Stingray Group Valuation Multiples

Alphabet is a holding company that wholly owns internet giant Google. The California-based company derives slightly less than 90% of its revenue from Google services, the vast majority of which is advertising sales. Alongside online ads, Google services houses sales stemming from Google’s subscription services (YouTube TV and YouTube Music, among others), platforms (sales and in-app purchases on Play Store), and devices (Chromebooks, Pixel smartphones, and smart home products such as Chromecast). Google’s cloud computing platform accounts for roughly 10% of Alphabet’s revenue. The firm’s investments in up-and-coming technologies such as self-driving cars (Waymo), health (Verily), and internet access (Google Fiber) make up the rest.

Amazon is the leading online retailer and marketplace for third party sellers. Retail related revenue represents approximately 74% of total, followed by Amazon Web Services (17%), and advertising services (9%). International segments constitute 22% of Amazon's total revenue, led by Germany, the United Kingdom, and Japan.

Netflix’s relatively simple business model involves only one business, its streaming service. It has the biggest television entertainment subscriber base in both the United States and the collective international market, with more than 300 million subscribers globally. Netflix has exposure to nearly the entire global population outside of China. The firm has traditionally avoided a regular slate of live programming or sports content, instead focusing on on-demand access to episodic television, movies, and documentaries. The firm introduced ad-supported subscription plans in 2022, giving the firm exposure to the advertising market in addition to the subscription fees that have historically accounted for nearly all its revenue.

Disney operates in three global business segments: entertainment, sports, and experiences. Entertainment and experiences both benefit from the firm’s ownership of iconic franchises and characters. Entertainment includes the ABC broadcast network, several cable television networks, and the Disney+ and Hulu streaming services. Within the segment, Disney also engages in movie and television production and distribution, with content licensed to movie theaters, other content providers, or, increasingly, kept in-house for use on Disney’s own streaming platform and television networks. The sports segment houses the ESPN family of TV networks and streaming services. Experiences contains Disney’s theme parks, cruises, and vacation destinations and also engages in merchandise licensing.

Spotify is the leading global music streaming service provider, with over 750 million monthly active users and 290 million paying subscribers, with the latter constituting the firm’s premium segment. Most of the firm’s revenue and nearly all its gross profit come from the subscribers, who pay a monthly fee to access a music library that consists of most of the most popular songs ever recorded, including all from the major record labels. The firm also offers access to audiobooks and integrates podcasts within its standard music app. Podcast content is not exclusive and is typically free to access on other platforms. Ad-supported users can access a similar music catalog but cannot customize a similar on-demand experience.

Comcast is made up of three parts. The core cable business owns networks capable of providing television, internet access, and phone services to 65 million US homes and businesses, or nearly half of the country. The firm provides services to about 47% of the locations in this territory. Comcast acquired NBCUniversal from General Electric in 2011. Following the spinoff of several cable networks, including CNBC, MSNBC, and USA, NBCU now consists of the NBC network, several local NBC affiliates, Bravo, the Peacock streaming platform, Universal Studios, and several theme parks. Finally, Sky, acquired in 2018, is a large television provider in the UK and Italy.

Founded in the late 1990s as an internet portal, NetEase has evolved into China’s second-largest online gaming company. Its early success was anchored by the massively multiplayer online role-playing game Fantasy Westward Journey, which laid the foundation for a durable franchise strategy. Over the past decade, the company has expanded its portfolio with successful titles such as Justice, Identity V, Naraka: Bladepoint, and Eggy Party, all of which continue to maintain sizable and engaged player bases.In addition to its in-house development capabilities, NetEase partners with global IP holders such as Microsoft and Marvel to develop and publish titles based on established franchises, including World of Warcraft, Diablo Immortal, and Marvel Rivals, further strengthening its global presence.

Warner Bros. Discovery operates in three segments: streaming, studios, and linear networks. In 2026, it intends to split its networks from streaming and studios to form two separate companies. The streaming business includes HBO Max, which is rapidly increasing its international footprint in addition to its major presence in the US. Studios include industry leaders in both film and television, which produce movies and television series that are monetized in multiple ways, including theatrical release, sales to third parties, and feeding into Warner's own platforms. global networks consist of basic cable networks like CNN, TNT, TBS, Discovery, HGTV, and The Food Network. The Discovery+ streaming service will remain part of global networks.

Baidu is the largest internet search engine in China with over 50% share of the search engine market in 2024 per web analytics firm, Statcounter. The firm generated 70% of core revenue from online marketing services from its search engine in 2024. Outside its search engine, Baidu is a technology-driven company and its other major growth initiatives are artificial intelligence cloud, video streaming services, voice recognition technology, and autonomous driving.

