and sales of network equipment, network security products and cloud desktop solutions.

Zebra Technologies is a leading provider of automatic identification and data capture technology to enterprises. Its solutions include barcode printers and scanners, mobile computers, and workflow optimization software. The firm primarily serves the retail, transportation logistics, manufacturing, and healthcare markets, designing custom solutions to improve efficiency at its customers.

IEIT Systems Co Ltd is a provider of IT infrastructure products, solutions, and services. Its business focuses on three fields: servers, storage, and networks. The company is committed to the innovation of digital technology along with the application and integration of digital worlds with the physical world. It is helping enterprises embark on a path of sustainable development by driving intelligent digital transformation.

Jiangsu Zhongtian Technology Co Ltd is a China-based company engaged in the manufacturing and distribution of fiber-optic communication and power-transmission products. Its products include power cables, fittings, insulators, arresters, conductors, aluminum-clad steel wires, transformers, and power switch gears; optical fibers, optical fiber cables, coaxial cables, and antennas; and submarine composite and FO cables, submarine cable accessories, and ROV cables. The company also offers marine and offshore cables, lithium-ion batteries, solar cell backsheets, photovoltaic technology products, alloy materials, optical fiber, and optical cable machines.

Huagong Tech Co Ltd produces, sells, and provides technical services for products centered on laser technology, computer software and system integration technology, and PTC technology. The company's main products include laser processing equipment and intelligent manufacturing production lines, laser holographic film series products, optoelectronic device series products, sensitive components, and others.

Bizlink Holding Inc is engaged in designing, manufacturing, and selling cable assemblies, connectors, power cords, fiber optical passive components, and computer-peripheral products. The operating segments of the company are the Computing and Transportation segment, Industrial Application segment, Home Appliance segment, and others. The company generates the majority of its revenue from the Computing and Transportation segment. Its geographical segments are the United States, China, Germany, Malaysia, Taiwan, Italy, and Others.

Viasat Inc provides bandwidth technologies and services in three segments: communication services and defense and advanced technologies. The communication services segment provides a wide range of broadband and narrowband communications solutions across government and commercial mobility markets, as well as for residential and enterprise fixed broadband customers: and the defense and advanced technologies segment develops and offers a diverse array of resilient, vertically integrated solutions to government and commercial customers, leveraging core technical competencies in encryption, cyber security, tactical gateways, modems and waveforms. A large majority of the firm's revenue is generated from communication services segment.

Advanced Fiber Resources (Zhuhai) Ltd is a provider of passive optical components for telecommunication, fiber laser, and fiber sensor applications. The company specializes in fiber optic components and polarization maintaining components. The company designs and manufactures both standard and custom components, and also offers contract manufacturing solutions to its customers. The company's products category comprises components for industrial laser, bio-medical equipment, test equipment and others, components for optical network, and components for fiber sensing. It sells the products in China, and also exports it to the various other countries.

Shenzhen Transsion Holdings Co Ltd is engaged in the design, research & development, production, sales, and brand operation of smart terminals with mobile phones as the core. The company produces mobile phones under the TECNO, itel, and Infinix brands, offering both feature phones and smartphones.

Applied Optoelectronics Inc is a provider of fiber-optic networking products, for four networking end-markets; internet data center, CATV, telecom, and FTTH. The Company designs and manufactures a wide range of optical communications products at varying levels of integration, from components, subassemblies, and modules to complete turn-key equipment. Through direct sales personnel, and manufacturing teams in the United States, China, and Taiwan, the company coordinates with customers to determine product design, qualifications, and performance. The Company has manufacturing and research and development facilities located in the U.S., Taiwan, and China.

CIG Shanghai Co Ltd is an original development manufacturer of the carrier and enterprise-grade customer premise equipment. Its product offerings include wireless network equipment, smart home gateway products, telecom broadband terminals, and other products.

InterDigital Inc is a research and development company focused on wireless, Video, Artificial Intelligence, and related Technologies. It designs and develops technologies that enable connected, immersive experiences in a broad range of communications and entertainment products and services. The majority of revenue is generated from fixed-fee patent license agreements, with a smaller portion coming from variable royalty agreements. Geographically, it operates in the United States, China, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and Europe, with the majority is from China.

Sangfor Technologies Inc is a provider of security and cloud computing solutions and is committed to making users IT easier, safer, and more valuable.

