S.S. Lazio Valuation Multiples

Liberty Media Corp along with its subsidiaries is engaged in the media and entertainment industries in North America and the United Kingdom. The company owns interests in a high-quality portfolio of assets across the media, entertainment and sports industries. The company derives its maximum revenue from United Kingdom.

Rogers Communications is the largest wireless service provider in Canada with more than 11 million subscribers, equating to one-third of the total Canadian market. Rogers' wireless business accounts for more than half of total revenue and has been growing at a higher rate than other segments. The cable segment, which provides about 38% of total revenue after acquiring Shaw, offers home internet, television, and landline phone service to consumers and businesses. Remaining sales come from Rogers' media unit, which owns and operates various television and radio stations and major Toronto sports franchises, including the Blue Jays, Maple Leafs, Raptors, Toronto FC, and Argonauts.

TKO Group Holdings Inc is a sports and sports entertainment company that operates combat sports and sports entertainment companies. It owns and manages valuable sports and entertainment intellectual property. The company distributes content and monetizes its intellectual property through four activities: Media rights, production, and content, Live events and hospitality, Partnerships and marketing and Consumer products licensing, The company has two reportable segments, UFC and WWE. The company generates majority of revenue from the UFC segment. The UFC segment revenue consists of media rights fees associated with the distribution of its programming content, ticket sales, and site fees associated with the business's international live events.

Madison Square Garden Sports Corp owns and operates a portfolio of assets featuring some of the recognized sports teams, including the Knicks of the NBA and the Rangers of the NHL. It generates revenue from several sources: ticket sales and a portion of suite rental fees at The Garden and others. It has one operating and reportable segment and one reporting unit for goodwill impairment testing purposes.

Endeavor Group Holdings Inc is an entertainment and sports company. The company owns and operates sports and entertainment properties, including UFC and WWE through its majority ownership of TKO, produces and distributes sports and entertainment content, owns and manages exclusive live events and experiences, and represents top sports, entertainment, and fashion talent, as well as blue chip corporate clients. Its reportable segments are Owned Sports Properties, Events, Experiences & Rights, and Representation. Maximum revenue is generated from its Owned Sports Properties segment, which is comprised of a portfolio of sports and entertainment properties, including UFC, WWE, PBR, and Euroleague. Geographically, it derives key revenue from the United States.

Manchester United PLC operates as a professional football club with related activities, generating revenue prominently through commercial, broadcasting, and matchday segments. The commercial segment monetizes the various brands via sponsorships, retail, merchandising, apparel, and product licensing. Broadcasting revenue comes from television rights linked to football leagues and competitions, alongside content delivered through its dedicated TV channel all over the globe. Matchday income includes ticket sales, hospitality, merchandise, and services at its stadium. Manchester United is based in England. The company’s operations and fan base extends to many countries, supporting a diversified revenue model based on brand engagement and football-related content.

Atlanta Braves Holdings Inc is a holding company. It operates through its wholly-owned subsidiary, which is the owner and operator of the Atlanta Braves Major League Baseball Club and the mixed-use real estate development, The Battery Atlanta, and is the operator of the Atlanta Braves Major League Baseball Club’s stadium, Truist Park. The company predominantly derives revenue related to the Braves baseball franchise and Truist Park from ticket sales, concessions, local broadcasting rights, advertising sponsorships, suites and premium seat fees, retail and licensing revenue, shared MLB revenue streams, including national broadcasting rights and licensing, and other sources. The company's reportable segments include: Baseball which generates key revenue, and Mixed-Use Development.

Juventus Football Club SpA operates as a professional football club in Italy. It generates revenue from the sale of tickets, sponsorship activities, sale of advertising space, licensing of television and media rights. The company's main segment is participation in national and international competitions and the organization of matches. The greater part of the Company’s business activity is carried out in Italy.

Ollamani SAB is a holding company that operates through its subsidiaries in various businesses, including the Football Business, which is the Company that owns Club America, a professional soccer team with championships in Mexico and considered one of the popular teams. Estadio Azteca is the company that owns and operates the Estadio Azteca. Games and Sweepstakes Business under the PlayCity brand, the company operates eighteen casinos in Mexico with food and beverage service, as well as a website in the one that offers sports betting and casino betting. The Company's operations are classified into three segments: Football Segment, Gaming Segment, and Publishers and Distributors Segment.

Fenerbahce Futbol Anonim Sirketi manages the Fenerbahce Sports Club in Turkey. The facilities provided by the sports club includes The Stadium, The Social Venue, The Training Complex, The Sports Hall, and The Swimming Pool among others.

