Truxton Valuation Multiples

The roots of Generali date back to the 1830s and the Bora wind and rough seas that hit the Trieste region. Over that decade, Generali sought to expand throughout Italy, but this growth was held back by the fragmented nature of Italy. The Italian Revolution in the 1840s paved the way for easier expansion in the country. After World War I, Trieste was handed back to Italy. The dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire created a fragmented Europe and a fragmented Generali. To this day, Generali remains quite a diversified company, but its core operations remain in the historical Austro-Hungarian countries of Austria, Central and Eastern Europe, Germany, and Italy. This is the case in Generali’s nonlife business, and France is also an important contributor to life and savings.

Banco BTG Pactual is a Brazilian investment bank and asset manager headquartered in São Paulo and listed on the B3 exchange. It provides investment banking, corporate lending, sales and trading, wealth management, asset management and consumer banking services, and its merchant banking and private equity arm invests in companies across Latin America. The bank traces its origins to Pactual, founded in Rio de Janeiro in 1983 by André Jacurski, Luiz Cezar Fernandes and Paulo Guedes, and is chaired by André Esteves with Roberto Sallouti as chief executive. BTG Pactual earns fees, trading income and net interest income, reported net income of about US$3.0 billion and total assets of about US$162.8 billion in 2025, and employed 8,188 people in 2024. In 2025 its private equity arm agreed to invest $300 million in egg producer Global Eggs for an 11% stake.

Founded in 2012, Coinbase is the leading cryptocurrency exchange platform in the United States. The company intends to be the safe and regulation-compliant point of entry for retail investors and institutions into the cryptocurrency economy. Users can establish an account directly with the firm, instead of using an intermediary, and many choose to allow Coinbase to act as a custodian for their cryptocurrency, giving the company breadth beyond that of a traditional financial exchange. While the company still generates the majority of its revenue from transaction fees charged to its retail customers, Coinbase uses internal investment and acquisitions to expand into adjacent businesses, such as prime brokerage and data analytics.

Huatai Securities Co Ltd is a financial services provider. The divisions through which the company operates include Wealth management business, Institutional services business, Investment management business, international business, and Others. It has operations spread across Mainland China and Hong Kong, while the Mainland China division generates the company revenues. The company generates key of its revenues from the wealth management business division.

Julius Baer was founded in 1890 and expanded significantly in 2005 when it acquired three Swiss private banks and Global Asset Management from its far larger Swiss rival, UBS. In 2009, Baer spun off GAM as a separately listed firm. The acquisition of Merrill Lynch's wealth management operations outside of the US in 2012 increased Baer's assets under management by 40% and increased its footprint outside of Europe. Julius Baer is currently the largest pure-play private bank globally Baer provides private banking services principally to individuals in Switzerland and Europe and increasingly in Asia and other emerging markets.

Jio Financial Services Ltd is a core investment company, non-deposit taking, systemically important (CIC-ND-SI). Along with its subsidiaries, joint ventures, and associates, it is engaged in the business of Investing and Financing, mainly Leasing, Insurance broking, Payment Bank, Payment Aggregator, and Payment Gateway services.

Aegon is a life insurance and long-term savings business listed in the Netherlands. It was listed on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange in the 1980s and now has mature operations in the United States, the United Kingdom, and four growth markets of Brazil, China, Portugal, and Spain. Over recent years, Aegon has been moving through an extensive transformation program where management has sought to divest noncore operations and improve the risk profile of the business. Financial assets are the parts of the company that are now being run off. Aegon is looking to cycle out of capital-consumptive and volatile earnings products and recycle funds into capital-light and more predictable strategic businesses.

Standard Life PLC provides financial products and services related to savings and retirement planning. It serves customers directly, through financial advisers, and through employer-sponsored pension schemes.

XP Inc. is Brazil's leading technology-driven financial services platform and the country's largest independent brokerage firm. Founded in 2001 as an independent investment agency, XP has evolved into a massive, integrated financial ecosystem that challenges traditional legacy banks by providing low-fee financial products through an open-architecture platform.

Aditya Birla Capital Ltd is a financial service provider. The company's products include Non-Bank Financial Services, Housing Finance, Life Insurance, Asset Management, General Insurance Broking, Stock and Securities Broking, Health Insurance and Other Financial Services. Its operating segments consist of Lending, and Investing and Others. The Lending segment consists of Loans (personal, business, etc.), loan against property, structured finance, working capital loans, wealth management, distribution of financial products, etc. The Investing and Others segment includes investments in Group companies Geographically, it derives a majority of its revenue from India.

