Sohu Valuation Multiples

Microsoft develops and licenses consumer and enterprise software. It is known for its Windows operating systems and Office productivity suite. The company is organized into three equally sized broad segments: productivity and business processes (legacy Microsoft Office, cloud-based Office 365, Exchange, SharePoint, Skype, LinkedIn, Dynamics), intelligence cloud (infrastructure- and platform-as-a-service offerings Azure, Windows Server OS, SQL Server), and more personal computing (Windows Client, Xbox, Bing search, display advertising, and Surface laptops, tablets, and desktops).

Tencent is the world's largest game publisher, with top-grossing mobile hits like Honor of Kings and Peacekeeper Elite and a steady pipeline of new titles. It also operates WeChat-China's super-app with roughly 1.3 billion users-embedded in daily life for messaging, short video, mini programs, payments, and shopping. Beyond its own platforms, Tencent is a prolific strategic investor, holding stakes in leading internet companies such as PDD, Kuaishou, and Xiaohongshu.

Founded in the late 1990s as an internet portal, NetEase has evolved into China’s second-largest online gaming company. Its early success was anchored by the massively multiplayer online role-playing game Fantasy Westward Journey, which laid the foundation for a durable franchise strategy. Over the past decade, the company has expanded its portfolio with successful titles such as Justice, Identity V, Naraka: Bladepoint, and Eggy Party, all of which continue to maintain sizable and engaged player bases.In addition to its in-house development capabilities, NetEase partners with global IP holders such as Microsoft and Marvel to develop and publish titles based on established franchises, including World of Warcraft, Diablo Immortal, and Marvel Rivals, further strengthening its global presence.

Sea started as a gaming business, Garena, but in 2015 expanded into e-commerce. Sea operates Southeast Asia's largest e-commerce company, Shopee, in terms of gross merchandise value. Shopee is a hybrid C2C and B2C marketplace platform operating in Indonesia, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Brazil. For Garena, Free Fire is the key revenue generating game. Sea’s third business, SeaMoney, provides lending, payment, digital banking, and insurance services.As of March 31, 2025, Forrest Xiaodong Li, the founder, chairman and CEO, owned 59.1% of voting power. Tencent owned 18.5% of issued shares with no voting power.

Nintendo started its video game console business in 1983 by launching the NES, and started its portable console business in 1989 by launching the Game Boy. Since then, the firm has focused on expanding the gaming population by delivering unique entertainment experiences on its original console systems. However, Nintendo not only makes game consoles, but also owns world-renowned IPs such as Super Mario, Pokemon, and Zelda, which have been a source of cash flow for 40 years.

Electronic Arts is one of the largest global developers and publishers of video games. Its most important franchises are the Madden NFL and FC soccer games, which it releases annually. In 2024, it also relaunched its American college football game. Other major franchises include Apex Legends, Battlefield, and The Sims. Typically, about three quarters of the firm’s sales are from in-game spending, with the remainder coming from initial game sales.

East Money Information Co Ltd is engaged in securities business, financial e-commerce service business, financial data service business, and Internet advertising service business. It mainly provides paid financial data services, financial e-commerce services, and Internet advertisement services through its Website, eastmoney.com. It generates majority of ots revenue from the securities business.

Take-Two is one of the largest global developers and publishers of video games, with labels including Rockstar, 2K, and Zynga. Grand Theft Auto is the firm's biggest franchise, accounting for about 30% of total sales for the past decade. NBA 2K is the industry's dominant basketball video game, with Take-Two releasing a new version annually. Other notable franchises include Red Dead Redemption, Borderlands, and Civilization. Typically, more than three-fourths of the firm's sales are from in-game spending, with the remainder coming from initial game sales. Since acquiring Zynga in 2022, mobile makes up about half of total sales.

Reddit is a social media platform where users can engage in conversations, explore, and create communities centered around their interests. Founded in 2005 by Steve Huffman and Alexis Ohanian, Reddit has evolved into a vast network of user-generated content organized into specialized forums known as "subreddits." The platform's unique community-driven model relies on volunteer moderators to manage content and maintain subreddit guidelines. Reddit generates revenue through advertising, Premium Memberships, and data licensing agreements.

Roblox operates a free-to-play online video game platform with nearly 150 million daily active users. This platform has spawned a virtual universe and a Roblox economy based on the Robux currency. The platform houses millions of games from a wide range of creators—spanning from young gamers themselves to professional development studios. Roblox offers creators the tools, publishing abilities, and platform for their games, enabling anyone to create a game. Creators earn money when gamers make optional in-game purchases within their games and by offering space for real-world advertising, and Roblox earns revenue primarily by taking a cut of these earnings.

