Kobe Bussan Valuation Multiples

Since its founding in 1962, Walmart has become the world’s largest retailer, operating over 10,700 stores globally (including 4,600 namesake locations on its home turf and another 600 Sam’s Club outlets) and growing its e-commerce presence, attracting 270 million customers weekly. In aggregate, the firm posted more than $680 billion in fiscal 2025 sales. Its core operations span three reporting segments: Walmart US (68% of fiscal 2025 sales), Walmart International (18%), and Sam’s Club (14%). Within the US, nearly 60% of its $465 billion in fiscal 2025 revenue came from its grocery offerings, with another quarter from general merchandise. Internationally, Walmart’s operations are concentrated in Mexico, though it also has budding exposure to India.

Founded in 1983, Costco Wholesale now operates a global chain of membership-based warehouse clubs, delivering high-quality goods and services at consistently low prices. As of its most recent fiscal year, Costco operated approximately 910 warehouses, serving more than 80 million members across its three geographic segments: Costco US (approximately 73% of total revenue), Costco Canada (13%), and Costco International (14%).Costco’s core value proposition—quality products at unbeatable prices—has yielded consistently strong member renewal rates (93% in the US and Canada and nearly 90% internationally). About 55% of Costco’s fiscal 2025 revenue came from its grocery offerings, and another 25% from general merchandise.

Target’s start dates back to 1962, but now it is one of the largest discount retailers in the United States (where it derives all of its sales), operating just under 2,000 stores and generating over $106 billion in fiscal 2024 sales. The company offers a broad assortment of merchandise across categories including apparel and accessories (16% of fiscal 2024 revenue), beauty and household essentials (30%), food and beverage (23%), hardlines (15%), as well as home furnishings (16%). Target’s model is anchored in its physical store base, which fulfills more than 97% of sales. Around 30% of sales are derived from its own private-label brands.

Founded in 1919, Loblaw is Canada’s largest food and pharmacy retailer, operating around 2,500 stores and generating over CAD 64 billion in fiscal 2025 sales. Its core operations span two main retail divisions: food (about 70% of sales) and drug, anchored by Shoppers Drug Mart (30%). Loblaw’s grocery banners include Loblaws, No Frills, and Real Canadian Superstore. The company also boasts a robust portfolio of private-label offerings (about 30% of sales), such as its well-known President’s Choice, No Name, and Joe Fresh brands.

Wal - Mart de Mexico SAB de CV is the owner and operator of Wal-Mart branded self-service stores in Mexico and Central America. Wal-Mart de Mexico is a subsidiary of Wal-Mart Stores Incorporated, based in the United States. The company generates the majority of revenue in Mexico and a small proportion of revenue from the rest of Central America. The company operates discount stores, hypermarkets, supermarkets, wholesale stores, and pharmacies. The company also engages in the import and sale of goods, property development, and real estate management activities.

Tesco is a large food retailer, operating thousands of stores in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Central Europe. The majority of Tesco’s sales are from the UK, where the firm has over 24% market share, more than double the second-largest peer, Sainsbury’s, according to Euromonitor. Tesco also holds 30% e-grocery market share in the UK, holding a dominant position online. Tesco gained exposure to the cash-and-carry and out-of-home delivery industries with the GBP 4 billion acquisition of Booker in 2018.

Founded in 1883, Kroger is the largest pure-play supermarket operator in the United States, operating roughly 2,700 stores across more than 30 banners. Kroger’s business is primarily grocery-led (roughly 79% of sales), spanning fresh food and private-label offerings, complemented by fuel centers (9%) and pharmacies (12%). The firm also generates income from advertising, data analytics, and manufacturing.

Woolworths is Australia's largest retailer. Operations include supermarkets in Australia and New Zealand, and discount department and pet stores. Woolworths also supplies businesses, like restaurants and cafes, following the acquisition of PFD Food Services. The Australian food division with its supermarkets constitutes the majority of group EBIT, followed by New Zealand supermarkets and PFD, while Big W is a minor contributor.

