Rubicon Water Valuation Multiples

First Solar designs and manufactures solar photovoltaic panels, modules, and systems for use in utility-scale development projects. The company's solar modules use cadmium telluride to convert sunlight into electricity. This is commonly called thin-film technology. First Solar is the world’s largest thin-film solar module manufacturer. It has production lines in Vietnam, Malaysia, the United States, and India.

Nextpower (and its subsidiaries) is a leading provider of intelligent, integrated solar tracker and software solutions used in utility-scale and distributed generation solar projects around the world. Nextpower's products enable solar panels in utility-scale power plants to follow the sun’s movement across the sky and optimize plant performance. Nextpower has operations in the United States, Mexico, Spain and other countries in Europe, India, Australia, the Middle East, Africa, and Brazil.

Tongwei is the world's largest polysilicon producer and a leading solar cell and module supplier. The solar business contributed more than 60% of revenue in 2024. In addition, Tongwei runs a feed and food business, which made up 35% of revenue in 2024.

Jinko Solar is the largest Chinese solar module manufacturer by global shipment in 2024. Jinko's products are distributed across nearly 200 countries and regions. The company operates a vertically integrated production process, spanning from solar wafer and cell manufacturing to module production. Jinko's N-type cell capacity is industry-leading in scale.

Enphase Energy is a global energy technology company. It delivers smart, easy-to-use solutions that manage solar generation, storage, and communication on one platform. The company's microinverter technology primarily serves the rooftop solar market and produces a fully integrated solar-plus-storage solution. Enphase derives a majority of revenue from the United States.

Shanghai Baosight Software Co Ltd is a Chinese software company that develops automation and software tools for various industries. The company operates through three segments: the Software Development and Engineering Services segment, the System Integration segment, and the Service Outsourcing segment. Its operations span across areas such as information technology, industrial automation, robotics, intelligent transportation, and information infrastructure. The company’s offerings are mainly applied in sectors including steel, non-ferrous metals, chemicals, mining, new materials, renewable energy, metalworking, equipment manufacturing, urban transit systems, and infrastructure development.

CSI Solar is a leading Chinese solar module producer, ranking seventh by solar module shipments in 2024. The company's products are available in over 160 countries and regions. CSI operates a vertically integrated production process, encompassing solar wafers, cells, and module production.

Trina Solar is one of the top four Chinese solar module producers. Trina's products are available in over 170 countries and regions. The company operates a vertically integrated production process, covering everything from solar wafers and cells to complete modules.

Premier Energies Ltd is an integrated manufacturer of solar cells and solar modules. The company mainly engages in the manufacturing and trading of solar modules, solar cells, and solar accessories. The majority of the company's revenue comes from the sale of these products and silicon wafers. Additionally, the company earns revenue from the sale of manufactured solar modules and from construction and project-related activities. Geographically, the company generates almost all of its revenue within India.

Shanghai Aiko Solar Energy Co Ltd is engaged in research, manufacturing and sales of crystalline silicon solar cells. The company's products include C&I Scenario COMET Series, Residential Scenario NEOSTAR Series, Lightweight module AIR and Utility Scenario STELLAR Series.

SolarEdge Technologies designs, develops, and sells direct current optimized inverter systems for solar photovoltaic installations. The company system consists of power optimizers, inverters, and cloud-based monitoring platform and addresses a broad range of solar market segments, from residential solar installations to commercial and small utility-scale solar installations. The company sells its products directly to solar installers, engineering, procurement, and construction firms and indirectly to solar installers through distributors and electrical equipment wholesalers.

Sunrun is engaged in the design, development, installation, sale, ownership, and maintenance of residential solar energy systems in the United States. The company acquires customers directly and through relationships with various solar and strategic partners. The solar systems are constructed by Sunrun or by Sunrun’s partners and are owned by the company. Sunrun’s customers typically enter into 20- to 25-year agreements to utilize its solar energy system. The company also sells solar energy systems and products, such as panels and racking, and solar leads generated to customers.

TGS ASA provides data, intelligence, ocean bottom node (OBN) acquisition services, processing, analytics, cloud-based data applications, and other specialized services and solutions to energy companies across the energy spectrum, whether it is oil and gas, carbon capture and storage, or wind development. Its reportable segments are divided into six overall business units: Contract, Multi-client, New Energy Solutions (NES), Imaging, Shared Services. It generates the majority of its revenue from Multi-client sales.

