Soho House Valuation Multiples

Alphabet is a holding company that wholly owns internet giant Google. The California-based company derives slightly less than 90% of its revenue from Google services, the vast majority of which is advertising sales. Alongside online ads, Google services houses sales stemming from Google’s subscription services (YouTube TV and YouTube Music, among others), platforms (sales and in-app purchases on Play Store), and devices (Chromebooks, Pixel smartphones, and smart home products such as Chromecast). Google’s cloud computing platform accounts for roughly 10% of Alphabet’s revenue. The firm’s investments in up-and-coming technologies such as self-driving cars (Waymo), health (Verily), and internet access (Google Fiber) make up the rest.

Meta is the largest social media company in the world, boasting close to 4 billion monthly active users worldwide. The firm's "Family of Apps," its core business, consists of Facebook, Instagram, Messenger, and WhatsApp. End users can leverage these applications for a variety of different purposes, from keeping in touch with friends to following celebrities and running digital businesses for free. Meta packages customer data, gleaned from its application ecosystem and sells ads to digital advertisers. While the firm has been investing heavily in its Reality Labs business, it remains a very small part of Meta’s overall sales.

AppLovin is a vertically integrated advertising technology company that acts as a demand-side platform for advertisers, a supply-side platform for publishers, and an exchange facilitating transactions between the two. About 80% of AppLovin’s revenue comes from the DSP, AppDiscovery, while the remainder comes from the SSP, Max. AppLovin’s primary tool for future growth is AXON 2, which is an ad optimizer operating within the DSP that allows advertisers to place ads according to specified return thresholds.

Salesforce provides enterprise cloud computing solutions. The company offers customer relationship management technology that brings companies and customers together. Its Customer 360 platform helps the group deliver a single source of truth, connecting customer data across systems, apps, and devices to help companies sell, service, market, and conduct commerce. It also offers Service Cloud for customer support, Marketing Cloud for digital marketing campaigns, Commerce Cloud as an e-commerce engine, the Salesforce Platform, which allows enterprises to build applications, and other solutions, such as MuleSoft for data integration.

Adobe provides content creation, document management, and digital marketing and advertising software and services to creative professionals and marketers for creating, managing, delivering, measuring, optimizing, and engaging with compelling content multiple operating systems, devices, and media. The company operates with three segments: digital media content creation, digital experience for marketing solutions, and publishing for legacy products (less than 5% of revenue).

Baidu is the largest internet search engine in China with over 50% share of the search engine market in 2024 per web analytics firm, Statcounter. The firm generated 70% of core revenue from online marketing services from its search engine in 2024. Outside its search engine, Baidu is a technology-driven company and its other major growth initiatives are artificial intelligence cloud, video streaming services, voice recognition technology, and autonomous driving.

CBRE Group provides a wide range of real estate services to owners, occupants, and investors worldwide, including leasing, property and project management, and capital markets advisory. CBRE’s investment management arm manages over $155 billion for clients across diverse public and private real estate strategies.

Rocket Companies is a financial services company that was originally founded as Rock Financial in 1985 and is currently based in Detroit. Rocket Companies offers a wide array of services and products but is best known for its Rocket Mortgage business. The company’s mortgage lending operations are split between its direct-to-consumer lending, which sees borrowers accessing the company’s lending arm directly through either its mobile app or website, and its partner network where mortgage brokers and other firms use Rocket’s origination process to offer loans to their customers. The company has rapidly gained market share in recent years and will also be the largest mortgage servicer in the US following its acquisition of the Mr. Cooper Group.

Vantage is the tower arm of Vodafone, spun off in 2021. Vantage fully owns 45,000 towers in Germany, Spain, Greece, and other European countries. Vantage also owns stakes in Inwit (22,000 towers, Vantage owns 33% stake), the Italian tower operator resulting from the merger of Vodafone and Telecom Italia’s towers in the region, and Cornerstone (14,000 towers, 50% stake) a tower joint venture in the U.K. with Telefonica.