Ahold Delhaize is an international food retail group created by the 2016 merger of Ahold and Delhaize Group. It operates through local supermarket and online retail brands serving customers in the United States and Europe, with additional participation in joint ventures. Its brands sell fresh food, packaged groceries, household goods and private-label products through stores and digital ordering channels. Local businesses retain their customer-facing identities while the group coordinates capabilities such as sourcing, technology and the sharing of retail practices. Revenue principally comes from product sales to household customers, supplemented by the activities of its online retail businesses. For 2025, Ahold Delhaize reported €92.4 billion in net sales, 9,551 stores excluding joint venture stores and approximately 77 million weekly customer visits across stores and online.

Seven & i Holdings operates 7-Eleven, the world’s largest convenience store chain, with almost 87,000 stores globally. 7-Eleven Japan, or SEJ, is the market leader in Japan’s convenience store industry with a 45% value share of the market. About two-thirds of SEJ revenue is driven by food sales. 7-Eleven is also the largest convenience store chain in the US, after a $21 billion acquisition of Speedway in 2020. The deal increased its total US store count to more than 13,200 at the time, although this has since been falling and now stands at slightly more than 12,700 stores. Unlike SEJ, SEI revenue leans more on fuel sales rather than merchandise or food.

George Weston is a holding company that controls majority stakes in retailer Loblaw and in Choice Properties, a real estate investment trust. Loblaw boasts the largest retail footprint across Canada with 2,500 food retail and pharmacy stores under banners such as Loblaw, No-Frills, Maxi, and Shoppers Drug Mart. Meanwhile, open-ended Choice Properties REIT owns and manages over 700 commercial and residential properties in Canada, generating roughly 60% of its gross rental revenue from its largest tenant Loblaw. Previously, George Weston sold its wholly owned bakery Weston Foods in 2022. The firm is controlled by the Weston family, which owns a 65% stake.

US Foods is a leading domestic foodservice distributor, generating $39 billion in sales in fiscal 2025 and capturing a 10% share of the fragmented industry. The firm sells and distributes more than 350,000 food and nonfood products to around 250,000 customer locations, including independent restaurants (33% of fiscal 2025 sales), chain restaurants (23%), healthcare and hospitality clients (27%), and other end markets (17%), largely consisting of education and government contracts. US Foods also operates 98 cash-and-carry locations under the Chef’Store banner. The firm’s physical network spans 76 distribution facilities and 14 broadline production centers.

Avenue Supermarts Ltd is an India-based company engaged in the business of organized retail and operates supermarkets under the brand name of D-Mart. It provides products under the categories of Foods, Non-Foods (FMCG) and General Merchandise and Apparel. Foods category includes products such as dairy, staples, groceries, snacks, frozen products, processed foods, beverages and confectionary and fruits and vegetables. Non-Foods (FMCG) comprises home care products, personal care products, toiletries and other over-the-counter products. General Merchandise and Apparel include bed and bath, toys and games, crockery, plastic goods, garments, footwear, utensils and home appliances. The business operations of the company are principally carried out in India.

Coles is one of Australia's largest retailers, operating the second-largest supermarket chain behind market leader Woolworths, and the country's second-largest liquor chain. The group has an extensive store network of over 1,800 stores and roughly 80% of Australians live within a 10-minute drive from a Coles store. The retailer employs some 120,000 people, who process some 20 million individual customer transactions a week. This compares with Woolworths processing about 30 million customer transactions per week from Australia's population of 27 million.

