Kalekim Valuation Multiples

CRH is a global building materials group headquartered in Dublin, Ireland and New York, which moved its primary stock listing to the New York Stock Exchange in June 2023. It was formed on 20 October 1970 through the merger of Cement Limited and Roadstone Limited and listed on the Irish Stock Exchange in 1973. It operates through CRH Americas, covering materials and building solutions across 48 US states and 7 Canadian provinces, and CRH International, with operations in Europe, Australia and the Philippines, from about 3,961 locations in 28 countries. For 2025 it reported revenue of US$37.4 billion and net income of US$3.75 billion with about 83,000 employees, and it earns revenue from aggregates, cement, asphalt, ready-mixed concrete and building products. Its acquisitions include the EUR 6.5 billion Lafarge and Holcim assets in 2015, which included Tarmac in the UK, and Ash Grove Cement for US$3.5 billion in 2018. Jim Mintern is chief executive.

Holcim is a manufacturer of Building Materials and Building Solutions that are used across the built environment, from infrastructure and industry to buildings. Over 50% of group sales are generated in Europe, with its largest markets being France, UK, Mexico and Australia. Holcim's low-carbon brands, ECOPact and ECOPlanet, account for over one-third of its cement and concrete sales.

UltraTech Cement Ltd produces and sells cement and cement-related products. The company generates the vast majority of its revenue in India. The company's product portfolio includes Ordinary Portland cement, Portland blast-furnace slag cement, and Portland Pozzolana cement. Ordinary Portland cement is used for a wide range of applications including concrete products, masonry, and plastering. The firm's customers are in the building and construction industries. Geographically, it operates in India as well as in other countries, of which India derives key revenue.

Martin Marietta Materials is one of the United States' largest producer of construction aggregates (crushed stone, sand, and gravel). In 2024, Martin Marietta sold 191 million tons of aggregates. Martin Marietta's most important markets include Texas, North Carolina, Colorado, California, and Georgia, accounting for most of its sales. The company also uses its aggregates in its asphalt and ready-mixed concrete businesses. Martin’s magnesia specialties business produces magnesia-based chemical products and dolomitic lime.

Vulcan Materials is the largest producer of construction aggregates in the US. The company produced around 228 million tons of aggregates in 2025 and has 16.6 billion tons of proven and probable reserves, equivalent to roughly 83 years of supply at current production levels. Over the past several years, Vulcan has increasingly focused its portfolio on aggregates while reducing its exposure to downstream businesses such as ready-mix concrete and asphalt. The company operates across 23 US states, with additional operations in Mexico.

Heidelberg Materials is one of the world’s largest building materials companies, with operations in 60 countries. Its core activities include the production of cement and aggregates, which are used to construct houses, infrastructure, and commercial facilities. The sale of cement and aggregates accounts for the majority of group revenue and profits. Europe is the company’s largest market contributing nearly half of group sales. Heidelberg Materials is listed in Germany and has 55,000 employees.

Grasim Industries Ltd is a cement and viscose staple fibre (VSF) manufacturing firm based in India. The activities of the group fall under the operating segments of Cellulosic Fibres, Chemicals, Building materials, Financial Services, and Others. It derives key revenue from the Building materials segment which covers products like grey cement, paints, white cement, and allied products. Geographically, the company derives a majority of its revenue from the domestic market and the rest from other countries through exports.

Amrize is a building solutions company focused exclusively on the North American market. Amrize earns revenue from the sale of cement, aggregates, ready-mix concrete, asphalt, roofing systems, and other building solutions. The company is organized into two reportable segments: building materials and building envelope. The building materials business consists of Amrize’s cement, aggregates, ready-mix concrete, and asphalt operations. The building envelope segment offers advanced roofing and wall systems, including single-ply membranes, insulation, shingles, sheathing, waterproofing, and protective coatings, along with adhesives, tapes, and sealants.

James Hardie is a manufacturer of fiber cement-based building products, selling primarily to the residential construction industry. North America is the primary geography, generating about 80% of group earnings. Here, it is the largest manufacturer of fiber cement, which is mainly used for exterior siding on houses. Following the Azek acquisition in 2025, it also produces wooden composite decking materials, siding trims, and accessories for outdoor areas, including stair and deck railing. Businesses in Australia, New Zealand, and Europe make up the rest of its earnings.