LY is a leading Japanese internet services conglomerate. Its main services are Yahoo Japan, the oldest portal site in Japan that offers a wide variety of services, such as news, e-commerce, financial information, and Line, a national messenger application. In 2019, the company acquired Zozo, a leading online apparel retailer, to grow its e-commerce business. In 2022, LY consolidated with its wholly owned subsidiary PayPay, the most popular QR code payment service in Japan.

Konami is a Japanese video game and entertainment company best known for its eFootball, Yu-Gi-Oh!, Powerful Pro Baseball, and Metal Gear franchises. It operates four business divisions—digital entertainment, amusement, gaming and systems, and sports. Overseas sales account for the majority of the company’s revenue.

Zhejiang Century Huatong Group Co Ltd is a China-based company engaged in three main businesses: Internet games, auto parts manufacturing, and artificial intelligence cloud data, as well as brain science research, artificial intelligence, metaverse platform and application development and investment.

News Corporation is a diversified media conglomerate with big presence in the US, the UK, and Australia. Key mastheads include The Wall Street Journal, Barron's, New York Post, The Times, The Sun, The Australian, Herald Sun, and The Daily Telegraph. Its 61%-owned REA Group is the dominant property listings platform in Australia. In addition, it owns Harper Collins, one of the largest book publishers in the world, and has a sizable US digital property advertising business, Move. The 65% interest in Foxtel, the Australian pay-TV and streaming provider, was sold in April 2025. The sale to global sports streaming platform, DAZN, was struck at more than 7 times Foxtel's EBITDA.

Kakao Corp is a technology and platform company engaged in digital services, content, mobility, and financial technology businesses. The company operates through seven reportable segments. The Kakao segment provides advertising and platform-based service offerings. The Kakao Games segment covers game development, publishing, and related services. The Kakao Entertainment segment focuses on entertainment planning and content production, and distribution. Kakao Mobility offers database-based information provision services, while Kakao Pay provides mobile platform-based financial services. Kakao Piccoma operates a platform for webtoon and web-novel supply, and the SM Entertainment segment engages in entertainment planning and content production.

New York Times Co is an American media company known for publishing its flagship newspaper, The New York Times. The company also operates the International New York Times newspaper, as well as digital properties such as NYTimes and various smartphone applications. The company has two segments: New York Times Group and The Athletic. The company generates the majority of its revenue from the NYTG segment. The NYTG and The Athletic segments derive revenue from subscriptions, Advertising, and others, where the majority source of revenue for both segments is subscription.

Nexon is a South Korean online game developer and publisher, founded in 1994 in Korea by Kim Jung-ju. In 2005, the company moved its headquarters to Tokyo, Japan, and has operations in Korea, the US, Taiwan, and Thailand. The company’s most notable franchises are MapleStory, Dungeon & Fighter, Sudden Attack, and KartRider. Nexon has been the publisher for EA’s FC Online game franchise in Korea and Japan since 2013. Nexon acquired an independent game developer, Embark Studios AB, located in Stockholm, Sweden, in 2019.

Kunlun Tech Co Ltd engages in the development and distribution of online games in China. It also operates software application stores. The company develops and distributes web games, social games, mobile games, and software applications. Geographically, the company distributes its products in domestic and overseas markets.

Capcom was founded in 1979, originally an arcade game producer, but gradually transitioned to focus on producing console games, with the popularization of console gaming throughout the years. Capcom is currently one of the top video game producers in the world, with several long-lived popular series Resident Evil (since 1996), Monster Hunter (since 2004) and Streetfighter (since 1987). It was the top highly reviewed game publisher in 2019 and 2023 in Metacritic’s Annual Game Publisher Rankings. It also runs several side businesses including arcade operations, slot machines and e-sports.

Bilibili is a Chinese online entertainment platform best known for its YouTube-like video-sharing site. Founded in 2009, it first focused on long-form content centered around anime, comics, and gaming, catering primarily to Gen Z users. Over time, the platform has broadened its content offerings to include a wider range of interests, successfully attracting a more diverse audience beyond the Gen Z demographic.