Hachijuni Nagano Bank Ltd is a Japan-based company that is principally engaged in banking. The company is a regional bank, with its business mainly based in Nagano Prefecture. The company's core business segments comprise the leasing business segment and the banking business segment, which encompasses the banking and credit card operations. The company generates the majority of revenue from the banking business segment. The majority of its branches are located in certain areas of Japan, and the firm also has a business presence in overseas markets such as Hong Kong, Dalian, Shanghai, and Bangkok.

NH Investment & Securities Co Ltd is a Korea-based financial services provider. Along with its subsidiaries, it operates in the following reportable segments: Sales, IB, Trading, and Headquarters and Others. The majority of the Group's revenue is derived from the Sales segment, which offers asset management services including brokerage consignment, financial instrument sales, etc., to investors. The IB segment provides corporate finance services, including corporate finance, M&A, PF, PEF operation, etc.; and the Trading segment engages in stocks and bonds operations, product operation, supply of derivatives, and capital investment. Geographically, the Group derives maximum revenue from Korea, and the rest from other regions like the USA, China, Indonesia, Vietnam, the UK, and Singapore.

Intercorp Financial Services Inc is a provider of banking, insurance, wealth management services and payments for retail customers and commercial clients in Peru. The company has four operating segments; the Banking segment includes Mainly loans, credit facilities, deposits, and current accounts, the Insurance segment provides life annuity products with single-premium payment and conventional life insurance products and other retail insurance products, the Wealth Management segment provides brokerage and investment management services. Its geographical segments include Peru and Panama.

360 One Wam Ltd is a holding company to its subsidiaries engaged in wealth and asset management services, including financial asset distribution, broking, lending, credit, and investment solutions, and asset and portfolio management. Its business segments are Wealth Management segment comprises the distribution of financial products, advisory, broking, and research, discretionary and non-discretionary portfolio management services, corporate treasury solutions, estate planning, and Other; and Asset Management segment generally comprises management of pooled funds under various products and structures such as mutual funds, alternative asset funds, portfolio management and related activities, including advisory, offshore spanning public, and Other.

AMP, originally established as the Australian Mutual Provident Society, is a financial services provider in Australia and New Zealand. The firm’s offerings span across wealth platforms, superannuation products, along with banking services like home loans and savings accounts through AMP Bank. Previously, AMP had a global investment management division under its subsidiary, AMP Capital, which managed a range of asset classes; an insurance business, AMP Life; as well as a financial advice business. These businesses were sold to various institutions throughout 2020-2024 as part of AMP's simplification program.

Webull Corp is a digital investment platform built upon a next-generation globally infrastructure services. It strives to be the platform of choice for a new generation of investors by creating an efficient, low-cost, and easy-to-use investment platform. The company distinguishes itself from other investment service providers by offering a mobile-first user experience, a broad range of investment products, and extensive functionality constructed to help its customers build wealth over time. The company arms each customer with the tools it needs to develop into what it refers to as an informed investor - one who understands the market and has the confidence to succeed as an investor. The Webull platform originally provided users with free access to market data and analytical tools.

Techcom Securities JSC is a securities firm known for its startup culture and WealthTech innovations. The company is focusing on investment and asset management products for middle-class clients, leveraging Techcombank's branch network and building online distribution channel. The company provides provide diverse investment support products and services such as stocks, derivatives, warrants, and managing open-end funds and real estate funds.

Guotai Junan International Holdings Ltd is an investment holding company with its subsidiaries engaged in providing financial services. The company operates in five segments: corporate finance, which provides advisory services, placing & underwriting services of debts and equity securities; institutional investor services segment offers market-making, investments, structured product solutions, lending, and other services; wealth management segment provides financial services and solutions to individual investors & small to medium-sized businesses and institutions; investment management is engaged in asset management and fund management services and also includes investment in funds, debts, and equity securities; and Others segment. The vast majority of its revenue comes from Hong Kong.

Guaranty Trust Holding Co PLC is a multinational financial institution that provides individuals, businesses, private and public institutions across Africa and the United Kingdom with a broad range of market key financial products and services. The company has six reportable segments: Corporate banking which derives maximum revenue, and incorporates current accounts, deposits, overdrafts, loans and other credit facilities; Commercial banking which incorporates current accounts, deposits, overdrafts, loans and other credit facilities; Business banking which incorporates current accounts, deposits, overdrafts, loans and other credit facilities; Retail banking which incorporates private banking services, private customer current accounts, savings deposits; SME banking; and Public sector.

