Elron Ventures Valuation Multiples

SoftBank is a Japan-based telecom and e-commerce conglomerate that has expanded mainly through acquisitions, and its key assets include a 40%-owned mobile and fixed broadband telecom operator business in Japan. It also owns 90% of semiconductor chip designer Arm Holdings following the 2023 IPO of this business, and has a vast portfolio of mainly internet- and e-commerce-focused early-stage investments. It is also a general partner of the USD 100 billion SoftBank Vision Fund 1 and sole investor in SoftBank Vision Fund 2, both of which primarily invest in pre-IPO internet and AI companies. Recently, it has begun investing in OpenAI.

Charles Schwab is one of the largest retail-oriented financial-services companies in the US, with $11.9 trillion in client assets across its brokerage, banking, asset management, custody, financial advisory, and wealth-management businesses at the end of 2025. While best known for its retail brokerage offering, Schwab generates the lion’s share of its revenue and profits through its Charles Schwab Bank and asset management segments. The firm is a dominant player in registered investment advisor custody, with over 40% market share, and has recently pushed into wealth management with robo-advisory, direct indexing, and other managed-investment solutions.

BlackRock is the largest asset manager in the world, with $14.041 trillion in assets under management at the end of December 2025. Its product mix is diverse, with 55% of managed assets in equity strategies, 23% in fixed income, 9% in multi-asset classes, 6% in money market funds, and 5% in alternatives. Passive strategies account for more than two-thirds of long-term AUM, with the company's ETF platform maintaining a leading market share domestically and on a global basis. Product distribution is weighted more toward institutional clients, which, by our calculations, account for around 80% of AUM. BlackRock is geographically diverse, with clients in more than 100 countries and more than one-third of managed assets coming from investors domiciled outside the US and Canada.

Investor AB is an industrial holding company with a long-term, active investment portfolio plan. The operations are divided into three business areas: Listed Companies, Patricia Industries, and Investments in EQT. Geographically, the company operates in Sweden, Europe, U.S, and Other countries.

Robinhood Markets Inc is creating a modern financial services platform. It designs its own products and services and delivers them through a single, app-based cloud platform supported by proprietary technology. Its vertically integrated platform has enabled the introduction of new products and services such as cryptocurrency trading, dividend reinvestment, fraud detection, derivatives, fractional shares, recurring investments, and others.

Blackstone is the world's largest alternative-asset manager with $1.242 trillion in total asset under management, including $906.2 billion in fee-earning assets under management, at the end of September 2025. The company operates with scale in each of its major product lines: private equity (26% of fee-earning AUM and 33% of base management fees), real estate/real assets (31% and 35%), private credit (34% and 25%), and other alternatives (9% and 7%). While the firm primarily serves institutional investors (84% of AUM), it also caters to clients in the high-net-worth channel (16%). Blackstone operates through 25 offices in the Americas (8), Europe and the Middle East (9), and the Asia-Pacific region (8).

KKR is a global investment firm headquartered in New York that manages private equity, credit, infrastructure and real estate investments and also offers capital markets services and insurance. It sponsors investment funds for institutional investors, private-wealth clients and families, commits capital from its own balance sheet alongside them, and owns Global Atlantic Financial Group, which provides retirement, life and reinsurance products; its Strategic Holdings segment holds long-term stakes from its core private equity strategy. KKR had $796 billion of assets under management, $638 billion of it fee-paying, at the end of June 2026, and raised $133 billion of new capital in the preceding twelve months. Its income comes from management and other fees, performance income on its funds and the earnings of its insurance business. The firm was founded in 1976 by Jerome Kohlberg, Henry Kravis and George Roberts, is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is led by co-chief executives Joseph Bae and Scott Nuttall. In the Nordic software market it bought 76.9% of Visma from HgCapital in 2010 at an enterprise value of about NOK 11.3 billion.

Brookfield Corp is an investment firm focused on building long-term wealth for institutions and individuals. It has seven operating segments: Asset Management, Wealth Solutions, Renewable Power and Transition, Infrastructure, Private Equity, Real Estate and Corporate Activities. It invests in real assets that form the backbone of the economy to deliver risk-adjusted returns to stakeholders. The company generates the majority of its revenue from Asset Management. It has a geographic presence in the UK, the United States, Australia, Canada, Brazil, India, Colombia, Germany, Other Europe, Other Asia, and other countries.