Metro is the third-largest grocery retailer in Canada (behind Loblaws and Sobeys) and also owns the top pharmacy chain in Quebec, Jean Coutu, following the 2018 acquisition. Its grocery banners include supermarket chain Metro, discounters Super C and Food Basics, and ethnic food grocer Adonis, while its pharmacies primarily operate under the Jean Coutu and Brunet trademarks. Metro operates both as a food retailer and a franchisor, licensing its trademarks and supplying merchandise to registered pharmacists. The firm also acts as a wholesaler and distributor to serve smaller, neighborhood grocery stores. Unlike peers Loblaws and Sobeys that operate chain stores across Canada, Metro’s operations are concentrated in Quebec and Ontario, with no presence in western Canada.

Jeronimo Martins SGPS SA is engaged in food distribution business. It operates food retail business in Poland, Portugal, and Colombia. Its business areas include food distribution, Agribusiness, and Specialised retail. Its segments include Portugal Retail: comprises the business unit of JMR (Pingo Doce supermarkets); Portugal Cash & Carry: includes the business unit Recheio; Poland Retail: the business unit which operates under Biedronka banner in this country; Poland Health and Beauty: includes the Hebe banner business unit in Poland, also includes the operations of its subsidiaries in Czechia and Slovakia; Colombia Retail: the business unit which operates under Ara banner; and Others. It derives the majority of the revenue from Poland Retail business segment.

CP All PCL is the sole operator of 7-Eleven convenience stores in Thailand. Almost half of the stores are located in Bangkok and its vicinities, with the remaining located in provincial areas. The company also operates other related businesses, such as bill payment collection services, manufacturing and sale of convenience food and bakery products, sale and maintenance of retail equipment, payment for products and services, information technology services, logistics services, marketing services, educational institution, and training and business seminar services, including catalog sales and e-commerce businesses. The company has four reportable segments: convenience stores, wholesale, retail and mall, and others. The majority of its revenue from Convenience stores segment.

Kesko Oyj is a Finland-based retail conglomerate that operates in three divisions: Grocery, Building and Technical, and Car. The Grocery segment provides the customers with K-food retailers running their locally tailored stores, acting in a chain business model. Chains include K-Citymarket, K-Supermarket, K-Market, and Neste K. The Building and Technical Sector produces construction materials, leisure athletic goods, and infrastructure tools and operates out of Scandinavia and Eastern Europe, both in digital and brick-and-mortar stores. The Car division acts as an importer and leaser for various European car brands, including Volkswagen, SEAT, Audi, and Porsche as well as a seller of used cars online and in-store. The Grocery segment in Finland produces the maximum revenue.

Founded in 1959, Carrefour is a multiformat retailer with operations in over 40 countries. Approximately 75% of sales stem from Europe and the rest from Latin America. In France, where Carrefour generates nearly 50% of its total revenue, the firm has a grocery market share of 22%, behind market leader E.Leclerc (24%), according to Kantar. Carrefour operates over 15,000 stores in hypermarket, supermarket, convenience store, and discount store formats. In 2024, Carrefour completed the acquisition of the Cora and Match banners from Louis Delhaize group for an enterprise value of EUR 1.05 billion.

Founded in 1869, Sainsbury's is the second-largest UK grocery chain with around 10% market share. It operates around 600 supermarkets and 800 convenience stores in the UK. The company has diversified away from core food by selling clothing, fuel, and other nonfood items. In September 2016, it took a step further into nonfood retailing with the purchase of Home Retail Group, operating the Habitat and Argos chains (general merchandise and electronics stores), for GBP 1.10 billion.

Dino Polska SA operates a network of medium-sized grocery supermarkets located close to customers' places of residence. The Group's main business activity is the retail sale of multiple products, mainly food, beverages, and fresh groceries, including culinary meat products. Sales revenue is recognized at the point of transfer of goods to customers. The company conducts retail sales through non-specialized stores where food, beverages, and tobacco products predominate.

Bim Birlesik Magazalar AS is a Turkey-based company that is engaged in operating retail stores through its retail shops throughout Turkey, which sell an assortment of items, including a number of private label products which includes Fresh Meat Products, Milk and milk products, Beverages, Legumes and Bakery, Snacks and Sweets, Fruits and Vegetables, Frozen Food, Cleaning Supplies, Oils and Cosmetics and papers. The company also operates abroad including in Morocco and Egypt.

