RFA Financial Valuation Multiples

Brookfield Corp is an investment firm focused on building long-term wealth for institutions and individuals. It has seven operating segments: Asset Management, Wealth Solutions, Renewable Power and Transition, Infrastructure, Private Equity, Real Estate and Corporate Activities. It invests in real assets that form the backbone of the economy to deliver risk-adjusted returns to stakeholders. The company generates the majority of its revenue from Asset Management. It has a geographic presence in the UK, the United States, Australia, Canada, Brazil, India, Colombia, Germany, Other Europe, Other Asia, and other countries.

Brookfield Asset Management is one of the world's largest alternative-asset managers, with USD 1.151 trillion in total managed assets, including USD 580.7 billion in fee-earning AUM, at the end of September 2025. The company has three main business segments: private credit (USD 349.0 billion in total AUM and USD 262.8 billion in fee-earning AUM), private equity (USD 151.0 billion/USD 46.3 billion), and real estate/real assets (USD 651.0 billion/USD 271.6 billion). The firm primarily serves institutional investors (90% of AUM) and high-net-worth individuals (10%), and is diversified globally, with 67% of revenue from the Americas, 20% from EMEA, and 13% from Asia-Pacific. Canadian-based Brookfield Corporation owns 73% of Brookfield's outstanding Class A shares.

The roots of Generali date back to the 1830s and the Bora wind and rough seas that hit the Trieste region. Over that decade, Generali sought to expand throughout Italy, but this growth was held back by the fragmented nature of Italy. The Italian Revolution in the 1840s paved the way for easier expansion in the country. After World War I, Trieste was handed back to Italy. The dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire created a fragmented Europe and a fragmented Generali. To this day, Generali remains quite a diversified company, but its core operations remain in the historical Austro-Hungarian countries of Austria, Central and Eastern Europe, Germany, and Italy. This is the case in Generali’s nonlife business, and France is also an important contributor to life and savings.

Founded in 2012, Coinbase is the leading cryptocurrency exchange platform in the United States. The company intends to be the safe and regulation-compliant point of entry for retail investors and institutions into the cryptocurrency economy. Users can establish an account directly with the firm, instead of using an intermediary, and many choose to allow Coinbase to act as a custodian for their cryptocurrency, giving the company breadth beyond that of a traditional financial exchange. While the company still generates the majority of its revenue from transaction fees charged to its retail customers, Coinbase uses internal investment and acquisitions to expand into adjacent businesses, such as prime brokerage and data analytics.

Banco BTG Pactual S.A. is a Brazil-based banking firm. It offers financial products and services regarding commercial, investments, credit, financing, capital leases, insurance, and foreign exchange portfolios, among others, in the country and several locations abroad.

Huatai Securities Co Ltd is a financial services provider. The divisions through which the company operates include Wealth management business, Institutional services business, Investment management business, international business, and Others. It has operations spread across Mainland China and Hong Kong, while the Mainland China division generates the company revenues. The company generates key of its revenues from the wealth management business division.

Jio Financial Services Ltd is a core investment company, non-deposit taking, systemically important (CIC-ND-SI). Along with its subsidiaries, joint ventures, and associates, it is engaged in the business of Investing and Financing, mainly Leasing, Insurance broking, Payment Bank, Payment Aggregator, and Payment Gateway services.

Aegon is a life insurance and long-term savings business listed in the Netherlands. It was listed on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange in the 1980s and now has mature operations in the United States, the United Kingdom, and four growth markets of Brazil, China, Portugal, and Spain. Over recent years, Aegon has been moving through an extensive transformation program where management has sought to divest noncore operations and improve the risk profile of the business. Financial assets are the parts of the company that are now being run off. Aegon is looking to cycle out of capital-consumptive and volatile earnings products and recycle funds into capital-light and more predictable strategic businesses.

Standard Life PLC provides financial products and services related to savings and retirement planning. It serves customers directly, through financial advisers, and through employer-sponsored pension schemes.

XP Inc is a Cayman Island-based technology-driven financial services platform. It is a provider of low-fee financial products and services in Brazil. The company evaluates its business through a single segment such as monitoring operations, making decisions on fund allocation, and evaluating the performance. It generates revenue through the Brokerage commission.