Viavi Solutions Inc. is an international provider of network test, monitoring, and assurance solutions to communications service providers, enterprises, network equipment manufacturers, civil government, military and avionics customers. The company also offers high-performance thin-film optical coatings, providing light management solutions to anti-counterfeiting, 3D sensing, electronics, automotive, defense, and instrumentation markets. Its operating segments include Network Enablement, Service Enablement, and Optical Security and Performance Products. Geographically, it derives a majority of its revenue from the United States. Additionally, it manufactures and sells optical filters for 3D sensing products that allow facial recognition security authentication for mobile devices.

Yealink Network Technology Corp Ltd is an Internet-based unified communications terminal solution provider that integrates R&D, sales, and services, and provides intelligent and efficient enterprise communications terminal solutions to global corporate customers through outsourcing.

Gigabyte Technology Co Ltd is a Taiwan-based manufacturer and distributor of computer hardware products. Its products include motherboards for third-party platforms and servers, graphics cards, notebooks, desktop computers, ultrabooks, tablets, mobile phones, server racks, networking equipment, optical drives, computer monitors, keyboards, cooling components, computer cases, and power supplies. Geographically, the company generates a majority of its revenue from Europe, followed by the USA and Canada, Taiwan, China, Singapore and other regions. The company generates the majority of its revenue from the sale of Networking communication products.

NKT AS is a Denmark-based provider of cable technology. The company, along with its subsidiaries, operates in the following segments; Solutions, Applications, and Service & Accessories. Maximum revenue is generated from the Solutions segment which caters to the high-voltage power cable market and is involved in the manufacturing and installation of high-voltage cables and products for onshore power transmission and distribution, power-from-shore, cable projects, offshore wind connections, and other projects. This segment also owns and operates a cable-laying vessel, NKT Victoria. Geographically, the company generates maximum revenue from Germany followed by the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Poland, Norway, Denmark, and other regions.

Fiberhome Telecommunication Technologies Co Ltd is a China-based company engaged in the manufacture and sales of communication equipment. Its main products include communication system equipment, optical fibers, cables and data networking products, such as the optical networking products, Internet protocol (IP) data products, broadband access products, optical fibers and cable products, wireless communication products and power supplies, as well as the optoelectronic devices. The company mainly distributes its products in domestic and overseas markets.

Nexans is a French company that manufactures and distributes cable products. The company operates through three segments. The Building and Territories segment provides reliable cabling systems and smart energy solutions enabling buildings and territories to be more efficient, sustainable, and people friendly. The generation and Transmission segment partners with its customers from the start of the cycle right through to the end (systems management) to help them find the cabling solution that is the best suited to their needs in terms of efficiency and reliability. Industry and Solutions: this segment provides support to OEMs and industrial infrastructure project managers in personalizing their cabling. Geographically France, Germany, and Norway are the three markets for the company.

Far East Smarter Energy Co Ltd operates as a wire and cable manufacturer in China. The company is mainly engaged in system development, design, manufacturing, marketing and service of four major types of cable products, such as overhead wires, power cables, wire and cable for electrical equipment, and special cables. Its products are widely used in smart power, smart transportation, intelligent energy intelligent construction and other fields.

CICT Mobile Communication Technology Co Ltd is engaged in the development, application and services of mobile communication technologies. The company’s products include Antenna, RAN, CPE. Its services include Wireless Network Service, Digitization & Intelligent Service, Network Construction, Network Optimization, Digital Talent Empowerment, and Network O&M.

AAC Technologies is one of the world’s largest manufacturers of miniature acoustic components, such as speakers and receivers, primarily for smartphones. Founded in 1993, the company has since expanded into the production of other handset components, such as electromagnetic drives (haptics), precision mechanical, lenses and camera modules, sensors, and MEMS microphones. AAC is headquartered in Shenzhen, China, and runs factories in China, Vietnam, Czechia, and Malaysia. It employed 44,181 people as at June 30, 2025.

Dolby Laboratories Inc. develops technologies that enhance audio and video capture, transmission, and playback, enabling high-quality experiences across movies, TV, music, sports, and more. The company designs and manufactures audio, imaging, accessibility, and related hardware and software mainly for cinema, including digital cinema servers and media encryption and packaging tools. It generates the majority of its revenue by licensing its technology, brand, and patents to device manufacturers and by selling cinema hardware and services. It operates as a single reportable segment, with revenue derived mainly from licensing and, to a lesser extent, from premium cinema technologies, across the United States and international markets.