National Securities Depository Valuation Multiples

S&P Global provides data and benchmarks to capital and commodity market participants. Its ratings business is the largest credit rating agency in the world and S&P's largest segment by profitability. S&P's largest segment by revenue is market intelligence, which provides desktop, data and advisory solutions, enterprise solutions, and credit/risk solutions mostly in the financial-services industry. S&P's other segments include energy (formerly commodity insights, this segment includes Platts and other data), mobility (Carfax), and indexes. S&P plans to spin off mobility in 2026.

Intercontinental Exchange is a vertically integrated operator of financial exchanges and provides ancillary data products. Though the company is probably best known for its ownership of the New York Stock Exchange, which it acquired in 2013, ICE operates a large derivatives exchange, too. The company's largest commodity futures product is the ICE Brent crude futures contract. In addition to the exchanges business, which is about 54% of net revenue, Intercontinental Exchange has used a series of acquisitions to create its mortgage technology business (22% of net revenue) and fixed-income and data-services segment (24% of net revenue).

Moody’s, along with S&P Ratings, is a leading provider of credit ratings on fixed-income securities. The ratings segment, Moody’s Investors Service, includes corporates, structured finance, financial institutions, and public finance ratings. MIS represents a majority of the firm’s profit and often (depending on bond issuance levels) a majority of the firm's revenue. The other segment, Moody’s Analytics, consists of decision solutions, research and insights, and data and information.

London Stock Exchange Group is a financial-markets infrastructure and information group operating exchanges, clearing, index, data, and workflow businesses. The organization serves B2B, B2G customers and counterparties through the operating assets, products, or financial capabilities described in the cited transaction materials. Its principal economics are Services, Subscription, Licensing, while its competitive position depends on sector expertise, asset quality, customer relationships, execution, and disciplined capital allocation. The business was founded in 2007 and is headquartered in London. The 2007 investment concerned the newly formed listed group around the London Stock Exchange and gave Qatar Holding a strategic blocking-scale position. The profile reflects the legal or operating business at the transaction date, including its historical identity where a subsequent listing, merger, privatization, disposal, or reorganization changed its name or ownership.

Nasdaq is an American financial technology and exchange operator headquartered at One Liberty Plaza in New York City and listed on its own Nasdaq Stock Market (NDAQ) as an S&P 500 member. It was founded on February 8, 1971 by the National Association of Securities Dealers as the world's first electronic stock market and became a public company in 2000. It runs the Nasdaq Stock Market, the Philadelphia and Boston stock exchanges and seven Nordic and Baltic exchanges in Copenhagen, Helsinki, Iceland, Riga, Stockholm, Tallinn and Vilnius, which came from its 2008 combination with OMX. The company earns listing and trading fees, sells market data, indexes and analytics, and licenses capital-markets, risk, regulatory and anti-financial-crime software to banks, brokers, asset managers, corporates and other exchanges. Its financial technology business was built largely through acquisitions of fraud-detection provider Verafin in 2020 and risk and regulatory software maker Adenza in 2023. In 2025 Nasdaq reported revenue of $8.26 billion and net income of $1.79 billion, and it had 9,162 employees in 2024. Adena Friedman is chair and chief executive.

Thomson Reuters is a leading global provider of business information services, delivering trusted data, technology, and expertise to professionals across legal, tax, accounting, risk, compliance, and the news and media sectors. Headquartered in Toronto, Canada, the company combines deep domain knowledge with data and software solutions to help clients make informed decisions, manage complexity, and drive efficiency. Thomson Reuters serves legal and accounting/tax professionals, corporations, and governments worldwide, but around 75% of revenue is generated in the US. The company is known for flagship products such as Westlaw, UltraTax CS, and Reuters News.

MSCI has described its mission as enabling investors to build better portfolios for a better world. MSCI's largest and most profitable segment is its index segment, where it provides benchmarking to asset managers and asset owners. MSCI boasts over $18 trillion in benchmarked assets, including over $2.3 trillion in ETF assets linked to MSCI indexes. The MSCI analytics segment provides portfolio management and risk management analytics software to asset managers and asset owners. In its sustainability and climate segment, MSCI provides ESG data to the investment industry. In private assets, MSCI provides real restate reporting, market data, benchmarking, and analytics to investors and real estate managers.

East Money Information Co Ltd is engaged in securities business, financial e-commerce service business, financial data service business, and Internet advertising service business. It mainly provides paid financial data services, financial e-commerce services, and Internet advertisement services through its Website, eastmoney.com. It generates majority of ots revenue from the securities business.

Experian is one of the leading credit bureaus in North America and the United Kingdom, providing the consumer information that is the basis for making lending decisions. The company also provides decision analytics, marketing data, and direct-to-consumer credit products and services. Roughly one quarter of the company's revenue is generated outside of North America and the United Kingdom, primarily in Latin America and Asia.