Apollo is one of the world's largest alternative asset managers, with $908.4 billion in total assets under management, or AUM, including $685.0 billion in fee-earning assets, at the end of September 2025. The company has two core operating segments: asset management and retirement services. Apollo operates with scale in each of its major product lines-private equity (with $125.6 billion in total AUM and $71.7 billion in fee-earning AUM), real estate/real assets ($59.6 billion/$27.1 billion), and private credit ($723.2 billion/$586.2 billion). Apollo has a distribution profile that is likely not too far off from the industry averages-with 84% of its assets held by institutional investors and 16% by high-net-worth clients.

Brookfield Asset Management is one of the world's largest alternative-asset managers, with USD 1.151 trillion in total managed assets, including USD 580.7 billion in fee-earning AUM, at the end of September 2025. The company has three main business segments: private credit (USD 349.0 billion in total AUM and USD 262.8 billion in fee-earning AUM), private equity (USD 151.0 billion/USD 46.3 billion), and real estate/real assets (USD 651.0 billion/USD 271.6 billion). The firm primarily serves institutional investors (90% of AUM) and high-net-worth individuals (10%), and is diversified globally, with 67% of revenue from the Americas, 20% from EMEA, and 13% from Asia-Pacific. Canadian-based Brookfield Corporation owns 73% of Brookfield's outstanding Class A shares.

CITIC Securities Co Ltd is a brokerage and investment group that provides brokerage, underwriting and sponsoring, proprietary trading, investment banking, asset management, investment advisory, Margin financing and securities lending, Stock option market-making, and other services. The company has five reportable segments, namely Investment Banking, Brokerage, Trading, Asset Management, and Others. It derives maximum revenue from the Trading segment.

Founded in 2012, Coinbase is the leading cryptocurrency exchange platform in the United States. The company intends to be the safe and regulation-compliant point of entry for retail investors and institutions into the cryptocurrency economy. Users can establish an account directly with the firm, instead of using an intermediary, and many choose to allow Coinbase to act as a custodian for their cryptocurrency, giving the company breadth beyond that of a traditional financial exchange. While the company still generates the majority of its revenue from transaction fees charged to its retail customers, Coinbase uses internal investment and acquisitions to expand into adjacent businesses, such as prime brokerage and data analytics.

Guotai Haitong Securities Co Ltd Formerly Guotai Junan Securities Co Ltd is engaged in providing brokerage services, corporate finance, asset management services, and loans and financing services. Its segments include wealth management, investment banking, institutional and trading, investment management, international business, and other segments. The company derives the majority of its revenue from the institutional and trading segment, which consists of research, institutional brokerage, trading and investment, and equity investment.

Interactive Brokers is a large, automated, retail and institutional brokerage that boasted nearly $780 billion in customer equity at the end of 2025. The company cut its teeth as a market maker, introducing US financial markets to automated and algorithmic training before expanding into brokerage services in 1993. The firm has a wide-ranging client base, with its best-in-class order execution and extremely low margin lending rates catering to a sophisticated audience of hedge funds, proprietary traders, and introducing brokers that account for about 45% of the firm’s commissions. With operations spanning more than 160 electronic exchanges, 36 countries, and 28 currencies, Interactive Brokers caters to a global clientele, with more than 80% of active accounts sitting outside the US.

Swedish conglomerate Investor AB set up EQT as its private equity division in 1994. In its early days, EQT focused primarily on private equity investments in Sweden and the rest of Scandinavia. Today, EQT is one of the largest global private-market investors, with funds that focus on private equity, real estate, and infrastructure globally. Investor AB retains a minority stake.

3i Group PLC is a closed-ended investment fund. It is an international investor engaged in private equity, infrastructure, and debt management. Its business segments are Private Equity, Infrastructure, and Scandlines. The private equity segment invests in business services, consumer, healthcare, and industrial sectors. Its infrastructure segment invests in utilities, transportation, and social infrastructure.

Ares Management is one of the world's largest alternative-asset managers, with $595.7 billion in total assets under management, or AUM, including $367.6 billion in fee-earning AUM, at the end of September 2025. The company has four main business segments: private credit ($391.5 billion in total AUM and $240.2 billion in fee-earning AUM), private equity, ($25.1 billion/$11.8 billion), real estate/real assets ($132.4 billion/$80.5 billion), and other alternatives ($46.7 billion/$35.1 billion). The firm primarily serves institutional investors (80% of AUM) and high-net-worth individuals (20%). Ares operates through more than 35 offices in over 15 countries around the globe.