Xinyi Solar Holdings Ltd is an investment holding company. Along with its subsidiaries, it is engaged in the production and sale of solar glass products and the development and operation of solar farms. The company's operating segments include sales of solar glass and solar farm business, which includes solar farm development and solar power generation. A majority of its revenue is generated from the sales of solar glass. Geographically, it derives maximum revenue from Mainland China, followed by other areas in Asia, North America and Europe, and other regions.

OY Nofar Energy Ltd is engaged in long-term development and investment activity of production systems of clean electricity from solar energy, systems for storing electricity in batteries in Israel, the USA, and Europe, as well as in the construction (EPC), operation, and maintenance (O&M) of photovoltaic systems in Israel and abroad.

SMA Solar Technology AG produces, develops, and sells systems and solutions for the efficient and sustainable generation, storage and use of solar energy. Its products include PV and battery inverters, monitoring systems for PV systems, charging solutions for electric vehicles as well as energy management systems, and digital services for the future energy supply. The company operates through the following segments; Home Solutions, Commercial & Industrial Solutions, and Large Scale & Project Solutions. The Large Scale & Project Solutions segment, which derives key revenue for the company, offers products, systems and solutions for industrial solar, storage and hydrogen projects as well as for the conversion of utility grids to a higher proportion of renewable energy.

Longshine Technology Group Co Ltd is engaged in the provision of software and IT services for the power and electricity industry. Its range of solutions in new energy and smart grid areas are electric vehicle smart charging service network operation management system; enterprise energy efficiency management system; wind power centralized monitoring system; smart electric substation; and mobile internet payments through Alipay.

Ygsoft Inc supplies business management and social service information systems in China. It is focused on providing enterprise management software for the energy industry. The company offers a cloud platform, cloud services, big data service, blockchain services, group resource management, comprehensive risk management, asset lifecycle management and multi-project management.

Hydrograph Clean Power Inc is engaged in the acquisition and development of graphene and hydrogen-related products and services. The company's products include Fractal graphene and Reactive Graphene.

Ballard Power Systems Inc is engaged in design, development, manufacture, sale and service of proton exchange membrane ("PEM") fuel cell products for a variety of applications, focusing on power products for bus, truck, rail, marine, stationary and emerging market (material handling, off-road and other) applications, as well as the delivery of services, including technology solutions, after sales services and training. A fuel cell is an environmentally clean electrochemical device that combines hydrogen fuel with oxygen (from the air) to produce electricity. Key geographical revenue is derived from Poland followed by United States, United Kingdom, and other countries.

Shoals Technologies Group is a provider of electrical balance of system solutions for solar energy projects, primarily in the United States. EBOS encompasses components that are necessary to carry electric current produced by solar panels to an inverter. The products are sold principally to engineering, procurement, and construction firms that build solar energy projects.

Borregaard ASA makes and sells biochemicals and biomaterials designed to replace oil-based products, It has three operating segments; BioSolutions segment develops, produces and sells biopolymers and bio vanillin from lignin used in Industries such as agrochemicals, batteries, industrial binders and construction. Bio vanillin is supplied to flavour and fragrance companies, as well as to the food and beverage industry, Biomaterials segment develops, produces and sells speciality cellulose mainly for use as a raw material in the production of cellulose ethers, cellulose acetate and other speciality products. It also includes cellulose fibrils for industrial applications, and the Fine Chemicals segment consists of fine chemical intermediates for contrast agents and bioethanol.

Array Technologies Inc manufacturer of ground-mounting systems used in solar energy projects. The company's segments include: the Array legacy operating segment (Array Legacy Operations) and the STI Operations operating segment (STI Operations). It derives maximum revenue from the Array legacy operating segment. Its product is an integrated system of steel supports, electric motors, gearboxes, and electronic controllers referred to as a single-axis tracker that moves solar panels throughout the day to maintain an optimal orientation to the sun, which increases their energy production. Geographically, the company's operations are in the United States, Australia, Spain, Brazil, and the rest of the world, with the United States deriving the majority of the revenue.

Canadian Solar Inc is a Canadian solar technology and renewable energy company. It is a manufacturer of solar photovoltaic modules, a provider of battery energy storage solutions, and a developer of utility-scale solar power and battery energy storage projects.. It operates through two business segments CSI Solar and Recurrent Energy segment. The CSI Solar segment focused on solar modules and battery energy storage manufacturing and products. Its Recurrent segment focused on utility-scale solar power and battery energy storage project development and operation. Key revenue is generated from CSI Solar segment.