Krafton Inc is a South Korea-based game developer and publisher engaged in creating and distributing PC, mobile, and console games. Its activities also extend to game software services, mobile app development, video content production, and related investment and consulting work. The company manages multiple studios, including PUBG Studio, Bluehole, RisingWings, Striking Distance Studios, Dreamotion, and Unknown Worlds, and is known for titles such as PUBG: Battlegrounds, New State Mobile, BGMI, Defense Derby, The Callisto Protocol, Ronin: The Last Samurai, Road to Valor, Moonbreaker, and Subnautica.

Giant Network Group Co Ltd is engaged in Internet culture and entertainment business, research and development and operation of Internet games, and other Internet business.

International Games System Co Ltd plans, designs, researches, develops, manufactures, markets, and services commercial electronic arcade games, related software and hardware products, online games and mobile games. It offers arcade game, online game, mobile game, simulator machine games and online games. All the business activity is operated through Taiwan. There are two segments namely: Arcade game division, which derives maximum revenue and Online game division.

37 Interactive Entertainment Network Technology Group Co Ltd is involved in the interactive entertainment business, mainly focused on the research, development, publishing, and operation of mobile games and browser games, while arranging the pan-entertainment business, including film and TV, animation, and music. Its operating segments include the Mobile Gaming business and the Web Game business.

CD Projekt SA is the holding company of CD Projekt capital group. The firm with its subsidiary develops and publishes videogames for hardware platforms such as Steam, PlayStation Store, Xbox Games Store, Nintendo, App Store, Humble Bundle, Origin, and its own proprietary GOG.com platform. It is also involved in international digital videogame distribution. The firm has CD Projekt Red and GOG.com segments. It derives the majority of its revenues from CD Projekt Red segment.

M3 Inc is a Japan-based company engaged in providing medical-related services through internet-based platforms and real-world operations. The company operates six reportable segments: Medical Platform, Evidence Solutions, Career Solutions, Site Solutions, Patient Solutions, and Overseas. Its businesses include online marketing for medical professionals, clinical trial support, human resources services for medical professionals, operational support for medical institutions, and patient support services. The Overseas segment offers similar services internationally, including in the United States, the United Kingdom, China, South Korea, India, France, Germany, and Spain.

Talkweb Information System Co Ltd is a provider of software and hardware integrated products and solutions in China. It offers software cloud services, intelligent computing, Hongmeng ecology, and mobile games. The company provides services to approx. 31 provincial-level administrative regions across the country and more than 10 overseas countries. It focuses on key areas and industries such as digital government, intelligent manufacturing, intelligent transportation, intelligent education, and intelligent parks.

Square Enix is a Japanese video game publisher and entertainment company that was formed in 2003 through the merger between Square and Enix. The company is best known for its role-playing game franchises such as Final Fantasy, Dragon Quest, Kingdom Hearts, and Nier. The company also operates publishing, merchandise, and amusement businesses.

Kingnet Network Co Ltd is a Chinese-based online game company. The company's main business covers research and development as well as the operation and publishing of quality entertainment content, including mobile games, web games, and PC games. It also engages in the operation of web game platforms and mobile app distribution platforms.

Oriental Pearl Group Co Ltd operates a media integration and distribution platform in China. The various business units of the company comprise Channel Products Operation, Video Shopping, and E-Commerce, Culture and Entertainment Themed Tourism, Mobile Transmissions and Video Games among others.

Kakaku.com Inc. is a Japan-based internet company operating various web services. The company operates through four segments. The Incubation Business includes real estate and housing site Smity, travel review site Fort Travel, movie information site Movie.com, automotive site web CG, dynamic package systems, and the bus comparison site Bus Comparison Navi. The Job Box Business operates the job search site Job Box and job information site Jobcube. The Kakaku.com Business operates the purchasing support site Kakaku.com and engages in insurance services through Kakaku.com Insurance Co., Ltd. The Tabelog Business operates the restaurant search and reservation site Tabelog. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Tabelog business segment.

Doximity Inc is a digital platform for U.S. medical professionals. The cloud-based platform provides members with tools specifically built for medical professionals, enabling them to collaborate with their colleagues, securely coordinate patient care, conduct virtual patient visits, stay up-to-date with the latest medical news and research, and manage their careers and on-call schedules.

Kingsoft Corp Ltd is a Chinese software and Internet services company. The company's operating segment includes entertainment software and others and office software and services. It generates maximum revenue from the entertainment software and others segment. The entertainment software and others segment is engaged in the research and development of games, and the provision of online games, mobile games and casual game services. Geographically, it derives a majority of revenue from Mainland China, and also has its presence in Hong Kong, and Other Countries.