Satellite television provides the bulk of EchoStar’s revenue. The firm serves about 5 million US satellite customers, about 10% of the traditional television market. It also serves 2 million customers under the Sling brand. EchoStar has also amassed an extensive portfolio of spectrum licenses and is building a nationwide wireless network. It acquired Sprint's prepaid business, serving approximately 7 million customers, primarily under the Boost brand. The firm has agreed to sell a portion of its wireless licenses to AT&T and SpaceX, and will rely heavily on the AT&T network to serve customers. EchoStar’s legacy businesses provide satellite telecom services and equipment to businesses and consumers, including about 800,000 internet customers.

Fox operates in two segments: cable networks and television. Cable networks primarily includes Fox News, Fox Business, and several pay TV sports stations. Television primarily includes the Fox broadcast network, 29 owned and operated local television stations, of which 18 are affiliated with the Fox network, and streaming platform Tubi, which is not subscription-based and is completely ad-supported. Fox effectively sold most of its entertainment assets to Disney in 2019, so it no longer creates entertainment content and relies heavily on live news and sports, with nearly all tied to the pay TV bundle. The Murdoch family controls Fox.

Roku enables consumers to stream television programming. It has more than 90 million streaming households and provided 145 billion streaming hours in 2025. Roku is the top streaming operating system in the US, reaching more than half of broadband households, according to the company. Roku’s OS is built into streaming devices and televisions that Roku sells and on connected televisions from other manufacturers that license Roku’s name and software. Roku also operates the Roku Channel, a free, ad-supported streaming television platform that offers a mix of on-demand and live television programming. Roku generates revenue primarily from selling devices, licensing, and advertising, and it receives fees from subscription streaming platforms that sell subscriptions through Roku.

Rogers Communications is the largest wireless service provider in Canada with more than 11 million subscribers, equating to one-third of the total Canadian market. Rogers' wireless business accounts for more than half of total revenue and has been growing at a higher rate than other segments. The cable segment, which provides about 38% of total revenue after acquiring Shaw, offers home internet, television, and landline phone service to consumers and businesses. Remaining sales come from Rogers' media unit, which owns and operates various television and radio stations and major Toronto sports franchises, including the Blue Jays, Maple Leafs, Raptors, Toronto FC, and Argonauts.

News Corporation is a diversified media conglomerate with big presence in the US, the UK, and Australia. Key mastheads include The Wall Street Journal, Barron's, New York Post, The Times, The Sun, The Australian, Herald Sun, and The Daily Telegraph. Its 61%-owned REA Group is the dominant property listings platform in Australia. In addition, it owns Harper Collins, one of the largest book publishers in the world, and has a sizable US digital property advertising business, Move. The 65% interest in Foxtel, the Australian pay-TV and streaming provider, was sold in April 2025. The sale to global sports streaming platform, DAZN, was struck at more than 7 times Foxtel's EBITDA.

SiriusXM operates almost exclusively in the US through its SiriusXM and Pandora audio services. SiriusXM is primarily a satellite radio service that offers nationwide coverage and mostly ad-free listening, with proprietary channels and exclusive content. It makes agreements with automakers to install its radios in vehicles and give trial services to vehicle buyers, which have traditionally fed its subscriber base. The company provides the service via a fleet of geostationary satellites it owns and operates, and now offers a streaming SiriusXM option. Pandora, which accounts for a much smaller portion of revenue and profit, offers a subscription and ad-supported streaming music service that competes with industry giants such as Spotify, Apple Music, and YouTube Music.

Arashi Vision Inc is engaged in research and development, production and sales of panoramic cameras, sports cameras and other intelligent imaging equipment. Its products include Insta 360 X5, Insta 360 Ace Pro 2, Insta 360 X4, etc.

Bilibili is a Chinese online entertainment platform best known for its YouTube-like video-sharing site. Founded in 2009, it first focused on long-form content centered around anime, comics, and gaming, catering primarily to Gen Z users. Over time, the platform has broadened its content offerings to include a wider range of interests, successfully attracting a more diverse audience beyond the Gen Z demographic.

RTL Group SA is a broadcasting television company with interests in television channels, video-on-demand platforms, and radio stations. The company has three main areas of business: broadcast, streaming, content, and digital. Broadcast includes television and radio; content includes content production and distribution, and digital includes online video and advertisement technology. Business segments include Mediengruppe RTL Deutschland, Groupe M6, Fremantle, RTL Nederland, and Other segments. The company's business units operate in Europe, predominantly in Germany, France, the United States, the UK, and Other regions.