JinkoSolar Holding Co Ltd is engaged in the photovoltaic industry. The firm has built a vertically integrated solar power product value chain, manufacturing from silicon wafers to solar modules. It sells solar modules under the JinkoSolar brand. The company's products include Silicon wafers, Solar cells, and Solar modules. Its geographical segments are China (including Hong Kong and Taiwan), North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Rest of the world.

MBB SE is a medium-sized, family-owned company specializing in the acquisition and management of medium-sized industrial companies with considerable technology and engineering expertise. The company's operating segment includes Technological Applications; Consumer Goods and Services and Infrastructure. It generates maximum revenue from the Service and Infrastructure segment. The Service and Infrastructure segment in IT security and cloud services. Its Technological Applications segment includes bundles subsidiaries with technical products and industrial customers.

Cw Enerji Muhendislik Ticaret Ve Sanayi Ab is a manufacturer, solution provider, and service company in the photovoltaic power generation sector. CW Enerji’s scope of products comprises solar power plant investment and technical consulting, projecting, system design, solar power plant installations, licensing, and operation, as well as licensed and unlicensed production regulations for solar power plants projects planning, designing, financing, implementation, and general maintenance matters.

Pason Systems Inc is a provider of instrumentation and data management systems for drilling rigs. The electronic drilling recorder is the company's product, and provides a complete system of drilling data acquisition, data networking, drilling management tools, and reports at both the wellsite and customer office. The company reports on three strategic business units: The North American (Canada and the United States) and International (Latin America, including Mexico, Offshore, the Eastern Hemisphere, and the Middle East) business units, all of which offer technology services to the oil and gas industry, and the Solar and Energy Storage business unit, which provides technology services to solar and energy storage developers.

PSI Software SE is a software producer in process control and information systems. Its core business consists of process control and information systems for managing energy and material flows in industries tailored to the electricity, gas, oil, and district heating sectors, engineering, automobile, and automotive supply and logistics sectors. The company's segments include Energy Management, which offers intelligent solutions for utility companies in the electricity, gas, oil, and water sectors; the Production Management segment provides solutions for planning and controlling production processes in metals production, logistics, mechanical engineering, and automotive manufacturing. It generates maximum revenue from the Energy Management segment.

RPMGlobal Holdings Ltd is engaged in the development of mining software solutions and professional development for the mining industry. The group has been advancing the mining industry through the provision of software solutions and deep domain expertis. The company brings together its technology, mining advisory, and professional development services to support mining clients in extracting more value at every stage of the mining lifecycle. Its segments include the Software Division and the Advisory Division. The group generates the majority of revenue from the Software Division, which offers software, including support (maintenance), training, and implementation services to mining companies. Geographically, the company operates in Australia, Asia, the Americas, Africa & Europe.

Suzhou Thvow Technology Co Ltd is a Chinese company engaged in the design and manufacturing of non-standard pressure vessels.

Flotek Industries Inc is a technology-driven specialty chemistry and data company. It has two reportable segments: Its Chemistry Technologies segment includes specialty chemistries, logistics and technology services. It also include integrated oil and gas companies, oilfield services companies, independent oil and gas companies, national and state-owned oil companies, and international supply chain management companies. The Data Analytics segment provides analytical measurement solutions and deliver real-time information and insights to customers to enable optimization of operations and reduction of emissions and their carbon intensity. Key revenue comes from its Chemistry Technologies segment.

Hansen is a technology company providing software and services to the energy and utilities and communications sectors throughout the developed world. Hansen’s products primarily relate to billings and adjacent functions, such as customer quotes, order capture, customer data management, and customer service. Additionally, Hansen has products assisting companies with developing new products, fulfilling orders, and managing various other operational processes.

Zhejiang Netsun Co Ltd is a high-tech enterprise specializing in Internet information services, e-commerce, professional search engines and enterprise application software development.

Toyo Co Ltd along with its subsidiaries, is engaged in research and development, production, and sales of solar cells. Geographically, the company generates revenue from Asia and the USA, out of which the majority of revenue is generated from Asia.

Kalyon Gunes Teknolojileri Uretim AS is engaged in the production and sale of solar panels. In addition, it also produces ingots, wafers and cells.