Aditya Birla Sun Life AMC Ltd principally acts as an investment manager to Aditya Birla Sun Life Mutual Fund and Aditya Birla Real Estate Funds (Category II). It also provides Portfolio Management Services (PMS) and investment advisory services to offshore funds and high-net-worth investors. Geographically, the company derives its key revenue within India and the rest from outside India.

Angel One Ltd is a retail broking house in India. It is a technology-led financial services company providing broking and advisory services, margin funding, loans against shares, and financial product distribution to clients under the brand Angel Broking. Broking and allied services are offered online and on a digital platform.

GoFintech Quantum Innovation Ltd Formerly GoFintech Innovation Ltd is a cross-border financial service platform based in Hong Kong backed by the Greater Bay Area. The company's reportable and operating segments are; Securities brokerage and margin financing, Corporate finance, Money lending, Consultancy and Insurance brokerage, Asset management, and Equity investment. It generates maximum revenue from the Securities brokerage and margin financing segment which engages in securities brokerage and margin financing in Hong Kong. Geographically, the company derives a majority of its revenue from Hong Kong and the rest from the People's Republic of China.

Rathbones Group PLC provides investment and wealth management services to private clients, charities, trustees, and professional partners. The group also provides other banking, financial advisory, tax, legal, and trust services. Alongside investment management services, the company provides unit trust and multi-asset fund products sold through intermediaries to the retail sector.

iFAST Corp Ltd is an investment holding company. It is engaged in the development of software, marketing of unit trusts, exchange-traded funds, listed stocks, debt securities, and Singapore government securities through websites and acting as an investment advisor, dealer, and custodian in the securities. The company operates through geographic segments are Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia, United Kingdom, and China. The Singapore region generates maximum revenue for the company. iFAST receives revenue in the form of commissions and fees.

Mercantil Servicios Financieros CA is a Venezuela-based financial services provider. It offers, through its subsidiaries, a full range of financial products and services in the banking, insurance and wealth management businesses in the Americas and Europe. It provides financial and general banking services to corporate, middle market and retail customers. Third party asset management and securities brokerage services are provided in Venezuela and other jurisdictions, as well as insurance services in Venezuela and Panama. The company generates the majority of its revenue from Venezuela.

Edelweiss Financial Services Ltd is mainly involved in providing investment banking services and holding company activities. The company's businesses are divided into Alternatives business, Capital business, Insurance business, Asset reconstruction business, Mutual fund business and Other business. Alternatives business includes advisory and other fee based business; Capital business, that derives maximum revenue, represents lending business and investment activities; Asset reconstruction business represents purchase and resolution of distress assets; Insurance business represents life insurance business and general insurance business. Mutual fund business represents income from asset management activities and Other business which includes custodian and CSR.

AFFIN Bank Berhad is a Malaysian listed banking group headquartered in Kuala Lumpur. It provides consumer deposits and lending, business and corporate banking, treasury services, investment banking, securities brokerage, asset management and Islamic finance through regulated subsidiaries. Revenue is generated from net interest income, financing margins, fees, commissions and investment services. The group serves individuals, small and medium enterprises, large corporates and public-sector clients through branches and digital channels. LTAT and its controlled Boustead Holdings were longstanding substantial shareholders. In November 2024 they completed the sale of an approximately 26% combined block to the Sarawak government through SG Assetfin Holdings. The transaction made Sarawak the largest shareholder at 31.25% while the LTAT-Boustead group retained a smaller collective interest.

Canaccord Genuity Group Inc is an independent, full-service financial services firm. The company’s segment reporting is based on the following operating segments: Canaccord Genuity Capital Markets, Canaccord Genuity Wealth Management, and Corporate and Other. It generates revenue by providing value to its individual, institutional, and corporate clients through comprehensive investment solutions, brokerage services, and investment banking services. Maximum revenue is generated from the Canaccord Genuity Wealth Management segment, which provides brokerage services and investment advice to retail or institutional clients in Canada, the United States, Australia, and the UK & Crown dependencies. Geographically, the group derives maximum revenue from its business in Canada.