FUJI Media Holdings Inc operates as a certified broadcasting holding company engaged in media, content, and related businesses. The company has two reportable segments: Media & Content Business, which involves broadcasting, film and animation production, music publishing, advertising, and mail-order sales; and Urban Development & Tourism Business, which engages in building rental, real estate transactions, and hotel and resort management. The company earns the majority of its revenue in Japan.

Tegna Inc is a media company with a portfolio of broadcast stations and digital sites. The firm has television stations and radio stations in approximately U.S. markets. The company owns multicast networks of True Crime Network, Twist, and Quest. Each television station also has a robust digital presence across online, mobile, connected television, and social platforms, reaching consumers on all devices and platforms used to consume news content. It generates key revenue from advertising and marketing services, subscriptions, political advertising, and other services.

Cloud Music is the second-largest online music service provider in China, founded in 2013 by NetEase. NetEase currently holds approximately 58% of Cloud Music’s equity stake and controls 90% of its voting power. The platform’s business model is similar to its main competitor, Tencent Music, as both offer music streaming services along with social entertainment features like live streaming to engage users and drive additional revenue.

MFE-MediaForEurope is a commercial TV operator in the Italian and Spanish commercial TV sector, offering free-to-air television programming on general interest channels (Canale 5, Italia 1 and Rete 4 in Italy, and Tele5 and Cuatro in Spain) and a wide portfolio of semigeneralist and thematic channels available in linear and on-demand OTT services comprising a broad range of cinema, TV series and children’s channel content. The group generates maximum revenue from TV advertising, and the rest from sales of TV rights and productions, pay streaming service, movie distribution, construction, rental, and maintenance of TV equipment, etc. Its operating segments are: Italy, which is its key revenue-generating market, and Spain.

MBC Group Co is a media company in the Middle East and North Africa, having principal activities consisting of information, communication, education, arts, entertainment, and recreation. Its operating segments include Broadcasting and other commercial activities, Shahid, and Media and Entertainment. The Group generates its revenue from: advertising revenue, predominantly from advertisers placing advertisements on its free-to-air TV channels, radio channels, and on the Group’s advertising-video-on-demand streaming platform (AVOD); revenue from subscriptions of the Group’s Shahid VIP subscription-video-ondemand (SVOD) service; and ancillary revenue from its other business operations.

Sun TV Network Ltd is a media and entertainment company. The group owns and operates a series of television networks across four languages in the news, music, action, life, movies, kids, and comedy genres. It also airs FM stations in several Indian languages. Its business activities are reported under a single segment, being Media and Entertainment. The company generates revenues from advertising, broadcasting fees, International subscriptions, other subscriptions, movie distribution, and content trading. Geographically, the group is focused on the Indian market with a few operations outside India.

PT MNC Digital Entertainment Tbk is a content provider in Indonesia, has its core business in producing, developing, and distributing content and intellectual properties across all existing media platforms. The company's main business is supported by its various business units engaged in media and entertainment activities, such as drama production houses, infotainment, reality shows, game shows, animation, films, original content, music labels, advertising agencies, content & IP licensing, talent management, social media, including multi-channel networks (MCN), OTT superapps, and online portals. The company's operating segments include Digital, Content and IP, Talent, and Subscription. The company generates maximum revenue from the Content and IP, Talent segment.

Metropole Television SA is a media holding company that owns several television channels, magazines, publications, and movie production firms. Metropole Television SA's flagship channel is M6, a multimedia television network that displays a wide variety of content and includes dramas, news, comedies, films, and documentaries. Furthermore, Metropole owns production houses and operates digital content publications. It has four reportable segments which includes Television, Radio, Production & Audiovisual Rights and Diversification involves distribution of niche products, other online revenues, Interactions division. The company generates the vast majority of its revenue from France and also from Television segment.

Skyworth Digital Co Ltd is engaged in providing digital TV products and services. It offers Digital TV set-top boxes, digital televisions, smart networking devices, IPTV solutions, network access devices, car electronics, and car networking equipment. Geographically, the business presence of the group can be seen in India, Africa, South East Asia as well as Europe and the Americas.

Rumble Inc is a free-to-use video-sharing platform where users can watch, share, like, comment, and upload their own videos. Users can subscribe to channels to stay in touch with recent creator content and access video-on-demand uploaded, and live content streamed, by creators. Geographically, it generates a majority of its revenue from the United States.