Chrysos Corp Ltd is an Australian-based provider of novel assay services to the international mining industry through its proprietary PhotonAssay technology. The company's flagship product, PhotonAssay, delivers accurate and environmentally friendly analysis of gold, silver, and complementary elements. The Group has three reportable segments, namely, EMEA, APAC, and the Americas, where the majority of revenue is generated from Australia. The Group generates revenue mainly from the deployment of PhotonAssay units with its customers.

Aduro Clean Technologies Inc is engaged in development and commercialization of its Hydrochemolytic technology (HCT) to create higher-value chemicals and fuels from lower-value feedstocks including waste plastics. It focuses on developing environmentally responsible technology for converting end-of-life plastics and tire rubber to specialty chemicals and fuels that replace petroleum, upgrading of heavy crude oils and the transformation of renewable oils into renewable fuels and specialty chemicals.

Smart Gunes Enerjisi Tek Arastirma Gelistirme Uretim San ve Tic AS, formerly Smart Gunes Teknolojileri is an integrated solar energy company operating in the area of turnkey installation services and PV module production offers a wide range of solar energy solutions to commercial and retail users. The company provides photovoltaic solar panels based on crystal silicon cells for use in the field and rooftop solar plants.

NYAB AB is a construction services provider. It is engaged in green transition in the Nordics by providing engineering, construction, and maintenance services to public and private sector clients related to renewable energy and sustainable infrastructure. In addition to the special construction, its business focuses on carbon-neutral industrial and other industries' wind power projects. Geographically, it generates maximum revenue from Sweden and the rest from Finland.

Alfa Solar Enerji Sanayi Ve Ticaret AS engages in the manufacturing of photovoltaic (PV) panels in an ultra-modern facility. Its product portfolio comprises Polycrystalline Panels, Monocrystalline Panels, and half-cut panels.

Hanyang Eng Co Ltd is engaged in the construction business. It offers construction of information technology facilities, industrial facilities, biopharmaceutical facilities, solar polysilicon production equipment, nuclear and aerospace facilities and others. It also manufactures and installs central chemical supply systems (CCSSs) and total chemical management systems (TCMS), which are used in semiconductors, displays, solar energy facilities and others.

Envipco Holding NV is a recycling technology company. It is a recognized leader in the development and operation of reverse vending machines (RVMs), automated technological systems for the recovery of used beverage containers. It is known for its latest technology and market leadership, and holds several intellectual property rights for RVM systems, including but not limited to beverage refund deposit markings, material type identification, compaction, and accounting. Geographically, it operates through Europe, which is its key revenue generating market, and North America.

Tigo Energy Inc designs solar power conversion and storage products that provide customers with more choice and flexibility. Its mission is to deliver smart hardware and software solutions that enhance safety, increase energy yield, and lower operating costs of residential, commercial, and utility-scale solar systems. Geographically the company generates revenue from EMEA, Americas, and APAC.

Energy One Ltd is a supplier of software products and services. It serves wholesale energy, environmental, and carbon trading markets. The company's only operating segment is the Energy software industry. Its geographical segments include Australasia and Europe. The company derives a majority of its revenue from Europe. Its product portfolio includes the wholesale energy trading suite; energyflow, energyoffer, NemSight, SimEnergy, enTrader, and others.

Gentrack Group Ltd is engaged in the development, integration, and support of enterprise billing and customer management software solutions for the utility (energy and water) and airport industries. The company operates in two business segments which are Utility Billing Software and Airport Management Software, of which the Utility Billing Software segment generates maximum revenue for the company. Geographically company generates from United Kingdom, also operates from Australia, New Zealand and rest of world.

Eviso SpA specializes in the supply of electricity for small and medium-sized enterprises, farms, shops and restaurants in low voltage and medium voltage. The coverage for the supply of electricity is active in all regions of Italy.

Graphene Manufacturing Group Ltd is an Australian clean-technology company that produces graphene powder through a proprietary process using natural gas as feedstock. The company focuses on energy-saving solutions and energy storage products enabled by graphene. Its product range includes THERMAL-XR, a graphene-enhanced coating system for improved heat transfer; G Lubricant, a graphene-based lubricant additive; and a graphene aluminum-ion battery under development. The company targets sectors such as HVAC refrigeration, automotive, energy storage, utilities, and infrastructure. The revenue is generated from two sources: Thermal-XR and G-Lubricant product sales and Thermal-XR coating services.