Bravura Solutions Ltd is engaged in the development, licensing, maintenance, and hosting of specialised administration and management software applications and the provision of professional consulting services for the Wealth Management and Funds Administration sectors of the financial services industry, internationally. The Company operates through two reportable segments: EMEA, which generates maximum revenue, comprising Europe and South Africa domiciled clients managed by a regional CEO, and APAC, comprising Australia and New Zealand domiciled clients managed by a regional CEO. EMEA provides both Wealth Management and Funds Administration products to customers. The Company generates maximum revenue from Australia.

RFA Financial Inc is a scaled and dynamic financial service platform positioned as an intersection of banking, mortgage, origination, and real estate.

XPS Pensions Group PLC is principally engaged in the provision of its consulting and administration services relating to UK pension schemes and insurers. The services provided by the company include Pensions advisory, Covenant advisory, Investment consulting, Administration, Trustee and governance services, Insurance consulting, etc. The company derives maximum revenue from advisory services, which include actuarial and consulting services provided to pension trustees and insurance companies, as well as investment consulting services.

PHI Group is a Houston-based helicopter-services business with a long operating history in energy, air medical and other mission-critical aviation markets. The company provides aircraft, pilots, maintenance and operational support to organizations that need safe transport in demanding or remote environments. Energy customers use its offshore services to move personnel and equipment, while healthcare partners use its air-medical capabilities for patient transport. PHI earns revenue from aviation-service contracts and related aircraft operations rather than mergers-and-acquisitions advice or blockchain products. Its workforce and fleet support customers across several geographies and regulated operating environments. The company is unrelated to Phi, the Web3 social-gaming and identity project at philand.xyz. The live February 2023 seed deal is a target namesake error and should be moved to the new Phi record rather than used as evidence that this helicopter operator raised a crypto venture round.

Octopus Apollo VCT PLC is a venture capital trust company based in the United Kingdom. The company aims to provide shareholders with attractive tax-free dividends and long-term capital growth by investing in a diverse portfolio of predominantly unquoted companies. The company's portfolio of investments comprises of various unquoted investment instruments, including ordinary and preference shares, loan stocks and convertible securities, to achieve an appropriate balance of income and capital growth. It holds a diversified portfolio by investing in a broad range of industry sectors.

VP Bank AG is a private bank. It is in the business of asset management and investment advisory services for private individuals and intermediaries and is also involved in the lending business, money market, and interbank activities and trading activities. The segments in which the company operates are Liechtenstein & BVI, International, Asset Servicing, and Corporate Center. Its geographical segments are Liechtenstein, the Rest of Europe, and Other countries, of which Liechtenstein derives maximum revenue.

More Provident Funds And Pension Ltd, formerly More Provident Funds Ltd offers variety of long-term savings routes at different risk levels. The company offers provident funds, study funds and investment provident funds.

Foresight Group Holdings is a publicly listed investment manager founded in 1984 and headquartered in London. It manages private-market and listed investment strategies for institutional and private investors across the United Kingdom, Europe and Australia. Its real-assets business invests in renewable energy systems, natural capital, and social, transport and digital infrastructure. Its private-equity and venture teams provide growth capital to smaller companies, with a regional focus in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Foresight also operates listed trusts and tax-efficient investment products for individual investors. The group reported £13.0 billion of assets under management, more than 450 real assets and over 250 SME portfolio companies across seven countries in its current corporate profile. Foresight Group Holdings trades on the London Stock Exchange and earns fees for investment and asset management rather than operating the underlying businesses.

Patria Renda Urbana - Fundo De Investimento Imobiliario Resp Ltd formerly Credit Suisse Hedging-Griffo CV SA is engaged in the development of urban real estate projects for institutional and commercial use, that potentially generate income through sale, lease, or rental, prioritizing the acquisition of institutional or commercial real estate projects other than office buildings, shopping malls, or logistics facilities.

Tatton Asset Management PLC offers on-platform only discretionary fund management, regulatory, compliance, and business consulting services, as well as a whole of market mortgage provision, to directly authorized financial advisers across the United Kingdom. The company's business segments include Tatton and Paradigm, with the maximum revenue derived from the Tatton segment.

Finatext Holdings Ltd is engaged in providing cloud native infrastructure for wealthmanagement/insurance providers, and support data analysis development.