Beijing Gehua CATV Network Co Ltd is engaged in the development and maintenance of radio and television networks. It is involved in the transfer and transmission of radio and television programs, video on demand, network information service business, internet access services based on cable television networks, internet data transmission value-added services, domestic IP telephony services, and cable television advertising design, production, and distribution services. The service scope covers cities, districts, streets, communities and other levels, covering education, finance, medical care, environmental protection, transportation, commerce, safety supervision and other fields.

Atresmedia Corporacion de Medios de Comunicacion SA is a diversified media company primarily operating in the television, radio, and cinema industries. The company has three primary business segments that include television, radio, and other. The television segment operates a network of television channels, while its radio segment operates a chain of radio stations. The company’s other business segment produces television shows and television films, promotes events, and offers advertising services. The company generates the majority of its revenue in Spain.

Zee Entertainment Enterprises Ltd is a broadcasting television company that provides media and entertainment services. Zee generates revenue from advertisements, subscriptions, theatrical revenue, the sale of media content, transmission revenue, and commissions. The company controls a suite of television channels that broadcast in many different languages. Furthermore, Zee Entertainment produces and distributes feature films, develops digital online offerings, and produces and sells live entertainment events. It operates in a single segment, Content and Broadcasting. The company earns the vast majority of its revenue in India.

Nine Entertainment is the largest media conglomerate in Australia. It operates Nine Network, a free-to-air TV network across five capital cities, as well as in a number of regional areas. It owns 9Now, a leading broadcast video on demand, or BVOD, business. Its publishing unit is the second-largest newspaper group in Australia with key mastheads such as Australian Financial Review, Sydney Morning Herald, and The Age. Nine also operates a leading domestic-owned subscription video on demand, or SVOD, business in Australia called Stan, and a talk-based radio network. In January 2026, Nine announced a plan to buy outdoor advertising entity QMS Media for AUD 850 million.

Iqiyi is a leading streaming video-on-demand company in China that generates revenue mostly through a subscription basis. The platform also provides user-generated content to nonpaying users, monetized through ads. The company self-produces much of the subscription content and also generates revenue through content distribution, gaming, and IP licensing. Iqiyi competes directly with Tencent Video, Alibaba’s Youku, ByteDance’s MangoTV, and Bilibili. The company is 45% and 5% owned by Baidu and Xiaomi, respectively.

Saregama India Ltd is a holding company, which engages in the production and distribution of music, television programs, and movies. It operates through the following segments: Music, Films/TV Serials, and Publication. The Music segment deals with the business of manufacturing and sale of Music storage devices viz. Carvaan, Music Card, etc, and dealing with related music rights. The Films/TV Serials and Event segment engaged in the production and sale/telecast/broadcast of films/TV Serials, pre-recorded programs, organizing live musical events, and dealing in film rights. The Publication segment publishes the weekly current affairs magazine ‘OPEN’ through its publication business. The firm derives a majority of its revenue from the Music segment.

Storytel AB operates in the book and publishing sector. The Storytel organization comprises two divisions: Streaming and Publishing. Within the Streaming division, the company provides a subscription service for audiobooks and e-books under the Storytel and Mofibo brands, currently in Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Netherlands, USA, and other countries. The Publishing division comprises Norstedts, Massolit, Kontentan, Telegram, the Danish publisher People's Press (adults), Raben and Sjogren and B. Wahlstroms (children and young adults), as well as Norstedts Kartor.

Huawen Media Group operates in the media industry. Its business activities include financial media platforms, regional information media and related extension services, advertising consisting of radio advertising and building media.

Viaplay Group AB is a Sweden-based company that offers television channels and radio stations, broadcasting and production services. The company generates revenue from Viaplay, Linear Subscription & others, and Advertising. The company's operating segment includes Core operations and Non-core operations. The Core operations include the Group’s operations related to the Viaplay streaming service available in all Nordic countries and the Netherlands, pay-TV channels in all Nordic countries except Iceland, commercial free-TV channels in Sweden, Denmark and Norway; and commercial radio networks and audio streaming services in Sweden and Norway. The non-core includes the international markets the Group is exiting, ie. Poland, the UK and Baltics.