Cemex SAB de CV is a ready-mix concrete company that mainly engaged in activities that are oriented to the construction industry, mainly through the production, marketing, sale, and distribution of cement, ready-mix concrete, aggregates, urbanization solutions, and other construction materials and also provide related services and reliable construction-related services to customers and communities and maintain business relationships in more than 60 countries throughout the world. The company operates in different parts of the world, with operations in Mexico, the United States, the EMEA region and the SCA&C region.

Anhui Conch Cement mainly engages in the production and sale of cement, clinker, and concrete in China. The company was established in 1997 and headquartered in Anhui province. With annual cement production capacity of over 400 million metric tons in 2024, the firm is the second-largest cement manufacturer in China. Sales of self-produced products contribute to about 80% of its revenue, with the remainder mainly from the trading business and service income.

Posco Future M is in the business of coal chemistry and carbon materials. Its key business includes refractory manufacture and sale, furnace construction and maintenance, lime business, environmental business, comprehensive chemicals, carbon materials, and secondary battery anode materials, among others. The group operates in two segments: Basic Materials Division, which includes Refractory Business, Lime Mars Business, and Energy Materials Division, which includes the manufacture and sale of cathode and cathode materials. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Energy Materials Division.

Ambuja Cements Ltd manufactures and sells cement, concrete, and cement-related products to the building and construction industries. The company's portfolio of products includes Portland Pozolona cement and ordinary Portland cement. The vast majority of the firm's revenue is generated in India. Ambuja Cements has operations throughout India and uses a network of ports, bulk cement terminals, captive ships, and railroads to transport its products to both warehouses and directly to customers. The company also has a technical services team that partners with customers to teach concrete mixing and curing techniques.

BlueScope is an Australia-based steelmaker with five business units. The Australian steel products segment mainly specializes in branded coated and painted flat steel products, sold domestically. North Star is the group’s US minimill, specializing in the production of hot rolled coil for US construction and automotive sectors. Building products Asia operates across Southeast Asia, China, and India, and the US building and coated products North America is involved in metal coating and painting, and the supply to nonresidential construction projects using BlueScope’s materials. New Zealand steel and the Pacific Islands business produces flat and long steel products for New Zealand and building components for the Pacific Islands.

Shree Cement Ltd manufactures and sells cement and cement-related products to the building and construction industries. It derives revenue from cement, clinker, and power sales, of which cement products contribute majorly to the revenue. The cement products are offered under the brands Shree Jung Rodhak and Bangur. Geographically, the company's majority of the revenue is generated within India.

Buzzi is an Italian cement and ready-mix concrete producer headquartered in Casale Monferrato, listed on the Milan stock exchange. It operates in Italy, the United States, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, Poland, Brazil, Mexico, the United Arab Emirates and other markets. In 2025 consolidated net sales were EUR 4,518.8 million and net profit was EUR 924.1 million, with hydraulic binder sales of 31.9 million tons and ready-mix concrete sales of 9.9 million cubic meters. The Buzzi family holds about 53 percent through Presa and Fimedi. Recent steps include full control of its Brazilian joint venture NCPAR in October 2024, a controlling stake in Gulf Cement Company in the United Arab Emirates in 2025, and a 25 percent stake in Alpacem Zement Austria with the sale of the Fanna plant in February 2025. S&P rates the company BBB+.

BUA Cement PLC is engaged in the manufacturing and sale of cement to the general public. The company generates revenue from the sale of bagged cement and sale of bulk cement. Geographically the company generates the majority of its revenue in Nigeria.

Huaxin Building Materials Group Co Ltd is engaged in the manufacture and sale of cement, concrete, clinker, aggregates, and other building materials. Its business is divided into segments, with the Domestic segment generating the majority of revenue and covering the production and sale of cement, concrete, aggregates, clinker, and other construction materials within China. The Overseas segment includes similar activities outside China, focusing on the production and sale of these building materials in international markets.