Aditya Birla Capital Ltd is a financial service provider. The company's products include Non-Bank Financial Services, Housing Finance, Life Insurance, Asset Management, General Insurance Broking, Stock and Securities Broking, Health Insurance and Other Financial Services. Its operating segments consist of Lending, and Investing and Others. The Lending segment consists of Loans (personal, business, etc.), loan against property, structured finance, working capital loans, wealth management, distribution of financial products, etc. The Investing and Others segment includes investments in Group companies Geographically, it derives a majority of its revenue from India.

Charter Hall Group is the umbrella group of over 40 retail and institutional unlisted funds, as well as three listed REITs: Charter Hall Long WALE REIT, Charter Hall Retail REIT, and Charter Hall Social Infrastructure REIT. Investment management fees and property services fees from these investment vehicles are the main sources of revenue for Charter Hall. The aggregate portfolio across the platform has one third exposure to office, one third to logistics, and the remainder in retail, social infrastructure and listed equities. Charter Hall co-invests in many of the vehicles, so a portion of its earnings come from rent and fund distributions. The group also earns development revenue on projects that it manages, but this income stream is relatively small.

Techcom Securities JSC is a securities firm known for its startup culture and WealthTech innovations. The company is focusing on investment and asset management products for middle-class clients, leveraging Techcombank's branch network and building online distribution channel. The company provides provide diverse investment support products and services such as stocks, derivatives, warrants, and managing open-end funds and real estate funds.

State Grid Yingda Co Ltd, formerly Shanghai Zhixin Electric Co Ltd specializes in the development, production and sale of amorphous alloy transformers in China.

Intercorp Financial Services Inc is a provider of banking, insurance, wealth management services and payments for retail customers and commercial clients in Peru. The company has four operating segments; the Banking segment includes Mainly loans, credit facilities, deposits, and current accounts, the Insurance segment provides life annuity products with single-premium payment and conventional life insurance products and other retail insurance products, the Wealth Management segment provides brokerage and investment management services. Its geographical segments include Peru and Panama.

Mirvac started off as a residential property developer and over time expanded into property investment, funds management, and commercial property development. Investment is the major earnings driver, generating about two-thirds of group earnings. The investment portfolio, by book value, is made up of 50% office, 20% retail, 15% industrial and the rest is build-to-rent and land lease assets. Longer term, Mirvac aims to increase exposure to the industrial and living sectors and own fewer offices and retail centers. Development income is volatile and was around one-fourth of fiscal 2025 group earnings. Besides developing apartments and houses, which Mirvac is best known for, it is also involved in commercial and mixed-use precinct developments.

PennyMac Financial Services Inc is a specialty financial services firm with a comprehensive mortgage platform mainly focused on the production and servicing of U.S. residential mortgage loans. The firm is also engaged in managing investments related to the U.S. mortgage market and provides products and services that leverage technologies to support customers. The company operates through two reportable operating segments: production and servicing. The production segment performs loan origination, acquisition, and sale activities, while the servicing segment performs servicing and subservicing of loans, early buyout transactions, and servicing of loans sourced and managed for PMT. The majority of revenue comes from the production segment.

360 One Wam Ltd is a holding company to its subsidiaries engaged in wealth and asset management services, including financial asset distribution, broking, lending, credit, and investment solutions, and asset and portfolio management. Its business segments are Wealth Management segment comprises the distribution of financial products, advisory, broking, and research, discretionary and non-discretionary portfolio management services, corporate treasury solutions, estate planning, and Other; and Asset Management segment generally comprises management of pooled funds under various products and structures such as mutual funds, alternative asset funds, portfolio management and related activities, including advisory, offshore spanning public, and Other.

Millrose Properties Inc is a Holding Company. The company along with its subsidiaries engages in providing operational and capital solutions for home builders and land development companies to finance the acquisition and development of land assets through its Homesite Option Purchase Platform.