Micro-Star International Co Ltd is a manufacturer and distributor of computer hardware products, particularly gaming laptops and hardware. Its other products include laptops, motherboards, graphics cards, all-in-one PCs, mobile workstations, barebone computers, servers, multimedia peripherals to vehicle infotainment solutions, smart cleaning robots, and Wi-Fi cameras.

G-bits Network Technology (Xiamen) Co Ltd develops video games and other multiplayer online games. It offers client, Web, mobile, and VR games. Geographically, it operates through the region of China.

JOYY Inc is a technology company. The Company operates several social products, including Bigo Live for live streaming, Likee for short-form videos, Hago for multiplayer social networking, an instant messaging product, and others. The Company operates through two segments: BIGO and All other. The BIGO segment consists of several social entertainment platforms, including Bigo Live, Likee, imo, and others. The All other segment consist of Hago, Shopline, and certain audio live streaming platforms.

IAC Inc is comprised of businesses, including Angi Inc, Dotdash Meredith, and Care.com, among many others, ranging from early-stage to established businesses. Its Dotdash Meredith segment consists of its Digital and Print businesses. Care.com segment is an online destination for families to connect with caregivers for their children, aging parents, pets, and homes, and for caregivers to connect with families seeking care services. Search segment consists of a collection of websites providing general search services and information, and a Desktop business, which includes business-to-business partnership operations.

XD Inc is engaged in the development, operation, publishing, and distribution of mobile and web games and the provision of information services in China and overseas. It also operates TapTap, a game community and platform in China. It has two operating segments. The game segment, which is the key revenue driver, offers game publishing and operating services on its own and via other distribution channels. Revenues from this segment are derived from game publishing and operating services. The TapTap platform segment offers online marketing services to game developers, game publishers, or their agents. Revenues from this segment are derived from performance-based online marketing services. Its geographic areas are Mainland China and Other areas.

Koei Tecmo Holdings is a Japanese video game, amusement, and anime company created in 2009 by the merger of Koei and Tecmo, best known for their Nobunaga’s Ambition, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Nioh, and Atelier game franchises. The company also creates games based on third-party franchises, such as Nintendo’s The Legend of Zelda and Fire Emblem, and Kodansha’s Attack on Titan.

Sega Sammy Holdings was established as a holding company in 2004, when video game developer Sega and pachislot and pachinko vendor Sammy merged. The company currently derives majority of its sales revenue from entertainment content and its pachislot and pachinko machine business, which contributed 75% and 23% of total revenue in fiscal 2024, respectively.

Kadokawa Corp is a Japan based publisher and digital content platform provider. It is involved in various businesses such as publishing, film, publishing rights, digital contents, planning, development and operation of network entertainment service, and contents and operation of video- sharing website.

Yiyou Holdings Inc formerly, Nantai International Inc is an investment company planning to acquire liquor companies in China.

People.cn Co Ltd is engaged in Advertising and promotion services, mobile value-added services, information services and technical services.

Trump Media & Technology Group Corp is a media and technology company rooted in social media, digital streaming, information technology infrastructure, and more. Its initial product launch will focus on its social media platform, Truth Social, which encourages an open, free, and honest conversation without discriminating against political ideology.

Ballys Intralot SA is a iGaming operator and a world-wide provider of lottery solutions. The company enables operators to modernize their retail and digital offerings, deliver personalized and responsible player experiences, and operate with greater agility and efficiency in an increasingly converging gaming ecosystem. Its products and services include: B2C operations, Gambling Solutions, Betting Solutions, Lottery Solution and Digital Transformation.

Visual China Group Co Ltd is engaged in providing digital visual content and visual solutions to customers in media, commercial, and consumer sectors. It services include Copyright removal, rights protection agent, Sports, Entertainment and Digital marketing, and Special shooting.

Netmarble Corp is an online gaming company in South Korea. Its core business include game development and game publishing throughout the world. Some of its games include Tera M, FishingStrike, Raven, Seven Knights, among others.

Hangzhou Shunwang Technology Co Ltd develops and sells Internet entertainment networking platforms. It focuses mainly on internet cafe technology development. It offers IcafeMavin, a software platform for Internet café management; system virtual disk, an operating system solution for diskless Internet cafes; and Game virtual disk, a game virtual service software for Internet cafes, as well as other Internet café integration solutions.