Sumitomo Realty & Development is a Japan-based company engaged in the real estate business. The company operates through four segments. The Completed Construction segment covers construction and renovation contracts for detached houses and condominiums. The Real Estate Distribution segment involves brokerage and sales agency services. The Real Estate Rental segment includes leasing and management of office buildings, condominiums, hotels, event halls, and commercial facilities. The Real Estate Sales segment focuses on condominiums and detached houses, and the Others segment covers businesses such as fitness clubs and restaurants. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Real estate rental segment.

Vonovia SE is a residential real estate company based out of Germany. Vonovia owns and manages a multitude of residential units in many German cities and regions. The company makes long-term investments in the maintenance, modernization, and senior-friendly conversion of its properties. In addition to conducting property management, it handles financing, service, and coordination tasks. The company manages its operations through four business segments; Rental, Value-add, Recurring Sales, and Development. Maximum revenue is generated from the Rental segment, which combines all of the business activities that are aimed at the value-enhancing management of its residential real estate. It includes the company's property management activities in Germany, Austria, and Sweden.

KE Holdings, or Beike, is a large residential real estate sales and rental brokerage company in China. Founded in 2001, the company operates through self-owned Lianjia stores in Beijing and Shanghai and connected third-party agencies, including franchise brand Deyou in other cities, with commissions charged on existing-home and new-home transactions. Leveraging an online-offline hybrid model, Beike also attract clients through its namesake online marketplace. The company tapped into home renovation services by acquiring Shengdu Home Decoration in 2022. As of the end of 2024, Beike’s co-founders collectively control the company, while Tencent and its affiliates share 8% of voting power.

Swire Properties is a Hong Kong-based property investor and Hong Kong's largest office landlord. Its Hong Kong portfolio provides more than 13 million square feet of gross floor area, with its portfolio of grade A office contributing over 9 million square feet. The firm also holds investment properties and development projects in China, the United States, and Southeast Asia. Rental income accounts for over 60% of its total revenue, with property development and hotel operations contributing the balance. The company was listed in 2012. Parent company Swire Pacific holds an 83% stake.

REA Group is a technology company operating in the real estate sector. REA Group’s primary business is an online listings platform for residential real estate, www.realestate.com.au, which is the largest residential real estate listings platform in Australia, at around 4 times the size of number two, www.domain.com.au. REA Group is majority-owned by News Corp. REA Group’s other businesses include adjacent markets and services, and investments in online listings platforms in India.

Jones Lang LaSalle provides a wide range of real estate-related services to owners, occupiers, and investors worldwide, including leasing, property and project management, and capital markets advisory. JLL’s investment management arm, LaSalle Investment Management, manages over $86 billion for clients across diverse public and private real estate strategies.

CoStar Group is a leading provider of commercial real estate data and marketplace listing platforms. Its data offering contains in-depth analytical information on over 5 million commercial real estate properties related to various subsectors spanning office, retail, hotels, multifamily, healthcare, industrial, self-storage, and data centers. It operates many well-respected brands such as CoStar Suite, LoopNet, Apartments.com, BizBuySell, and Lands of America, with more than 80% of its revenue classified as subscription-based. The company recently expanded its presence into Canada, the United Kingdom, Spain, and France.

Swiss Prime Site AG is a real estate company based in Switzerland. Its segments include: Real Estate, Asset Management, Retail, Corporate and Shared Services. The Real Estate segment consists of the firm's core real estate activities (the purchase, sale, lease, and development of properties) and financing of these activities. Asset Management includes the fund business, asset management, and investment advisory. The Retail segment consists of the operation of department stores, and Corporate and Shared Services include central group functions as well as internal services that are provided centrally. The majority of the revenue is generated from the Real Estate segment.

HubSpot provides a cloud-based marketing, sales, and customer service software platform referred to as the growth platform. The applications are available ala carte or packaged together. HubSpot’s mission is to help companies grow better and has expanded from its initial focus on inbound marketing to embrace marketing, sales, and service more broadly. The company was founded in 2006, completed its initial public offering in 2014, and is headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Snap is a technology company best known for its marquis social media application. Snapchat, a visual messaging application that has amassed hundreds of millions of users. The app was initially only used to communicate with family and friends through photographs and short videos (known as "Snaps"). Users can now enjoy augmented reality, or AR, lenses, content from famous creators and celebrities, updates about local events, and more. Although the app offers a paid subscription option with premium features, advertising sales produce most of the app’s revenue. The firm also sells wearable devices called AR Spectacles, which can capture photos and videos overlayed with AR lenses, but these make up a small portion of Snap’s overall sales.