Borussia Dortmund GmbH & Co KGaA operates a football club. The company conducts its business through the following segments: Borussia Dortmund GmbH & Co. KGaA operates a football club that includes a professional football squad and leverages revenue potential from player transfers, catering, TV marketing, sponsorship, and ticketing. The BVB Merchandising segment consists of a separate merchandising business. The BVB Event and Catering GmbH segment conducts tours, provides and arranges event staffing services, plans and organizes, caters, and manages events of all types. The Besttravel Dortmund GmbH segment arranges travel by air, rail, and ship. The company earns the majority of its revenues from the Borussia Dortmund GmbH & Co. KGaA segment.

Eagle Football Group is a holding company. It is engaged in sporting events, entertainment, and media sector in France. This company has a club that owns a private and modern stadium connected to it. The company earns its revenue through various resources which include ticketing, sponsoring and advertising, media and marketing rights, brand-related revenue, events, and player trading. It sells various products such as watches, goodies, car accessories, and others.

Galatasaray Sportif Sinai Veticari Yatirimlar AS is a Turkey-based company engages in the promotion of Galatasaray professional football team. Its activities include sponsorship, production of licensed goods, advertising, public relations and media.

Celtic PLC through its subsidiary is engaged in the operation of a professional football club. Business activity of the company includes Football and Stadium Operations, Merchandising, and Multimedia and Other Commercial Activities. The group operates only in the United Kingdom and the majority of revenue for the company is generated from Football and Stadium Operations.

Parken Sport & Entertainment AS is a Denmark based company engaged in the leisure and entertainment industry. The company manages PARKEN soccer stadium and operates the professional soccer club F.C. Kobenhaven. It also hosts rock concerts, car racing, and large conference. Geographically, operations are primarily functioned in the region of Denmark.

ZO Future Group is an investment holding company principally engaged in the operation of the football club in the United Kingdom. The activity of the company includes offering season and match day tickets, television broadcasting, and local media businesses. Its segments are the operation of a professional football club; new energy automobiles and related business; Investment in properties; and healthcare business. The company's activity functions in the United Kingdom and it generates revenue through corporate hospitality income, merchandising income, sponsorship income, and conference income. The company generates the majority of its revenue from the operation of a professional football club in the UK.

Sociedad Hipodromo Chile SA is predominantly engaged in organizing horse races and horse race betting. It is also involved in the promotion of the horse breed and the breeding, sale, and importation of fine-blooded racehorses. In addition, it develops appropriate centers for horse training and organizes various events such as exhibitions, races, and contests.

Sporting Clube de Portugal-Futebol is a football club playing in Portugal. The company is engaged in participation in professional football competitions, promotions and organization of sports events and activities related to football.

Sport Lisboa e Benfica-Futebol is a football club. The club derives income from activities related to the sale of audiovisual rights, sponsorship, advertising space, royalties, and transfer of players. Its products portfolio includes t-shirts, scarves, and sweaters for men, women, and kids.

AFC Ajax NV operates a football club. It also owns and operates a football stadium. The company through its online shop offers items such as football kits and training items. It derives revenue from selling television and merchandising rights and advertising.

Besiktas Futbol Yatirimlari Sanayi Ve Ticaret AS owns and operates soccer club in Turkey. The various teams of the company include Football Home, Basketball Home, Handball Home, and Volleyball Home among others.

Seoul Broadcasting System Co Ltd is a Korea based radio and television broadcasting company. Its broadcasting areas include drama, entertainment, culture, news, and sports.

Trabzonspor Sportif Yatirim Ve Futbol Isletmeciligi Ticaret AS is a Turkey-based company that facilitates the live broadcasting, sponsorship, advertising and marketing agreements of Trabzonspor Football Club.

Renaissance Inc is mainly engaged in the operation of sports clubs in Japan. Its business activities include fitness club, swimming school, tennis school, golf school, health promotion business at local governments and enterprises, nursing care rehabilitation business, other related business.

AGF AS through its subsidiaries is engaged in professional sports activities. The Company is active in two business segments namely AGF Football which includes the operation of AGF's football team, youth team and Esport; Ceres Park and Arena which includes the operation of the Ceres Park and Arena sports and event facility.

Brisbane Broncos Ltd operates in the sport and entertainment businesses, gaming monitoring, and ancillary services businesses. The principal activities of the company are the management and operation of the Brisbane Broncos Rugby League Football teams, a National Rugby League competition participant. It generates revenue from sponsorship sales, merchandise sales, royalties, membership, and others. Geographically, the group operates in Australia only.

Futebol Clube do Porto - Futebol SAD participates, promotes and organizes football matches and sports events. In addition, it owns and operates teams in basketball, handball, roller-hockey, billiards, swimming, and athletics. Geographically, the business activities are carried out through the region of Portugal.

SA de Deportes Club de Golf Santiago is engaged in the leisure and recreational industry. The Company's main activities are promotion of sports and the operation of Club de Golf los Leones, a private golf club located in Santiago. Its activities include fitness center, restaurants, nursery school.