LPL Financial is the largest US independent broker-dealer, with more than 32,000 financial advisors affiliated with its platform and roughly 11 million customer accounts at the end of 2025. The firm earns the bulk of its profit from interest income earned on client cash balances and from advisory fees and commissions tied to the $2.4 trillion in assets under management or advisory on its platform at year-end 2025. LPL specializes in the provision of turnkey wealth management services for affiliated independent advisors, but maintains a diverse array of affiliation modalities, running the gamut from more traditional employee models to a pure RIA custody approach. It earns tuck-in revenue from recordkeeping fees and the provision of software tools and services to its advisor base.

China Securities Co Ltd provides a wide range of financial services in China. The company offers a wide range of services that include financial advisory, sponsoring, underwriting of equity and debt securities, brokerage, and investment advisory services to its individual and corporate clients. China Securities also provides services in margin financing, securities lending, trading of equity, equity-linked products, bonds products, and derivatives.

T. Rowe Price provides asset management services for individual and institutional investors. It offers a broad range of no-load US and international stock, hybrid, bond, and money market funds. At the end of September, the firm had $1.767 trillion in managed assets, composed of equity (50%), balanced (35%), fixed-income and money market (12%), and alternative (3%) offerings. Approximately two-thirds of managed assets are held in retirement-based accounts, which provides T. Rowe Price with a somewhat stickier client base than most of its peers. The firm also manages private accounts, provides retirement planning advice, and offers discount brokerage and trust services. The company is primarily a US-based asset manager, deriving less than 10% of its AUM from overseas.

China Merchants Securities Asset Management Co.,Ltd formerly China Merchants Securities Co Ltd is a financial service provider. The company provides services like, investment banking, financial advisory, equity underwriting, assets management, investment advisory, and trading equity securities among others. Its business is divided into four segments: Wealth management and institutional business; Investment banking; Investment management; and Investment and trading. The Wealth management and institutional business segment which generates key revenue engages in the trading of stocks and futures contracts on behalf of clients and includes margin financing, securities lending, and selling financial and other wealth management products.

Two Point Zero Group PJSC is an investment firm involved in the energy and consumer sectors. Its portfolio incorporates AI-enabled and diversified assets designed to support operational efficiency and potential long-term returns. Its business operations are involved in: i) Energy & Infrastructure: renewable energy, infrastructure solutions, and regional mining across the energy value chain. ii) Consumer: media, mobility, retail, beauty, food, and packaging iii) Investments: institutions and fintech initiatives focused on long-term capital, synergies, and financial infrastructure development.

Amundi resulted from the merger of the asset manager businesses of French banks Credit Agricole and Societe Generale in 2010. In 2017, it expanded into Italy, Germany, and Austria by acquiring Pioneer Investments, which had previously been UniCredit's asset manager. France accounts for just under half of assets under management, while Italy and the rest of Europe contribute about 30% combined. Assets from Asia are growing rapidly and contribute just shy of 20%. Amundi is the largest European asset manager and a top 10 asset manager globally. Credit Agricole remains a controlling shareholder with a 70% stake.

EXOR NV is a private equity investment firm based in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The firm seeks to invest in the United States and Europe.

China Galaxy Securities Co Ltd is an integrated financial services provider in the Chinese securities industry. It is principally engaged in securities and futures brokerage, institutional sales and investment research, proprietary trading and other securities trading services, margin financing and securities lending, asset management and wealth management, and equity investment management. The company's segments include the wealth management business, investment banking business, institutional business, international business, investment trading business, and other parent-subsidiary integration business.

Daiwa Securities Group Inc is a Japan-based financial services company. The company operates through four segments. The Asset Management Division manages investment trusts, funds, and corporations across assets, including private equity, real estate, renewable energy, and infrastructure, while also offering advisory services to institutional investors in Japan and overseas. The Global Markets & Investment Banking Division handles sales and trading of securities, foreign exchange, and derivatives, and provides underwriting and M&A advisory. The Wealth Management Division serves individuals and private corporate clients with diverse financial products. Others include subsidiary management, information services, administration, and real estate leasing.

Shenwan Hongyuan Group Co Ltd is an investment holding and securities firm. Its business includes banking, insurance, trust, and leasing while consolidating and expanding the advantages of the original securities business and building on the capital market as support. The company's business mainly focuses on four segments, including enterprise finance, personal finance, institutional services and trading, as well as investment management. Majority of the revenue for the firm gets derived from Institutional services and trading segment.