Bentley Systems is a software vendor that caters to civil engineers, constructors, and geospatial professionals by enabling design, simulation, and data management of infrastructure assets such as roads and bridges. While Bentley is smaller than many other design software companies, it is a market leader across a handful of specialty areas, including public works, electricity grids, and transit.

The Trade Desk provides a self-service platform that helps advertisers and ad agencies programmatically find and purchase digital ad inventory (display, video, audio, and social) on devices like computers, smartphones, and connected TVs. It uses data in an iterative manner to optimize the performance of ad impressions purchased. The firm’s platform is referred to as a demand-side platform in the digital ad industry, and it generates revenue from fees based on a percentage of what its clients spend on advertising.

Plaza SA operates as holding a company that owns and operate the shopping centers under the Mall Plaza brand. The firm develops, builds, manages, leases, and subleases local and spaces in shopping centers of the mall type. Its shopping centers provide a range of products and services incorporating entertainment, food, education, culture, health, offices, and financial centers.

Deutsche Wohnen SE is a holding company that manages a collection of residential real estate properties in Germany. The company operates in four segments: Rental; Value-add; Recurring Sales; Development.

PSP Swiss Property AG is a general real estate company, with all its properties active in Switzerland. The company's operating segments are Real estate investments, Property management, and Holding. A majority of its revenue is generated from the Real estate investments segment, which comprises all properties of the Group, such as investment properties, investment properties for sale, own-used properties, development properties, as well as development projects for sale. Income in this segment is generated by the properties mainly in the form of rental income and net changes in fair value. The Property management segment includes all services and activities concerning the management of the company's real estate portfolio, and the Holding segment includes the traditional corporate functions.

Zillow Group Inc is a real estate technology company offering a digital platform that connects real estate customers with sellers, agents, loan officers, and other real estate-related professionals. With its tools and resources, Zillow helps real estate professionals grow their businesses, and for renters and housing providers, it offers a marketplace along with a set of end-to-end products and services to streamline applications, leases, payments, and more. The group operates various brands such as Zillow, Zillow Home Loans, Zillow Rentals, Zillow New Construction, Trulia, StreetEasy, Out East, HotPads, Follow Up Boss, ShowingTime, dotloop, and Zillow Closing. Its ecosystem spans the entire home journey from shopping to renting, buying, selling, and financing real estate.

PrologisProperty Mexico SA de CV is engaged in the acquisition, ownership, and leasing of industrial properties throughout Mexico. The company's real estate portfolio comprises large warehouse buildings. It focused on acquiring, owning, and managing Class-A logistics and manufacturing facilities. The company derives nearly all of its revenue as lease rental income from multinational firms. This income is fairly evenly split between its manufacturing-related facilities in Northern Mexico and consumption-related facilities located mainly in Central and Southern Mexico. In terms of total revenue, the majority of Fibra Prologis' customers are general retailers and third-party logistics firms.

Melisron Ltd is an Israel-based real estate company. The company is engaged, directly and through its subsidiaries, in the rental, management, improvement, and maintenance of its commercial and office space. Melisron owns and operates shopping malls and commercial centers and office parks. It is also engaged in the development of residential and commercial real estates.

Amdocs Ltd is a provider of software and services to communications, entertainment, and media service providers. The Company operates in a single segment and designs, develops, markets, supports, implements, and operates open and modular cloud offerings. Its portfolio includes solutions across digital business systems and legacy business and operational support systems, supporting multiple lines of business such as wireless, broadband, cable, fiber, satellite, and digital services. The Company leverages artificial intelligence to support digital transformation, cloud adoption, and intelligent network automation. Geographically, it derives a majority of its revenue from North America and also operates in Europe and the rest of the world.