Guaranty Trust Holding Co PLC is a multinational financial institution that provides individuals, businesses, private and public institutions across Africa and the United Kingdom with a broad range of market key financial products and services. The company has six reportable segments: Corporate banking which Incorporates current accounts, deposits, overdrafts, loans and other credit facilities, Commercial banking which Incorporates current accounts, deposits, overdrafts, loans and other credit facilities, Business banking which Incorporates current accounts, deposits, overdrafts, loans and other credit facilities, Retail banking which Incorporates private banking services, private customer current accounts, savings deposits, SME banking and Public sector.

Webull Corp is a digital investment platform built upon a next-generation globally infrastructure services. It strives to be the platform of choice for a new generation of investors by creating an efficient, low-cost, and easy-to-use investment platform. The company distinguishes itself from other investment service providers by offering a mobile-first user experience, a broad range of investment products, and extensive functionality constructed to help its customers build wealth over time. The company arms each customer with the tools it needs to develop into what it refers to as an informed investor - one who understands the market and has the confidence to succeed as an investor. The Webull platform originally provided users with free access to market data and analytical tools.

Keppel REIT is a commercial real estate investment trust with a SGD 11.7 billion portfolio of assets (as of Dec. 31, 2025) across Singapore, Australia, South Korea, and Japan. The majority of its assets are in Singapore, where it owns a 100% stake in Keppel Bay Tower, a 79.9% stake in Ocean Financial Centre, 66.7% stake in Marina Bay Financial Centre 3 and a 33.33% stake in Marina Bay Financial Centre 1 and 2 and One Raffles Quay. The trust is externally managed by Keppel REIT Management, a subsidiary of Keppel Capital. Parent Keppel Ltd. currently retains an approximate 38% stake in Keppel REIT.

Dream Industrial Real Estate Investment Trust is an unincorporated, open-ended real estate investment trust. Its portfolio comprises industrial properties located in key markets across Canada, Europe and the USA. Its objective is to build upon and grow its portfolio and to provide stable and sustainable cash distributions to its unitholders.The reportable operating segments of its investment properties and results of operations are segmented into the following components: Ontario, Quebec, Western Canada, Europe, the U.S., Dream Summit JV and Development JV.

Angel One Ltd is a retail broking house in India. It is a technology-led financial services company providing broking and advisory services, margin funding, loans against shares, and financial product distribution to clients under the brand Angel Broking. Broking and allied services are offered online and on a digital platform.

Rathbones Group PLC provides investment and wealth management services to private clients, NPOs, and trustees. The group also provides other banking, financial advisory, tax, legal, and trust services. Alongside investment management services, Rathbone provides unit trust and multi-asset fund products sold through intermediaries to the retail sector. Nearly all the funds under management fall under the investment management category, with private clients contributing the majority of a portion of assets.

AMP, originally established as the Australian Mutual Provident Society, is a financial services provider in Australia and New Zealand. The firm’s offerings span across wealth platforms, superannuation products, along with banking services like home loans and savings accounts through AMP Bank. Previously, AMP had a global investment management division under its subsidiary, AMP Capital, which managed a range of asset classes; an insurance business, AMP Life; as well as a financial advice business. These businesses were sold to various institutions throughout 2020-2024 as part of AMP's simplification program.

Insignia Financial (formerly IOOF) provides wealth-management advice and products via a multibranded strategy, and a vertically integrated business model. Insignia's advice business provides financial planning services to both the mass affluent and high-net-worth clients. It also services non-Insignia advisors, providing compliance and other administrative services. Furthermore, Insignia offers platform products, which generates fees mainly from superannuation and non-superannuation investments accessed via its own platforms. It also derives revenue via some third-party platforms sourced from its aligned advisors. Lastly, the firm has an investment management segment.

Fibra Mty S.A.P.I. DE C.V. acquires and manages a portfolio of first-class corporate properties with a focus on the office and industrial sectors. Its property portfolio includes Monza 2, Prometeo, Nico 1, Fortaleza, La Perla, Patria and Cienega 3 among others.

iFAST Corp Ltd is an investment holding company. It is engaged in the development of software, marketing of unit trusts, exchange-traded funds, listed stocks, debt securities, and Singapore government securities through websites and acting as an investment advisor, dealer, and custodian in the securities. The company operates through geographic segments are Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia, United Kingdom, and China. The Singapore region generates maximum revenue for the company. iFAST receives revenue in the form of commissions and fees.