Citibank established CVC Capital Partners in 1981 as its European venture capital business. Spun out as a wholly independent entity in 1993, CVC, in due course, transformed into a manager of private equity, private credit, real estate, and infrastructure funds. CVC invests most of its funds in Europe and the United States, with a smaller exposure to Asia.

Futu Holdings Ltd is an online broker providing one-stop online investing services. The company provides its services through its digital platform Futu NiuNiu, which includes market data, trading service, and news feed of Hong Kong, Mainland China, Singapore, and the United States equity markets. It generates its revenue in the form of brokerage commission and handling charge services, and interest income.

Carlyle Group is one of the world's largest alternative-asset managers, with $474.1 billion in total AUM, including $332.0 billion in fee-earning AUM, at the end of September 2025. The company has three core business segments: global private equity, which includes its private equity, real estate, infrastructure, and natural resources offerings (with $163.5 billion in total AUM and $101.1 billion in fee-earning AUM), global credit ($208.5 billion/$167.2 billion), and investment/fund solutions, known as Carlyle AlphInvest ($102.1 billion/$63.7 billion). The firm primarily serves institutional investors and high-net-worth individuals. Carlyle operates through 29 offices across five continents, serving more than 3,100 active carry fund investors from 87 countries.

Ares Capital Corp is a United States-based closed-ended specialty finance company. Its investment objective is to generate both current income and capital appreciation through debt and equity investments. The company focuses on investing in first lien senior secured loans (including unitranche loans, which are loans that combine both senior and subordinated debt, generally in a first lien position) and second lien senior secured loans. In addition to senior secured loans, the company also invests in subordinated loans and preferred equity, it also makes common equity investments.

Bajaj Holdings and Investment Ltd is an investment holding company that chooses equities from both the public and private equity markets. The company is essentially a holding and investment company focusing on earning income through dividends, interest, and gains on investments held. The company's sectoral allocations to equity investments include Consumer Discretionary, Consumer Staples, Financials, Industrials, Materials, Real estate, Technology, Energy, Healthcare, and Communication Services.

Billionbrains Garage Ventures Ltd is engaged in carrying out the business of software designing, maintenance, testing and benchmarking, designing, developing computer software and solutions, carry on the business of providing, building, organizing of software tools, marketing and innovatization of licensed software, and consultancy services. The company operates the web & app based technology platform, 'Groww'. The company operates in one reportable segment mainly through the sale of financial services through a web & app based technology platform. It derives a substantial portion of its revenue from the broking services.

Mirae Asset Securities Co Ltd is a South Korean financial service provider for individual and corporate customers. The company's services include securities trading, retail and wholesale brokerage, underwriting, dealing, investment advisory, asset management, international corporate finance, investment banking, and trading of fixed-income securities and derivatives. The company's financial products include stocks, futures, options, government bonds, corporate bonds, foreign exchange, and financial derivatives.

Freedom Holding Corp is a holding company with its subsidiary it is engaged in securities brokerage, securities dealing for customers and account, market-making activities, investment research, investment counseling, investment banking services, retail and commercial banking, insurance products, payment services, and information processing services. It acts as a professional participant through its subsidiaries on the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange (KASE), Moscow Exchange (MOEX), Saint-Petersburg Exchange (SPB), the Ukrainian Exchange, the Uzbek Republican Currency Exchange (UZCE), and the Republican Stock Exchange of Tashkent (UZSE). Its segments are Brokerage, Banking, Insurance, and Others.

Orient Securities Co Ltd is engaged in sales and trading of securities including investment and trading, fixed income investment and trading, financial derivatives trading business, NEEQ market-making business, alternative investment, and securities research services. It engages in alternative investment business through Orient Securities Innovation Investment. The Company has established three business systems, namely, comprehensive wealth management, comprehensive investment banking and comprehensive institutional business, and developed four business segments, namely, wealth and asset management, investment banking and alternative investments, institutions and sales trading, international and other businesses, generating key income from wealth and asset management.

XP Inc. is Brazil's leading technology-driven financial services platform and the country's largest independent brokerage firm. Founded in 2001 as an independent investment agency, XP has evolved into a massive, integrated financial ecosystem that challenges traditional legacy banks by providing low-fee financial products through an open-architecture platform.