Founded in 1998 and headquartered in New York City, Tradeweb Markets is a leading fixed-income trading platform. While it does offer electronic processing for some voice-negotiated trades, the company focuses primarily on providing electronic trading networks that connect broker/dealers, institutional clients, and retail customers. While the company offers trading in a wide variety of products, the bulk of its business is in US and European government debt, mortgage-backed securities, interest-rate swaps, and US and international corporate bonds. The firm also sells fixed-income trading and price data, primarily through a deal with Refinitiv’s Eikon service.

Along with Experian and TransUnion, Equifax is one of the leading credit bureaus in the United States. Equifax’s credit reports provide credit histories on millions of consumers, and the firm's services are critical to lenders’ credit decisions. In addition, about 40% of the firm’s revenue comes from Workforce Solutions, which provides income verification and employer human resources services. Equifax generates about 25% of its revenue from outside the United States.

Wolters Kluwer is a global provider of professional information, software solutions, and services in health; tax and accounting; environmental, social, and governance; finance; compliance; and legal. More than 60% of revenue is generated in North America and around 30% is from Europe.

Hithink RoyalFlush Information Network Co Ltd is engaged in providing Internet financial information services and online financial software. The company's business includes an online market trading system, mobile financial information service, fund sales, financial big data processing, and cloud services. It serves individuals, brokers, funds, private placements, banks, insurance, government, and research Institutional clients.

Broadridge Financial Solutions, which was spun off from Automatic Data Processing in 2007, is a leading provider of investor communication and technology-driven solutions to banks, broker/dealers, traditional and alternative-asset managers, wealth managers, and corporate issuers. Broadridge is composed of two operating segments: investor communication solutions and global technology and operations.

TransUnion, along with Equifax and Experian, is one of the three leading credit bureaus in the United States, providing the consumer information that is the basis for granting credit. The company also provides fraud detection, marketing, and analytical services. TransUnion operates in over 30 countries. About 20%-25% of its revenue comes from international markets.

FactSet provides financial data and portfolio analytics to the global investment community. The company aggregates data from third-party data suppliers, news sources, exchanges, brokerages, and contributors into its workstations. In addition, it provides essential portfolio analytics that companies use to monitor portfolios and address reporting requirements. Buy-side clients (including wealth and corporate clients) account for over 80% of FactSet's annual subscription value. In 2015, the company acquired Portware, a provider of trade execution software. In 2017, it acquired BISAM, a risk management and performance measurement provider. In 2022, it completed its purchase of CUSIP Global Services.

Morningstar Inc is a provider of independent investment insights to financial advisers, asset managers, and investors. It provides data and research insights on various investment offerings, including managed investment products, publicly listed companies, private capital markets, debt securities, and real-time market data. The company has five reportable segments: Morningstar Direct Platform, PitchBook, Morningstar Credit, Morningstar Wealth, and Morningstar Retirement. Maximum revenue is derived from the Morningstar Direct Platform, which provides investors with comprehensive data, research, insights, and investment analysis through product areas such as Morningstar Data, Morningstar Direct, and Morningstar Advisor Workstation. Geographically, it generates maximum revenue from the USA.

Mobility Global Inc provides mobility data, analytics, and related technology solutions across the vehicle lifecycle. Its portfolio includes CARFAX, automotiveMastermind, Polk Automotive Solutions, and Market Scan, which provide data, forecasting, insights, and technology solutions to automakers, suppliers, dealer groups, media companies, financial institutions, and consumers.

Beijing Compass Technology Development Co Ltd is the provider of professional financial data analysis and securities investment advisory services. The company is a securities analysis software developer and securities information service provider in China.

Marex Group PLC offers a diversified financial services platform providing essential liquidity, market access, and infrastructure services to clients across energy, commodities, and financial markets. It provides critical services to the clients by connecting them to exchanges and providing various execution and hedging services across its assets and products. The group operates in a large and fragmented market with infrastructure requirements and regulatory and technological complexity. It has five segments Clearing, Agency and Execution, Market Making, Hedging and Investment Solutions, and The Corporate. The group generates revenue from Agency and Execution that matches buyers and sellers by facilitating price discovery across the energy and financial securities markets.

CRISIL Ltd provides research and analytics solutions for clients of all sizes. It operates through segments of Ratings services, and Research, Analytics & Solutions. The Ratings services segment includes credit ratings for corporates, banks, bank loans, credit analysis services, grading services and global analytical services. The Research, Analytics and solutions segment which generates key revenue, includes global research and risk solutions, industry reports, customized research assignments, subscription to data services, independent equity research (IER), IPO gradings, training, credit ratings for small and medium enterprises, advisory services and a comprehensive range of risk management tools, analytics and solutions to financial institutions, banks and corporates in India.