Empire Co Ltd key businesses are food retailing, investments, and other operations. The food retailing division operates through Empire's subsidiaries Sobeys, National, Farm Boy, and Longo’s, and represents nearly all of the company's income. This segment owns, affiliates, or franchises various stores in different provinces, under retail banners including Sobeys, Safeway, IGA, and Foodland. The company's investment and other operations segment include the investment in Crombie REIT, which is an open-ended Canadian real estate investment trust.

President Chain Store Corporation, along with its subsidiaries, is engaged in managing convenience stores, restaurants, drugstores, department stores, supermarkets, and online shopping stores under different brands. It focuses on offering various daily consumer goods, such as fresh food, beverages, cosmetics, and household items. One of its key operations includes the management of 7-Eleven stores across Taiwan and other regions. The group operates in Taiwan, Mainland China, the Philippines, and Japan. Its reportable segments are Convenience stores, which derive maximum revenue, Retail business group, Logistics business group, and Other operating segments. Geographically, the group derives a majority of its revenue from Taiwan, followed by other regions.

BBB Foods Inc is a company offering a grocery hard discount model in Mexico. Also that operates through three subsidiaries namely Tiendas Tres B, Tiendas BBB and Desarrolladora Tres BSA de CV of which the main activity of Tiendas Tres B is the sale, purchase, distribution and marketing of all types of products, items and goods, as well as the establishment, and operation of individual stores and distribution centers for the sale of such products.

Albertsons is the second-largest supermarket operator in the United States with about 2,300 stores across a variety of banners. Around 80% of the firm’s sales comes from nonperishable and fresh food, of which 26% comes from its portfolio of private brands. The company operates fuel centers at about 20% of its store locations and pharmacies at 75%. Albertsons went public in 2020 following years of ownership under private equity firm Cerberus Capital Management, which still owns about a fourth of the outstanding shares.

Axfood AB operates food retail and wholesale businesses in Sweden. The company operates various food retail grocery chains, discount stores, hypermarkets, restaurants, cafes, and pharmacies through different brands. The company's operating segments include Willys, Hemkop, Dagab, City Gross, and Snabbgross. A majority of its revenue is generated from the Willys segment, which is a discount grocery chain, offering various products in both group-owned stores and online. This segment also includes the partly owned cross-border grocery chain Eurocash.

Grupo Comercial Chedraui SAB de CV is a Spanish company engaged in the operation of hypermarkets in Mexico and supermarkets in the United States, and it also has a real estate division. In Mexico, the company operates through two retail formats: Tiendas Chedraui and Super Chedraui, which represent different sizes and depth of assortment. The retail stores in the U.S. are located in three southwest states: California, Nevada, and Arizona. The real estate division is involved in locating, building, and remodelling the stores, as well as leasing commercial space in shopping malls where there are Chedraui stores.

DFI Retail Group Holdings Ltd is an Asian retailer that operates in five segments: Food, Health and Beauty, Home Furnishings, Convenience, and Other Retailing. Convenience is the Group's 7-Eleven businesses. Food comprises the grocery retail businesses (including Robinsons Retail operating in the Philippines and Yonghui operating on the Chinese mainland up to their respective dates of divestment). Home Furnishings is the Group's IKEA businesses. Restaurants is the Group's associate, Maxim's, a food and beverage company. Other Retailing represents the department stores, specialty and Do-It-Yourself (DIY) stores of Robinsons Retail. The majority of revenue is derived from the Food segment.

Colruyt Group NV is a family business which, over three generations, has grown into a retail group with a diverse portfolio of food and nonfood. Its main activity is the operation of supermarkets under the brand name Colruyt Lowest Prices. It operates in the retail sector. It is also active in food services and the food wholesale trade, and has an expanding portfolio of health and well-being activities, including fitness centres and the distribution of medical and related products. It also operates as a retailer of clothing and bicycles. Its segments are Food; Health &Well-being and Non-food; and Group activities, Real Estate and Energy. Majority of revenue comes from Food segment. It has presence in Belgium, France, and Other of which majority of revenue is from Belgium.