Walker & Dunlop Inc is a United States-based commercial real estate finance company. It is principally engaged in originating, selling, and servicing a number of multifamily and other commercial real estate financing products that are sold under the programs of Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, Ginnie Mae, and the Federal Housing Administration. The company is managed based on three reportable segments: Capital Markets (CM), Servicing & Asset Management (SAM), and Corporate. The company generates a majority of total revenue from gains from mortgage banking activities and servicing fees. It conducts business solely in the United States.

IndiGrid Infrastructure Trust, formerly India Grid Trust is an infrastructure investment trust established to own inter-state power transmission assets in India. The projects comprise extra high voltage (EHV) overhead power transmission lines, comprising approximately seven 765 kV transmission lines and thirty 400 kV transmission lines. The company has two distinct reportable segments: Power Transmission and Power generation. The power Transmission segment generates the majority of revenue and is engaged in the business of owning and maintaining transmission assets. The power Generation segment includes entities in the business of generating power through renewable sources such as solar etc.

Ellington Financial Inc is a specialty finance company. Its primary investment objective is to generate attractive, risk-adjusted total returns for its shareholders by making investments. The company has two reportable segments; The Investment Portfolio Segment is focused on investing in a diverse array of financial assets, including residential and commercial mortgage loans, residential mortgage-backed securities, non-mortgage- and mortgage-related derivatives, debt and equity investments in loan origination companies, and other strategic investments, and The Longbridge Segment is focused on the origination and servicing of reverse mortgage loans. it acquires reverse mortgage loans both through its origination activities and through secondary market purchases.

Guardian Capital Group Ltd is a diversified financial services company. It operates in three reportable segment Investment Management and Corporate Activities and Investments. Investment Management primarily involves earning management fees relating to investment management services provided to clients; and Corporate Activities and Investments relates to the investment of the Company’s securities holdings, as well as corporate management and development activities. It derives maximum revenue from Investment Management segment. Geographically, the company operates in Canada, United Kingdom, United States and others, of which it derives maximum revenue from Canada.

Edelweiss Financial Services Ltd is mainly involved in providing investment banking services and holding company activities. The company's businesses are divided into Alternatives business, Capital business, Insurance business, Asset reconstruction business, Mutual fund business and Other business. Alternatives business includes advisory and other fee based business; Capital business, that derives maximum revenue, represents lending business and investment activities; Asset reconstruction business represents purchase and resolution of distress assets; Insurance business represents life insurance business and general insurance business. Mutual fund business represents income from asset management activities and Other business which includes custodian and CSR.

MFA Financial Inc is a specialty finance company that invests in and finances residential mortgage assets. Its principal business objective is to deliver shareholder value through the generation of distributable income and through asset performance linked to residential mortgage credit fundamentals. The company selectively invests in residential mortgage assets with a focus on credit analysis, projected prepayment rates, interest rate sensitivity and expected return. The company's reportable segments include mortgage-related assets; and Lima One.

Canaccord Genuity Group Inc is an independent, full-service financial services firm. The company’s segment reporting is based on the following operating segments: Canaccord Genuity Capital Markets, Canaccord Genuity Wealth Management, and Corporate and Other. It generates revenue by providing value to its individual, institutional, and corporate clients through comprehensive investment solutions, brokerage services, and investment banking services. Maximum revenue is generated from the Canaccord Genuity Wealth Management segment, which provides brokerage services and investment advice to retail or institutional clients in Canada, the United States, Australia, and the UK & Crown dependencies. Geographically, the group derives maximum revenue from its business in Canada.

XPS Pensions Group PLC is a UK employee benefits consultancy and related business services. The services provided by the company include Pensions, Investment, National Pension Trust Administration, and Self-Invested Pensions. The company derives maximum revenue from Pensions Actuarial & Consulting followed by Pensions Administration, Pensions Investment, National Pension Trust (NPT), and SIP.