FirstService Corp is engaged in outsourcing property services. The company operates in two business divisions: FirstService Residential and FirstService Brands. FirstService Residential has service contracts to manage thousands of residential communities, including high and low-rise condominiums and co-operatives. FirstService Brands generates the majority of the company's revenue and provides property services to residential and commercial customers through the following brands: California Closets; Paul Davis Restoration; CertaPro Painters, Floor Coverings International, and Pillar to Post Home Inspectors. The company earns the majority of its revenue in the United States, with the remaining revenue generated in Canada.

Fastighets AB Balder is engaged in acquiring, developing, and managing residential properties and commercial properties based on local presence and creating customer value by meeting the needs of different customer groups for commercial premises and housing in Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Germany, and the UK. The company's property portfolio contains a wide variety of commercial space, ranging from office, retail, and warehouse space, out of which Residential properties constitute the majority portion of the company's portfolio. The Group’s business segments are; Helsinki, which derives key income, Stockholm, Gothenburg, Copenhagen, South, East, and North. The company generates revenue through income earned on the rents of its properties and on the management of its real estate.

Big Shopping Centers Ltd operates and manages shopping centers and malls in Israel. These shopping centers provide customers shopping experience with a range of local and international brands and also free parking spaces, easy access, and strategic attraction point. The company owns and manages shopping centers in US and Serbia. It will launch online brand mall in Israel under the name BIG+.

Scout24 SE is a German digital company that operates a digital marketplace, ImmoScout24, for residential and business real estate. In addition, it offers software solutions for real estate valuations to banks and the real estate sector. Through ImmoScout24, the company is engaged in developing new products and building a digital ecosystem for rentals, purchases, and commercial real estate in Germany and Austria. It has different brands offering digital services in the real estate industry, such as FlowFact, Vermietet.de, Immoverkauf24, Propstack, BauFi, and others. Its operating segments are Professional, which generates maximum revenue by offering digital real estate products to its professional clients, and Private. Geographically, the group derives its key revenue from Germany.

Founded in 1983, Pegasystems provides a suite of solutions for customer engagement and business process management. The company’s key offering is the Pega Infinity platform, which combines business process management with customer relationship management applications. The company focuses on enterprise-size customers in the financial, insurance, and healthcare industries.

Compass Inc provides an end-to-end platform that empowers residential real estate agents to deliver exceptional service to seller and buyer clients. The platform includes an integrated suite of cloud-based software for customer relationship management, marketing, client service and other critical functionality, all custom-built for the real estate industry and enabling core brokerage services. Business operations are conducted in the United States and earn revenue domestically.

AppFolio Inc provides cloud-based software solutions for the real estate industry. Its property management software offers property managers an end-to-end solution to their business needs. The group's products include cloud-based property management software (Appfolio Property Manager). Its solutions are AppFolio Property Manager Core, AppFolio Property Manager Plus, and AppFolio Property Manager Max. It also offers value-added services, such as screening, risk mitigation, and electronic payment services. Its markets are Single-Family, Multifamily, Student Housing, Affordable Housing, Community Associations, Commercial, and Investment Management. The business activity of the firm predominantly functions in the United States and it generates revenue in the form of subscription fees.

Zeta Global Holdings Corp is an omnichannel data-driven cloud platform that provides enterprises with consumer intelligence and marketing automation software. It serves enterprise customers across multiple industries, including financial services, insurance, telecommunications, automotive, travel and hospitality, and retail. Its Zeta Marketing Platform, or ZMP, is an omnichannel marketing platform with identity data at its core. The ZMP can analyze billions of structured and unstructured data points to predict consumer intent by leveraging sophisticated machine learning algorithms and the industry's opted-in data set for omnichannel marketing. The company operates in U.S, where it generates maximum revenue and Internationally as well.

Open Text Corp is engaged in the design, development, marketing, and sale of Information Management software and solutions. Its software allows clients to archive, aggregate, retrieve, and search unstructured information (such as documents, e-mail, and presentations). Its platform and services provide secure and scalable solutions for enterprises, SMBs, governments, and consumers around the world. The company's solutions are marketed and delivered on the OpenText Cloud Platform, which is a comprehensive Information Management platform consisting of six business clouds; Content Cloud, Cybersecurity Cloud, Application Automation Cloud, Business Network Cloud, IT Operations Management Cloud, and Analytics Cloud. Geographically, it derives maximum revenue from the United States.