Sprouts Farmers Market Inc offers a specialty grocery experience featuring an open layout with fresh produce at the heart of the store. Sprouts inspire wellness naturally with a carefully curated assortment products paired with purpose-driven people. The company continues to bring products made with lifestyle-friendly ingredients such as organic, plant-based, and gluten-free. It approximately has 407 stores in nearly 23 states. The Company has one operating segment that is healthy grocery stores.

Yonghui Superstores Co Ltd is engaged in the operation of regular chain supermarkets in China. It sells a variety of food products, household products, and supplies. Its product categories include Fresh food division, Food Products division, Clothing division, and Processing division.

Sheng Siong Group Ltd is a Singapore-based company that is principally engaged in the retail business. The company operates through the Sheng Siong Groceries chain, with stores located across Singapore. The company offers "wet and dry" merchandise, including fresh and chilled goods (such as seafood, meat, and vegetables), processed, frozen, and preserved food products, and general merchandise (like toiletries and essential household products). The company has its own distribution network, food-processing facilities, and warehousing facilities. The Group operates in one segment, which relates to the provision of supermarket supplies and supermarket operations. The Group’s operations are mainly located in Singapore.

Distribuidora Internacional De Alimentacion SA is a Spain-based company that retails the sale of food products at self-service stores, either owned or franchised. The company conducts business through self-owned stores and franchise stores. It operates stores in Spain, Argentina, and other regions. It generates the majority of its revenue from Spain.

METRO AG is an international food wholesaler operating in more than 30 countries under the METRO and MAKRO brands, serving as the central management holding company. The company provides food and non-food products to professional customers, mainly HoReCa and Traders, through a multichannel model that combines wholesale stores, delivery services, and digital solutions. Its offerings include assortments tailored to professional needs, digital services through DISH Digital Solutions, a B2B online marketplace via METRO MARKETS, and real estate activities through METRO PROPERTIES. METRO operates through the segments Germany, West, Russia, East, and Others, which include digital units and logistics, IT, and procurement services.

Shufersal Ltd is a supermarket chain operator. The company is based in Israel and generates all revenue domestically. Shufersal has three operating segments: retail segment, real estate segment, and Be segment. The retail segment, which contributes the largest portion of revenue, operates neighborhood and regional food stores, a group of organic food stores, and engages in the marketing, manufacture, and sale of both frozen and fresh baked products. The real estate segment includes leasing of various commercial and other properties. The Be segment includes operation of drug stores that mainly sell cosmetics, convenience, and toiletry products. A vast majority of the company’s revenue is generated by the retail segment.

Woolworths Holdings Ltd is a southern hemisphere retail Group. Its current operations are conducted through its two operating subsidiaries. The segments involve: Fashion, Beauty and Home; Food; Logistics; Woolworths Financial Services; Country Road Group; and Treasury. It derives maximum revenue from Food Segment. Geographically, It operates iun South Africa, Australia and New Zealand and Rest of Africa.

PT Sumber Alfaria Trijaya Tbk is engaged in the business of retail distribution of consumer products in Indonesia. It operates through the Food and Non-Food Products segments. It offers food and non-food products such as cigarettes, rice, cooking oil, sugar, milk, personal and household care products. The company generates maximum revenue from the food segment. Its geographical segments are Jabodetabek, Java (Excluding Jabodetabek), and Excluding Java.

H2O Retailing Corp is a Japan-based retailer that provides a broad range of merchandise to meet consumers’ needs, from daily needs to special products. The company’s core business is the department store business, which includes both the Hankyu and Hanshin department store chains. Superstore business is the company’s another major business arm, including the Izumiya and Hankyu Oasis store chains. H2O Retailing also runs a specialty store business, engaged in providing cosmetics, ladies' footwear, and other products and services. In addition to retail businesses, the company operates other businesses as well, such as hotels and restaurants.