Rockwool AS manufactures and sells building materials, including insulation and roofing systems. The company organizes itself into two segments based on the product: Insulation and Systems. The Insulation segment, sells building, industrial, and technical insulation and external thermal insulation wall systems to the construction industry. The Systems business sells acoustic ceilings and wall systems, external cladding systems, horticultural substrate solutions, engineered fiber solutions, and noise and vibration control to the construction and automotive industries. The majority of revenue is from the Insulation Segment. The majority of sales come from Europe.

Largest maker of structural steel tubes in India, selling hollow sections and pipes for construction, infrastructure and engineering use under the Apollo brand through dealers. Plants across several Indian states. Headquartered in the Delhi NCR (Ghaziabad).

TCC Group Holdings Co Ltd engages in the manufacturing and marketing of cement, cement-related products and ready-mixed concrete. The majority of revenue comes from Taiwan and the rest from Asia and Europe.

Eagle Materials Inc produces and sells construction products and building materials. Construction products include cement, slag, concrete, and aggregates and building materials include cement and gypsum wallboard, and are sold to the construction and building industries. The firm organizes itself into two sectors: Heavy Materials, which includes the Cement and Concrete and Aggregates segments, and Light Materials, which includes the Gypsum Wallboard and Recycled Paperboard segments.

Sanwa Holdings Corp is a Japan-based company engaged in producing and selling construction materials for buildings and commercial facilities. The company also provides maintenance and renovation services. Its products include condominium doors, window shutters, exterior products, garage doors, operators, and hinge doors for residential buildings; and heavy-duty shutters, steel doors, partitions, stainless steel products, overhead doors, automatic doors, truck/trailer doors, and industrial doors for non-residential buildings. The company operates in Japan, North America, and Europe.

Xinyi Glass Holdings Ltd is engaged in the production and sales of float glass products, automobile glass products, construction glass products, and a variety of related products in the PRC and Malaysia. Its product portfolio comprises clear glass, glass for windshields, heating glass, laminated glass, heat-reflective coated glass, and others. The company's operating segments are Float glass, Automobile glass, and Architectural glass. A majority of its revenue is generated from the Float glass segment, which offers clear glass, F-green glass, and European gray glass. Geographically, the company generates maximum revenue from Greater China, and the rest from other regions like Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Africa, the Middle East, Central America, North and South America.

Cementos Argos SA is a cement-producing company. In terms of the concrete and cement business, it is Colombia's key producer and one of the key producers in the sector across Central America and the Caribbean. The company's corporate purpose is the exploitation of the cement industry, the production of concrete mixes and any other materials or items made of cement, lime or clay, the acquisition and exploitation of minerals or deposits of exploitable minerals in the cement industry, and similar rights to explore and mine the aforementioned minerals, whether by concession, privilege, lease or other title. Its operating segments are: Colombia, which generates maximum revenue, the Caribbean, Central America, Trading, and Corporate and others.

Cement and wall putty maker with grey and white cement capacity in north, central and south India. It sells through dealers to home builders and construction customers. Headquartered in Kanpur, with corporate office in New Delhi.

Grupo Argos SA is a holding company with businesses spanning multiple industries including cement, energy, highway and airport construction, port operations, real estate, and coal. The Cement segment, which generates the majority of revenue, has a majority ownership stake in Cementos Argos, which manufactures and sells cement, concrete, and cement-related products in multiple countries throughout the Americas. The Energy segment has a majority ownership stake in a company named Celsia, which generates and sells gas, thermal energy, and hydroelectric energy throughout Central and South America.

Mitsui Chemicals Inc manufactures and sells a variety of chemicals, plastics, and chemical-based products. The firm organizes itself into four segments. The Basic & Green Materials segment provides ethylene, propylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, catalysts, phenols, PTA, PET resins, polyurethane, and industrial chemicals. The ICT Solutions segment supplies semiconductors, electronic components, process and optical materials, and battery-related materials. The Life & Healthcare Solutions segment covers vision care, nonwovens, oral and personal care materials, and agricultural chemicals. The Mobility Solutions segment offers elastomers, functional compounds, polypropylene compounds, and automotive-related products, while Others include related businesses.