Colliers International Group Inc provides commercial real estate professional services and investment management to corporate and institutional clients across different countries around the world. Its operating segments are Commercial Real Estate, Engineering and Investment Management. Maximum revenue for the company is generated from its Commercial Real Estate segment, which offers services like transaction and debt finance services, outsourcing in property management, valuation and advisory, loan servicing, and others. Geographically, the company generates maximum revenue from the United States followed by Canada, Euro currency countries, Australia, the United Kingdom, Poland, China, India, and other regions.

WillScot Holdings Corp designs, delivers, and services on-site, on-demand space solutions for clients. The company offers turnkey solutions in construction, education, manufacturing, retail, healthcare, and entertainment sectors. The products of the company include modular office complexes, mobile offices, classrooms, blast-resistant modules, clearspan structures, sanitation solutions, portable storage containers, and climate-controlled containers and trailers.

Opendoor Technologies Inc is an end-to-end real estate platform enabling customers to sell and buy a home online. Its product offerings include Sell to Opendoor, its core product where sellers sell their homes directly to the company, and it resells those homes to buyers; List with Opendoor, for customers to list their homes with a partner agent; and Opendoor Marketplace, a capital-light marketplace offering that connects home sellers with both institutional and retail buyers. In addition to these products, the company also offers its customers integrated title insurance and escrow services through its subsidiaries. A vast majority of the company's revenue is generated by its core product offering, where it acquires homes directly from sellers and resells those homes to buyers.

Klaviyo Inc is a technology company that provides a software-as-a-service (SaaS) platform to enable its customers to send the right messages at the right time across email, short message service, and push notifications, more accurately measure and predict performance, and deploy specific actions and campaigns. The platform combines proprietary data and application layers into one solution with machine learning and artificial intelligence capabilities. It is focused on marketing automation within eCommerce as its first application use case. It generates revenue through the sale of subscriptions to its customers for the use of its platform. Geographically, the company generates the majority of its revenue from the Americas, followed by EMEA and APAC.

Rbr Desenvolvimento Comercial Feeder Fof Fundo DE Inv Imob is Brazil based company. It is a real estate investment fund.

LEG Immobilien SE is a general real estate company. The company's portfolio consists mainly of residential units, followed by garages, parking spaces, and commercial units. The business model is supplemented by the targeted development of value-added services. LEG is mainly focused on the German market of the North Rhine-Westphalia region. The company divides its portfolio into three groups: high-growth markets, stable markets, and higher-yielding markets.

Cencosud Shopping SA is a Chile based company focused on the development, construction and administration of commercial rental properties, mainly shopping centers and offices.

Frontdoor Inc is a United States-based company that provides home service plans. It owns multiple home service brands including American Home Shield, HSA, OneGuard, and Landmark brands. Through its home service plans, the company helps its customers maintain their homes and protect against costly and unexpected breakdowns of essential home systems and appliances.

Rightmove PLC provides online property search platforms. The company's customers include agents, buyers, renters, and new home developers. The company provides users with tools such as the house price index, which tracks house prices and analyzes price trends in the U.K. house market, and a mortgage calculator. The company's segments include agencies, new homes, and others. The agency segments of the company provide resale and lettings property advertising services. The new homes segment provides property advertising services to new home developers. Its other segment includes overseas, commercial property, and non-property advertising services. The company generates maximum revenue from the agency segment.

Easy Click Worldwide Network Technology Co Ltd is committed as a global intelligent data-driven marketing service profession to provide results-driven services included performance marketing, brand building and industrial solutions integrating. The company's clients is involved in wide range industries of E-commerce, tool applications, information dissemination, games and other pan-entertainment applications.

Pandox AB is the owner of hotel properties. The company organizes operations into two segments, namely, Lease and Own operations. In Owns Operation Activities, Pandox both owns hotel properties and runs the hotel operations. The company is active in various countries in Northern Europe.