Nrj Group is a media company operating as a publisher, producer, broadcaster and marketing its own media spaces. It operates with the brand names NRJ, CHERIE FM, NOSTALGIE and RIRE & SONGS. The company operates two free national channels under the brand name NRJ 12 and CHERIE 25 and a pay channel under the brand NRJ HITS. It also operates an international radio station and production of musical theatre. The company operates in France as well as an outside country either through direct operations or through NRJ / ENERGY brand licenses, the first international radio brand, and/or NOSTALGIE / NOSTALGIA.

iHeartMedia Inc is a United States-based audio media company. The company operates through the segments of the Multiplatform Group, the Digital Audio Group, and the Audio & Media Services Group. The company derives prime revenue from the Multiplatform Group segment which includes the company's Broadcast radio, Networks and Sponsorships, and Events businesses. The Digital Audio Group segment includes all of the company's digital businesses, including podcasting; and the Audio & Media Services Group includes Katz Media Group, a full-service media representation business, and RCS Sound Software, a provider of scheduling and broadcast software and services.

Cover Corp operates as a platformer for two-dimensional entertainment. It is engaged in developing multifaceted businesses to accelerate 2D entertainment such as distribution system development, VTuber office management, and content development.

Huya, officially became independent in 2016 and headquartered in Guangzhou, operates live streaming platform focused on games, esports, and interactive entertainment, and also provides game-related services such as distribution and in-game item sales. Its main livestreaming platforms include Huya Live in China and Nimo TV outside of China. As of 2024, Huya was a subsidiary of Tencent, which owned 67% of its equity stake and held 95% of the voting power.

Rcs Mediagroup is a publishing company. It prints newspapers in Italy and Spain and is active in magazines, television, radio and new media, as well as one of the top operators in the advertising sales and distribution market. The company operates in daily newspapers, books, radio broadcasting, new media and digital and satellite TV, organizes important sporting events and is among the operators in advertising sales and distribution in Italy and Spain. Its operating business segments are Newspapers Italy, Magazines Italy, Advertising and Sport, Unidad Editorial, and Corporate and Other Activities, with maximum revenue from the Newspapers segment. Geographically, the company operates in Italy, Spain, and Other countries. The maximum revenue is derived from Italy.

Promotora de Informaciones SA operates under the commercial name 'Prisa' which is a multimedia group in Spain and Portugal. The business is operated through two segments which includes Education and Media. Its Education segment includes the sale of educational books and the services and materials related to the education systems. Geographically, it operates in Spain, Portugal, Chile, Brazil, Mexico, and other countries out of which Spain accounts for key revenue for the company.

Gray Media Inc is a multimedia company. The company owns and operates local television stations and digital assets. It also owns Gray Digital Media, a full-service digital agency offering national and local clients digital marketing strategies with digital products and services. Its additional media properties include video production companies Raycom Sports, Tupelo Media Group, and PowerNation Studios, and studio production facilities Assembly Atlanta and Third Rail Studios.

Bemobi Mobile Tech SA, formerly Bemobi Tech SA is a mobile media and entertainment company. It provides OTT media subscription services and distribution platforms.

Alter Ego Media SA operates in two sectors. The first sector includes television broadcasting, radio broadcasting and audiovisual content creation. The television broadcasting activity is carried out through the television station with the MEGA logo, as well as MEGA’s Hybrid Television, MEGA PLAY and the website. The radio broadcasting activity is carried out through the radio station MY RADIO 104.6. The Group is also actively involved in the development and creation of original audiovisual content, on the one hand intended to meet the needs of the Group. The second sector includes printed and electronic publications. This activity includes the news media TO VIMA, TA NEA and OIKONOMIKOS TACHYDROMOS, the web portal, as well as the creation of thematic content for various subjects.

D B Corp Ltd is an Indian print media company with a presence in the radio and digital sectors. The company publishes six newspapers in Hindi, Gujarati, Marathi, and English across 14 states with a total readership of approximately forty-four million. The flagship newspaper brands of the Group are Dainik Bhaskar, Divya Bhaskar, and Divya Marathi. MY FM, the company operates through two segments such as the Printing/Publishing and Allied Business segment, which encompasses newspapers, magazines, printing job work, and internet and mobile interactive services, and the Radio segment, which focuses on radio broadcasting.

AMC Networks owns several linear TV networks, including AMC, WE tv, BBC America, IFC, and SundanceTV. AMC, its most widely distributed network,reached 55 million pay TV households in the US at the end of 2025. The firm also had nearly 10.5 million US streaming subscribers, with AMC+ as the flagship streaming platform. With both its linear networks and streaming offerings, the firm caters to specific niche audiences. Over the last 15 years, AMC has shifted its focus to original scripted programming from classic movies. It creates content through AMC Studios and also generates revenue from licensing content. Following an international divestiture at the end of 2023, domestic operations make up nearly 90% of total revenue.