Asia Cement Corp manufactures and sells cement, concrete, and cement-related products to the construction and building industries, and engages in leasing activities. The company is also required to undertake reforestation activities in designated areas. Asia Cement's product portfolio includes Portland cement types I and II, cement clinker, ready-mix concrete, furnace powder, and plaster among others. Its reportable segments are as follows: Cement which derives key revenue, Electric Power, Investment, Engineering, Transportation, Stainless Steel, and Leasing. The majority of the company's revenue comes from Taiwan and China.

LafargeHolcim Maroc SA is a Morocco-based company. It is engaged in the manufacturing and sale of cement and hydraulic binders to the construction industry. Its product portfolio consists of cement, concretes, aggregates, plasters, and lime.

Lafarge Africa PLC through its subsidiaries is engaged in manufacturing and marketing of cement, concrete, and aggregates products, including the provision of building solutions. Its products include Ashakacem, UniCem, Elephant cement, Lafarge Powermax, RoadCem, and Supaset cement among others. It has two segments Cement & Readymix products. The majority of the revenue is generated from the cement segment.

Titan SA is an international business operating in the building and infrastructure materials industry, committed to providing the materials, solutions, and services needed for safe and sustainable homes, buildings, and infrastructure. The company offers construction materials, solutions, and services that enable people to enjoy life while supporting the development of sustainable living environments.

Corporacion Moctezuma SAB de CV is a Mexico-based company which is engaged in the production and sale of cement and ready-mix concrete. The product portfolio of the includes of compound Portland cements, white cement and mortar and others.

United States Lime & Minerals Inc is engaged in the business of manufacturing lime and limestone products including PLS, quicklime, hydrated lime and lime slurry. It supplies its products predominantly to the construction (including highway, road, and building contractors), industrial (including paper and glass manufacturers), environmental (including municipal sanitation and water treatment facilities and flue gas treatment processes), metals (including steel producers), oil and gas services, roof shingle manufacturers and agriculture (including poultry and cattle feed producers) industries. The company operates through its Lime and Limestone Operations segment.

Vicat SA manufactures and sells cement, ready-mix concrete, and aggregates to the construction and building industries. The company also provides a range of services, including construction, chemistry, transportation, and concrete pumping and pre-casting. The firm organizes itself into three segments based on product: Cement, Concrete and Aggregates, and Other Products and Services. The Cement segment generates the majority of revenue. It sells its products and services around the world, with a majority of its revenue being generated in France.

Knife River Holding Co is an aggregates-led construction materials and contracting services provider. The segments of the company include West, Mountain, Central, and Energy Services. Each geographic segment offers a vertically integrated suite of products and services, including aggregates, ready-mix concrete, asphalt, and contracting services, while the Energy Services segment, which has locations throughout the company's geographic footprint, produces and supplies liquid asphalt and related services, for use in asphalt road construction, and is a supplier to some of the other segments.

LIXIL Corp is a Japan-based company engaged in housing and building materials businesses. The company operates through two main segments: Water Technology Business and Housing Technology Business. The Water Technology Business manufactures and sells sanitary ware, water faucets, bathroom units, and system kitchens. The Housing Technology Business provides windows, doors, shutters, interior and exterior building materials, curtain walls, housing solutions, and real estate management services. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Water technology business segment.

GCC SAB de CV is engaged in producing and selling hydraulic cement, concrete, and aggregates in the markets of Mexico (state of Chihuahua) and the United States of America. The company produces, markets, and distributes cement, aggregates, ready-mix concrete, and other construction materials. The company is a Mexican entity that manufactures and sells hydraulic cement, ready-mix concrete, and aggregates. Geographically, its operations are spread across Mexico and the United States, with the majority of the revenue deriving from the United States.

Cement producer with plants in eastern, southern and north-eastern India, selling through dealers to home builders and construction projects. Headquartered in New Delhi.