Highlight Communications AG is a Switzerland-based financial holding company. The company is a film production and license company in German-speaking countries. Its combined operating segments include Film, Sports, and Sports-and Event-Marketing. In the Film segment, the company along with its subsidiaries is a producer and distributor of cinema, video, and TV films. In addition to owning and co-producing, it acquires the exploitation rights to third-party productions. The sports segment mainly comprises activities in the TV and digital areas with the umbrella brand SPORT1 and in the area of production, content solutions services, and content marketing with PLAZAMEDIA. In the Sports- and Event-Marketing segment, the company is engaged in the marketing of international events.

PT Bali Bintang Sejahtera Tbk is an Indonesian professional club based in Gianyar, Bali. It operates a club under the name known as Bali United Football Club. The Company operates in sports services, with segments including professional football club management, sports agency services like sponsorship and live streaming, and other ventures such as cafes and radio. It generates maximum revenue from the agency segment.

Club de Polo y Equitacion SA POLO is engaged in the operation and management of the sports club, focusing mainly on polo, golf, tennis, horseback riding and soccer. Its activities are restricted for their members and guests. Its objective is to acquire real estate for sports activities, to build and install in them especially polo fields, diving courts, riding schools, stables, courtsof golf, tennis courts.

Grand Prix International PCL is engaged in providing space for motor shows, exhibitions, and automotive-related products and marketing promotion services, Advertising media in printing, television, and website, Production and distribution of books, Printing services, and Others. The business operation of the company is divided into segments, namely Activities Services, Media & Publishing, Printing Services, and the Other segment. The company derives a majority of its revenue from the Activities Services segment.

Valparaiso Sporting Club SA is engaged in the business of racing purebred horses, which it directly manages. Through its subsidiaries, it also provides care for racehorses and is responsible for televising this show horse. It also conducts concerts, business events, social events, and regional and national-level events.

Sporting Clube de Braga Futebol Sad is a professional sports company based at Braga Municipal Stadium, Portugal, engaged in professional football through national and international competitions, athlete training, sports event promotion, and related commercial and infrastructure activities. It operates men’s, women’s, youth, and reserve teams supported by the Sports City complex and training academy, generating revenue from licensing, broadcast rights, sponsorship, merchandising, ticketing, and corporate event packages. The company manages athletes’ registration rights, training facilities, and stadiums, including the Amelia Morais Stadium, with a focus on performance, financial sustainability, talent development, and operational strength. Its presence is mainly in Portugal.

Azul Azul SA owns the Universidad de Chile soccer club. It organizes, produces, markets, and participates in professional activities of entertainment and recreation sporting. It also provides counseling services, support, equipment, and event management services. It has three segments; Bordero Collection, Advertising Revenue, and Other Revenue. The Bordero Collection segment is related to the income associated with the collections of the matches played by the Club in National Tournaments, International Tournaments, and Friendly Matches, and the Advertising segment which generates maximum revenue is related to income from stadium advertising, sponsorship, and merchandising.

Club Hipico de Santiago SA owns and operates horse racetracks. It also engages in organizing horse racing betting, and other businesses. The company's operating segments are; Betting, Veterinary clinic segment, Weddings and events, and Others. A majority of its revenue is generated from the Betting segment which represents income generated from the sale of bets according to the agreement between the racetracks. The Veterinary clinic segment is related to the care of fine blood horses in the Veterinary Clinic, and the Weddings and events segment represents income generated from renting halls for weddings and other events.

Glad Cube Inc operates in the following reportable segments: Marketing DX Business, and Technology Business. The majority of its revenue is generated from the Marketing DX Business, which is a proposal-based operation of all kinds of internet advertising, including listing ads, DSP ads, and SNS ads. In addition, it is involved in content creation for use and videos, website analysis using its own SiTest, access analysis, site creation, and consulting, and offers clients comprehensive digital marketing strategies through routing. The Technology business includes in-house developed media operations for SPAIA, AI-based predictions for professional baseball games, and super player names. It also provides customers with contract development services such as system and application development.

Sportfran SA SPORTFRAN provides real estate services.

Blanco & Negro SA is engaged in the organizing, producing, marketing and participates in shows and activities such as recreational and entertainment professionals of sporting and recreational nature, and among others. It operates as a club with the object of entertainment and relaxation with the sport & recreational character.

Cruzados SADP act as a professional soccer. It organizes, produces, markets and participates in sports professional activities, related to football. It has two segments such as Collection and Commercial.

MMA Inc develops technology solutions for the martial arts and combat sports sector. Its platform is designed to support gyms and related businesses by improving areas such as sales channels, customer onboarding, and member engagement. The platform also connects participants, gyms, and communities within the sector, enabling digital management and interaction.

Aalborg Boldspilklub AS is a Denamrk-based firm which is engaged in entertainment and sports activities, Its operations include the organization and operation of sports such as football, ice hockey, rental of function rooms and lounges for conferences & leases out facilities as sports hotels.