Shenzhen Fortune Trend Technology Co Ltd is engaged in research and development of securities analysis systems and computer communication systems. It provides securities investment analysis system for securities institutions and investors under the brand Tongdaxin. Tongdaxin's well-known online trading products are: China Merchants Securities Zhiyuan One Account, Guoxin Securities Golden Sun Edition, CITIC Securities Zhixin All-rounder, GF Securities Financial Terminal, Galaxy Securities Neptune, Guotai Junan Securities Fuyi, among others.

TP ICAP GROUP PLC provides broking professional intermediary services to match buyers and sellers of different financial, energy, and commodities products. Its role includes creating liquidity and price discovery in markets and providing insight and context to the clients. The company provides proprietary over-the-counter ('OTC') pricing information in the world with the data on financial, energy, and commodities products. Its clients include banks, insurance companies, pension funds, asset managers, hedge funds, central banks, energy producers and refiners, risk and compliance managers, and charities. The company's segments include Global Broking which generates key revenue, Energy & Commodities, Liquidnet, Parameta Solutions, and Corporate.

Servyou Software Group Co Ltd is a comprehensive service provider of fiscal and taxation information in China. It offers tax system development and operation and maintenance for tax authorities, and provides comprehensive Internet financial and taxation services for taxpayers and financial and tax intermediaries with the Yiqiying brand.

Shanghai DZH Ltd operates as an Internet financial information service provider in China. It offers professional financial data and data analysis services. It also provides non-investment consulting and agency-specific software products. In addition, the company offers financial information integrated services internationally.

GlobalData PLC is a UK-based data analyzing and publishing company. The firm conducts industry analysis and research reports and also provides forecasts to help its clients make informed decisions. The company has spread across the Asia Pacific, EMEA, Latin and North America serving clients from the consumer, information communications technology, and healthcare markets. The Group operates within two segment, Data Analytics: Healthcare, and insights: Non-Healthcare. Company operates in Uk, Europe, USA, Asia Pacific, Middle East and North Africa, and Others. Majority of revenue is from USA.

CARE Ratings Ltd is an India-based company credit rating firm. The company's operating segment includes Ratings and related services and Others. It generates maximum revenue from the Ratings and related services segment. The company provides ratings for the Corporate Sector; Financial Sector; Structured Finance; Insurance Sector; Infrastructure Sector and others.

Finatext Holdings Ltd is engaged in providing cloud native infrastructure for wealthmanagement/insurance providers, and support data analysis development.

Value Line Inc is a U.S based company. It produces investment periodicals based on underlying research and making available copyright data, including ranking system and other information, to third parties under written agreements for use in third-party managed and marketed investment products and for other purposes. The company markets under brands including Value Line, the Value Line logo, The Value Line Investment Survey, Smart Research, Smarter Investing and a trusted name in Investment Research. Its only operating segment being Publishing.

HCR Co Ltd is a data intelligence solution provider. The company has built an data intelligence system of which the functions include data integration, data insight and data implementation to provide one-stop solution to customer, combined with the accumulated knowledge and means of market research, as well as the artificial intelligence technology.

Bairong Inc is an independent AI-powered technology platform in China serving the financial services industry. The company is engaged in MaaS, BaaS - Financial Scenario, and BaaS - Insurance business. is driven by science and technology, and continuously explores the scenarios and applications of cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, privacy computing, human-machine collaboration, multimodal AI, and others.

NZX Ltd facilitates capital raising and securities trading. Its main function is to provide a market for the trading, clearing, and settlement of securities. It also provides market data relating to listed companies and indexes. It operates the New Zealand securities, derivatives, and energy markets, builds and maintains the infrastructure on which it operates, and provides a range of information and data to support market growth and development on a scale. NZX also provides wealth management services for New Zealand advisers via its Wealth Technologies business. Its segments include Markets which generates key revenue, Funds Management, and Wealth Technologies.

Fintel PLC is engaged in UK retail financial services in the provision of financial data and intelligence embedded in digital technologies. The company's principal activity is the provision of Fintech and support services to the UK retail financial services sector. The company's segment includes Intermediary Services; Distribution Channels and Fintech and Research. It generates maximum revenue from the Intermediary Services segment. Intermediary Services provides compliance and regulation services to individual financial intermediary Member Firms, including directly authorized IFAs, directly authorized mortgage advisers, workplace consultants and directly authorized wealth managers.

CTOS Digital Bhd is engaged in activities such as credit reporting agency, digital software-related services including software development, outsourcing, provision of training services, and provision of alternative data credit scoring. It serves three types of customers, namely Key Accounts, Commercial, and Direct-to-Consumer. The company's geographical segments include Malaysia which generates key revenue, and International.