China National Building Material Co Ltd is a state-owned building material holding company. Its reportable segments are the Cement segment which includes the production and sale of cement, Concrete segment includes the production and sale of concrete, New Materials segment comprises of production and sale of glass fiber, composite, and lightweight building materials, and Engineering technology Services segment, which includes the provision of engineering services to glass and cement manufacturers and equipment procurement, and others segment, which comprises Merchandise trading business and others. The company operates in PRC, Europe, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, Oceania, Africa, the Americas, and other countries, out of which the majority of the revenue comes from the PRC.

Asahi India Glass makes automotive safety glass and float glass for buildings, and runs glass retail and installation outlets. Customers are carmakers, builders and consumers in India. It is a leading automotive glass maker in India. Headquartered in New Delhi.

Cementos Molins SA engages in the manufacturing and selling of gray cement and white cement used for various construction purposes in the civil engineering industry. The group's core business is to manufacture and market its products which include, cement, clinker, concrete, mortars, aggregates, and precast concrete. It caters to markets around the world which include Spain, Argentina, Uruguay, Mexico, Bangladesh, India, Tunisia, China, Bolivia, and Columbia. It generates the majority of its revenues from the sales of its products through in the foreign markets.

Cementir Holding NV is a multinational company. The company creates a niche white cement segment, the cement producer in Denmark and ready-mixed concrete producer in the Scandinavian region, the third in Belgium, and among the international players in Turkiye. In Belgium, the Group operates one of the aggregate quarries in Europe, while in Turkiye, it operates in the treatment of industrial waste to produce fuel for its cement plants. It has segments as Cement, Ready-mixed concrete, Aggregates, Wastes, and Others, with the majority from Cement. Geographically, it gains revenue from the Nordic & Baltic regions.

The Japan Steel Works Ltd provides industrial machinery as well as materials and engineering solutions in Japan and internationally. The company operates through two segments. The Industrial Machinery segment provides resin manufacturing and processing machinery, molding machines, defense-related equipment, and other industrial machinery. The Materials and Engineering segment covers raw material products and engineering operations. The Other segment includes the film deposition business, crystal business, and related activities. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Industrial machinery business segment.

Boise Cascade Co is a producer of engineered wood products (EWP) and plywood. The firm operates in two reportable segments, namely Wood Products and Building Materials Distribution. The Wood Products segment manufactures laminated veneer lumber (LVL), I-joists, and laminated beams. In addition, it manufactures structural, appearance, and industrial-grade plywood panels, and ponderosa pine lumber. The Building Materials Distribution segment is engaged in the distribution of various building materials, including oriented strand board (OSB), plywood, and lumber; general line items such as siding, composite decking, doors and millwork, metal products, roofing, and insulation; and EWP, among others. The company generates a majority of its revenue from the Building Material Distribution segment.

Stella-Jones Inc produces and sells lumber and wood products. The company operates in two segments: Pressure-treated wood, which includes utility poles, railway ties, residential lumber, and industrial products; and the Logs & Lumber segment comprises the sales of logs harvested in the course of the company’s procurement process that is determined to be unsuitable for use as utility poles, it also includes the sale of excess lumber to local home-building markets. The vast majority of its revenue comes from the Pressure-treated wood segment. Its geographical segments are the United States and Canada, and the majority of its revenue is derived from the United States.

SKC Co Ltd is a Korea-based company engaged in the manufacture and supply of chemicals and industrial films. The company operates through three segments: the Chemistry segment, which produces POD and related chemical products; the Semiconductor Material segment, which manufactures semiconductor test sockets and related materials; and the Secondary Battery Material segment, which produces copper foil and other battery components. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Chemistry segment.

EMSTEEL is an Abu Dhabi-listed manufacturer of steel, cement and other building materials. It produces rebar, wire rod, heavy sections, sheet piles, cement and related products for construction, infrastructure and industrial customers. Revenue is generated through product sales in the United Arab Emirates and export markets. The listed company was formerly Arkan Building Materials and adopted the EMSTEEL name after combining with Emirates Steel. That 2021 share-for-assets transaction created an integrated steel and building-materials group and increased ADQ’s indirect ownership to 87.5%. The company operates energy-intensive manufacturing assets and sells through commercial channels rather than providing investment or financial services. Production scale and domestic sourcing make the company strategically important to construction and industrial supply chains.