Sendas Distribuidora SA is involved in the consumer goods business. Its cash and carry operations involve sales of items of grocery, food, perishable, beverage, wrapping, hygiene, and cleaning products, among others. Its customers include prepared food retailers (including restaurants, pizzerias, and snack bars), end-users (including schools, small businesses, religious institutions, hospitals, and hotels), conventional retailers such as grocery stores and neighborhood supermarkets, and individuals. Its stores are located throughout Brazilian states.

Weis Markets Inc is a U.S.-based company that is principally engaged in retailing food products in Pennsylvania and surrounding states. The company's products mainly belong to the following categories: center-store goods, fresh goods, pharmacy services, fuel, and others. The center-store goods include groceries, dairy products, frozen foods, alcoholic beverages, and general merchandise items. The fresh goods include meats, seafood, floral, prepared foods, and bakery products. The center-store goods and fresh goods jointly account for the majority of the company's total revenue.

BGF Retail Co Ltd operates retailer stores in Korea. The company's business sector includes BGFnetworks, BGFhumannet, BGFlogis, and BGFfoods. BGFnetworks is engaged in the digital advertising business, cash logistics, and e-vouchers, BGFhumannet is specialized in finding human resources, BGFlogis provides distribution services, and BGFfoods operates both a food manufacturing facility and distribution center to make fresh foods such as lunch boxes, rice balls, sushi rolls, sandwiches, and hamburgers.

Grupo Gigante SAB de CV is an investment holding company. The company's operating segment includes Retail; Prisa distribution; Restaurants; Real Estate; Corporate, and Other. It generates maximum revenue from the Retail segment. The Retail segment mainly sells office supplies and furniture as well as office electronics and housewares. Its Restaurants segment operates a family restaurant chain and offers other related services. Geographically, it derives a majority of revenue from Mexico and also has a presence in Chile; Central America; Colombia, and the Caribbean.

Ingles Markets Inc is a U.S.-based company that is principally engaged in operating a supermarket chain. The company operates the business in the southeast United States, mainly in Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee, with a few stores in Virginia and Alabama as well. The company locates its stores majorly in suburban areas, small towns, and neighborhood areas. It offers a broad range of goods, including food products, pharmacies, health and beauty care products, and general merchandise. The retail business contributes the majority of the company's revenue. The company's real estate ownership of a material portion of total stores enables it to generate rental income.

Migros Ticaret AS is a Turkey-based company that is principally engaged in the retail business. The company also operates in the business lines of online food retailing and ready meals,  payment and electronic money services, logistics services, media, shopping center management, and others.

M. Yochananof & Sons (1988) Ltd operates a chain of supermarkets. The company provides meat, fish, fast food, food, vegetables and fruits, grains, pharmacy and cleanliness, breads, cheese, and drinks.

Rami Levi Chain Stores Hashikma Marketing 2006 Ltd is an operator of clothing and food retail stores. The company is based in Israel and generates the entirety of its revenue domestically. The company operates a chain of supermarkets as well as discount clothing and discount shoe stores. The company markets its own products under the brand names The Motag as well as Remi Levi Shivuk Hashikma. In addition, the company operates a real estate development branch, engages in wholesale distribution activities and provides mobile phone services through its subsidiary, Rami Levi Communications.

Bin Dawood Holding is the grocery retail operator of hypermarkets and supermarkets in Saudi Arabia. The company's Stores comprise trading of FMCG, fresh Food Products, and Non-Food Products, including household consumable items, as well as the ownership and management of in-store bakeries. The company also engaged in the retail trading of foodstuff and household items, operating bakeries and restaurants, providing information technology and communication services, providing delivery, storage, and transportation services, acquiring and managing investments, and providing market influencing and digital marketing services.