Credit Bureau Asia Ltd is a provider of credit and risk information solutions in Southeast Asia. The company provides credit and risk information solutions to a client base of banks, financial institutions, multinational corporations, telecommunication companies, government bodies and public agencies, local enterprises, and individuals across Singapore, Malaysia, Cambodia, and Myanmar (the Territories). Its products and services include credit and risk information reports, credit scores, monitoring services, data trends and analytics, and client-specific tailored solutions. The company has two segments; the Financial Institution Data Business and the Non-Financial Institution Data Business, covering both consumer and commercial credit risk information.

Smartbroker Holding AG operates as a trading portal. It offers information regarding market, economics and finance. The company also provides community news, commentary and analysis and security details to equities, commodities ETFs, funds and certificates.

FnGuide Inc is engaged in providing financial information online, and is broadly divided into financial information services, index development and provision, fund evaluation, and solutions. Its clients include financial institutions such as securities firms, asset management companies, investment advisory firms, and banks, as well as research institutes such as universities and research centers.

Business Online PCL is a service provider and developer of local and world-wide financial information systems. It also has an online and offline business information service provider as well as consulting service and database management. The company solution includes Corpus X, Xignal, Matchlink, Dun and Bradstreet, and Debtline.

SysJust Co Ltd is a Taiwan based company involved in providing online financial database services. It provides online real-time quotation service in line with the function of stand-alone board. The products offered by the company include XQ Global Winner, XS Strategic Radar and XQ Action Platform among others.

Luzon Credit and Finance Ltd operates an online credit brokerage platform.

Marketwise Inc is a multi-brand subscription services platform providing premium financial research, software, education, and tools for investors. Its products are built for high-value financial research, education, actionable investment ideas, and investment software. It is a digital, direct-to-consumer company offering its research across a variety of platforms including mobile, desktops, and tablets.

Stock3 AG is a technology company specializing in stock exchanges and trading. The group operates a web platform and associated mobile applications, offering the following solutions: technical infrastructure and editorial content related to capital markets; targeted outreach to an audience with active trading and investment behavior, to its advertising partners; a terminal solution for financial market data and analysis to market participants, and the opportunity to conduct securities transactions with various brokers via the parent company's web platform and mobile applications. Geographically, the group is currently active in the DACH region, with a focus on Germany.

Tracxn Technologies Ltd provides a market intelligence platform, providing data and software for private companies. The company's extensive database and customized solutions and features allow its customers to source and track companies across sectors and geographies to address requirements. It offers private company data to its customers for deal sourcing, identifying M&A targets, deal diligence, analysis, and tracking emerging themes across industries and markets, among other uses, through its Tracxn platform on a subscription basis. Geographically, the company generates its revenue from India, the United States of America, and other countries.

Aether Holdings Inc is an emerging financial technology platform company offering proprietary research, analytics, data, and tools for institutional and retail equity traders through its cloud-based platform, SentimenTrader.com. The platform integrates AI tools with the expertise of evidence-based trading veterans, collecting data 24/7 from sources including Bloomberg, CBOE, Consensus, CFTC, End of Day Historical Data, and Intercontinental Exchange. It covers U.S. equity and option securities, using market sentiment indicators and deep learning to create trade ideas, strategies, models, and analysis. Revenue is generated through subscriptions to SentimenTrader, IPO Stream, and Altcoin, including free subscribers, Average conversion rate from free to Paid Subscribers, and paid subscribers.

Inderes Oyj mission is to bring listed companies and investors together. The company has more than 150 listed companies as customers, which want to serve owners and the investor community by providing better investor communication. Inderes' investor community includes more than 64,000 active members interested in investing in equities.

Investview Inc operates a financial technology services company, offering several different lines of business, provides research, education, and investment tools designed to assist the self-directed investor in successfully navigating the financial markets. The services include research, trade alerts, and live trading rooms that consist of instruction in equities, options, FOREX, ETFs, binary options, crowdfunding, and cryptocurrency mining services and sector education. The company has three reportable segments: Financial Education and Technology, Blockchain Technology and Crypto Mining Products and Services, and Manufacturing and Development of Health, Beauty and Wellness Products.

Alpcot Holding AB is a financial platform for personal finance and leads the digital transformation of the financial industry in Sweden. It provide advice to corporate customers regarding occupational pension plans and associated risk insurance.

Matriks Finansal Teknolojiler AS provides clients with real-time data, news, and commentary related to Turkish and world-wide financial markets, along with analysis capabilities, and to develop and provide technological solutions, trading platforms, order and risk management systems, for markets. Its activities include the provision of all types of software, hardware, and consultancy services; the dissemination of data via the internet; and the import, export, purchase, and sale of all machinery and equipment necessary for such data dissemination.