Alpha Investment Inc provides capital directly to borrowers seeking financing for commercial real estate properties either for refinancing or acquisitions. The firm's loan offerings encompass originating performing commercial first mortgage loans, subordinate financings, and other commercial real estate-related debt. The firm invests in the financing of core real estate assets that include office buildings, multi-family residences, shopping centers, and hospitality, plus ground-up entitled land developments.

Octopus Apollo VCT PLC is a venture capital trust company based in the United Kingdom. The company aims to provide shareholders with attractive tax-free dividends and long-term capital growth by investing in a diverse portfolio of predominantly unquoted companies. The company's portfolio of investments comprises of various unquoted investment instruments, including ordinary and preference shares, loan stocks and convertible securities, to achieve an appropriate balance of income and capital growth. It holds a diversified portfolio by investing in a broad range of industry sectors.

Bravura Solutions Ltd is engaged in the development, licensing and maintenance of specialized administration and management software applications as well as the provision of professional consulting services. It has two operating segments: Wealth Management and Funds Administration. The company generates maximum revenue from the Wealth Management segment. Wealth Management segment platforms provide end-to-end processing to support all back-office functions relating to the daily management of superannuation, pensions, life insurance, investment, private wealth and portfolio administration. Geographically, it derives a majority of revenue from Australia and also has a presence in the UK, New Zealand, and Other Countries.

VP Bank AG is a private bank. It is in the business of asset management and investment advisory services for private individuals and intermediaries and is also involved in the lending business, money market, and interbank activities and trading activities. The segments in which the company operates are Intermediaries and Private Banking, Client Solutions and Corporate Center. Its geographical segments are Liechtenstein, the Rest of Europe, and Other countries.

More Provident Funds And Pension Ltd, formerly More Provident Funds Ltd offers variety of long-term savings routes at different risk levels. The company offers provident funds, study funds and investment provident funds.

Forge Global Holdings Inc is a financial service platform created to serve the needs of the private market. It provides marketplace infrastructure, data services, and technology solutions for private market participants. The company offers a trusted trading platform, proprietary data and insights to inform investment strategies, along with custody services to help companies, shareholders, institutions and accredited investors confidently navigate and transact in the private market.

Patria Renda Urbana - Fundo De Investimento Imobiliario Resp Ltd formerly Credit Suisse Hedging-Griffo CV SA is engaged in the development of urban real estate projects for institutional and commercial use, that potentially generate income through sale, lease, or rental, prioritizing the acquisition of institutional or commercial real estate projects other than office buildings, shopping malls, or logistics facilities.

Deutsche Pfandbriefbank AG or Pbb, is a European specialist bank focused on financing commercial real estate and public investments. The company's operating segments include the Real Estate Finance (REF) segment, which provides financing to professional real estate investors, and the Non-Core (NC) segment, which encompasses financing eligible for Pfandbrief cover for the provision and enhancement of public infrastructure, as well as non-earmarked financing to the public sector (budget financing). The Consolidation & Adjustments (C&A) segment reconciles the total of the segment results to the consolidated outcome, including income from the investment of allocated equity. The majority of the bank's revenue is derived from the Real Estate Finance segment.

Altshuler Shaham Financial Ltd is a manager of provident funds, study and pension funds. It holds a permit to operate provident funds for savings, provident pay and severance pay, central severance pay funds, study funds, central sick pay provident fund, a central provident fund for budgetary pension participation, investment provident funds, and investment provident funds - long-term savings for children (with multiple tracks). The company has two operating segments: The pension fund segment and the Provident fund segment.

PensionBee Group PLC is engaged in the provision of direct-to-consumer online pensions. The company helps its customers combine their old pension pots, make flexible contributions, invest in line with their goals and values, and make withdrawals after attaining a certain age. It offers a range of investment plans, including fossil fuel-free and impact investing options, from various asset managers. The firm generates a vast majority of its revenue in the form of fees it charges for fund administration. These fees are earned for administering the customer pension schemes and are charged based on a fixed percentage of the value of a customer’s assets held by the pension scheme. It operates in a single geographical location, the United Kingdom.

SHL Finance Co is engaged in real estate financing activities for individuals. The principal activities of the Company are to finance the purchase of houses and residential land and apartments, financing of real estate properties and financing the establishment of commercial and industrial projects.