Ackermans & Van Haaren NV is an investment company with five core business segments: Marine Engineering and Contracting, Private Banking, Real Estate, Energy and resources, and AvH and Growth Capital. The company has a long-term, activist orientation focused on making investments in growth companies with international exposure. A plurality of its net profit mix is derived from its Marine Engineering & Contracting segment, followed closely by its Private Banking & Real Estate division.

Sofina SA is a long-term oriented, investment holding company that favors allocating capital to entrepreneurs. The company also provides its investees access to a support network. Sofina only takes minority ownership positions in its long-term holdings with capital from its own balance sheet. Its portfolio holdings constitute the majority of its net asset value and come mostly from Europe. A smaller percentage of its net asset value base comes from investments in venture capital and private equity funds, mostly in the United States and in Asia.

Voya Financial Inc is a financial services company, which, through its subsidiaries, provides various investment, insurance, and retirement solutions to individual and institutional clients in the United States. Its products and services include tax savings plans, individual retirement accounts, group life insurance plans, and employee benefits products, among others. The company tailors each of its products to the needs of its customer base. It operates its business through three principal lines: Retirement, Investment Management and Employee Benefits.The majority revenue is from Retirement segment.

Nordnet AB (publ) is a digital platform for savings and investments in the Nordics. The company operates in Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland. Its purpose is to democratize savings and investments. It provides trading in a large number of equities, funds, and other types of securities from several markets at a low price, as well as pension savings without fixed fees. The firm also offers margin loans, private loans, and mortgages. There are a number of user-interfaces to choose from, such as web, app, or more trading applications. Digital financial guidance tools are offered to customers who want help and inspiration with their savings. It also operates the widely used social investment network in the Nordics, Shareville.

Founder Securities Co Ltd provides financial services. Its business includes securities brokerage, investment banking, consulting, QFII business, securities underwriting and sponsorship, and fund and asset management. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Wealth Management business segment.

StoneX Group Inc is a brokerage and financial services firm. Its service offerings are execution, OTC / Market-Making, advisory services, payment solutions, market intelligence, Physical Trading and clearing services. The firm operates in four segments: Commercial, Institutional, Self-Directed/Retail, and Payments. Its customers include governmental and nongovernmental organizations, commercial banks, brokers, institutional investors, and investment banks. The company operates in the United States, South America, Europe, the Middle East and Asia, and other countries, out of which the majority of revenue is generated from the Middle East and Asia Region.

Nippon Life India Asset Management Ltd is an asset management company managing equity and fixed-income mutual funds. It engages in managing mutual funds including exchange-traded funds (ETFs); managed accounts, including portfolio management services, alternative investment funds, and pension funds; and offshore funds and advisory mandates. The group mainly focuses on equity funds, debt funds, gold funds, liquid funds, ETFs, retirement funds, and others.

Legend Holdings Ltd is a diversified industrial and investment group in China. It operates businesses through two segments: diversified industries operation, and industrial incubations and investments. The Industrial operations segment includes Lenovo, which is engaged in providing intelligent devices and infrastructure, and creates intelligent solutions, services and software; Levima Group, which is engaged in the research and development, production and sales of material products; Joyvio Group, which operates mainly to engaged in modern agriculture and food related business; and BIL, which mainly offers integrated banking services, including corporate and institutional banking, retail banking, private banking, capital markets, etc. It derives the majority of its revenue from Lenovo.

China Industrial Securities Co Ltd is engaged in the provision of Securities brokerage, investment banking, asset management, fund management, and securities proprietary trading services.

TPG is an American alternative asset manager, listed on Nasdaq and run from San Francisco and Fort Worth, Texas, that invests across private equity, growth equity, impact, credit, real estate and market solutions. It had $327 billion of assets under management at 30 June 2026. Its platforms include TPG Capital, TPG Growth, its growth-equity and smaller-buyout arm, the TPG Rise impact strategy launched in 2016 with Bono and Jeff Skoll, whose climate fund closed at $7.3 billion in 2022, and TPG Angelo Gordon, the credit and real estate manager it agreed to buy in 2023 in a cash-and-stock deal valued at $2.7 billion. The firm earns fees and performance income from the funds it manages for institutional and private-wealth investors and pays a quarterly dividend to its shareholders. TPG was founded in 1992 as Texas Pacific Group by David Bonderman, James Coulter and William S. Price III, whose early deals included the 1993 buyout of Continental Airlines. It went public on Nasdaq in January 2022 at a valuation of about $9 billion, and Jon Winkelried is chief executive.

Compagnie du Cambodge is a holding company that manages portfolio of investments.