Altshuler Shaham is an Israeli investment house founded in 1990 by Gilad Altshuler and Kalman Shaham. The group manages pension funds, provident funds, study funds, mutual funds and discretionary investment portfolios for individual and institutional clients. It also provides retirement-planning guidance, trust services, foreign-exchange solutions, alternative-investment distribution and non-bank credit through specialized subsidiaries. Its official English profile reports approximately NIS 188 billion managed for about 2.1 million clients and investors. Investment teams allocate capital across Israeli and international public markets as well as selected alternative assets. Altshuler Shaham Finance is the group's publicly traded entity, while other regulated operating companies conduct pension, savings and portfolio-management activities. The business earns management fees, advisory fees and financing income from the products and services it provides. The group is headquartered in Tel Aviv and remains controlled by its principal shareholders alongside public investors in the listed company.

PensionBee Group PLC is engaged in the provision of direct-to-consumer online pensions. The company helps its customers combine their old pension pots, make flexible contributions, invest in line with their goals and values, and make withdrawals after attaining a certain age. It offers a range of investment plans, including fossil fuel-free and impact investing options, from various asset managers. The firm generates a vast majority of its revenue in the form of fees it charges for fund administration. These fees are earned for administering the customer pension schemes and are charged based on a fixed percentage of the value of a customer's assets held by the pension scheme. Geographically, it generates the majority of its revenue from the United Kingdom.

Fundo DE Investimento Imobiliario VBI Prime Properties is a real estate investment trust in the commercial buildings segment.

AlTi Global Inc is an independent wealth and asset manager providing entrepreneurs, multi-generational families, institutions, and emerging next-generation leaders with fiduciary capabilities as well as alternative investment strategies and advisory services. The firm has business which is organized into two business segments namely: Wealth & Capital Solutions includes providing holistic solutions for wealth management clients through comprehensive range of wealth management services, including investment management and advisory services. International Real Estate segment includes assist investors with real estate co-investments, structuring and selecting partners with a track record with risk adjusted return characteristics. The majority of revenue is from Wealth & Capital Solutions.

Bell Financial Group Ltd is a capital market service provider based in Australia. It is engaged in providing stockbroking, investment, and financial advisory services to private, institutional, and corporate clients. The reporting segments of the company are: Technology & Platforms, Products & Services, and Broking. Maximum revenue is generated from the Broking segment, which includes traditional retail client broking (Retail client focus) and traditional wholesale client broking services (Institutional and Wholesale client focus). The Technology & Platforms segment includes proprietary technology and platforms, including online broking, and the Products & Services segment represents its margin lending, cash, portfolio administration, and superannuation solutions products and services.

Brooks Macdonald Group PLC provides investment management services, handles offshore fund management and administration services, and acts as a fund manager to regulated open-ended investment companies. It provides its services to private investors, pension funds, charities, trusts, high-net-worth families, and employee benefit consultancies. It also offers specialized funds in the property and absolute return sectors and manages property assets on behalf of these funds and other clients. Additionally, the company is involved in international investment advisory services as well. The majority of its revenue is generated from the investment management business. Geographically, the company carries out all of its operations in the United Kingdom.

Neuberger Berman is a private, independent, employee-owned investment management firm headquartered at 1290 Avenue of the Americas in New York City. It manages equities, fixed income, private equity, private credit and hedge fund portfolios for institutional investors, financial advisers and high-net-worth individuals, with assets under management of about US$558 billion in 2025. Its private markets business includes NB Capital Solutions and NB Private Markets, which make direct minority equity investments in private companies, such as the commitment of up to $1.2 billion for a significant minority stake in tax firm Ryan in January 2026. The firm earns management and performance fees. It was founded in 1939 by Roy Neuberger and Robert Berman, became part of Lehman Brothers in 2003 and was bought out by its employees in 2009, forming Neuberger Berman Group LLC. George H. Walker is chief executive, and the firm employs more than 2,800 people.

Profile Systems & Software SA is a software company developing solutions for the international financial sector, business sector and the public sector. Its products include Axia, IMSplus, FMS.next, FMS.next Payments, RiskAvert, Native Wealth Management Mobile App, GS Market Suite, Plexus, Registry and Nowen-net. The company offers services in the field of Investment Management, Banking, Risk and Compliance, Capital Markets and Marketplace Lending in Europe, Middle East Asia, America and Africa.

Nuveen Real Estate Income Fund is a diversified closed-end investment company. The Fund invests in income-producing common stocks, preferred stocks, convertible preferred stocks, and debt securities issued by real estate companies.