ZKH Group Valuation Multiples

Amazon is the leading online retailer and marketplace for third party sellers. Retail related revenue represents approximately 74% of total, followed by Amazon Web Services (17%), and advertising services (9%). International segments constitute 22% of Amazon's total revenue, led by Germany, the United Kingdom, and Japan.

Alibaba is the world's largest online and mobile commerce company as measured by gross merchandise volume. It operates China's online marketplaces, including Taobao (consumer-to-consumer) and Tmall (business-to-consumer). The China retail e-commerce platform is the most valuable cash flow-generating business at Alibaba. Additional revenue sources include China wholesale e-commerce, international retail and wholesale e-commerce, local consumer services, travel services, cloud computing, digital media and entertainment, Cainiao logistics services, and other businesses.

PDD Holdings operates commerce businesses in over 80 countries globally. Its main operations are Pinduoduo, a social commerce platform in China, and Temu, a global e-commerce marketplace. PDD also has a community group purchase business in China. PDD has built a network of sourcing, logistics, and fulfillment capabilities that support its underlying businesses.

Prosus is a consumer internet group with listed and unlisted platforms across 100 countries. Around 80% of Prosus’ net asset value is derived from its Tencent holdings, the world’s largest game publisher and operator of WeChat, China’s super app with 1.3 billion users. Prosus has approximately a 23% stake in Tencent. The rest of the group’s businesses and investments are organized into classifieds, food delivery, payments and fintech, and edtech. This includes ownership of iFood, Brazil’s largest food delivery app, and a 25% stake in Swiggy, the second-largest delivery platform in India.In 2019, Prosus was spun out of South Africa-based parent company Naspers Ltd and listed on the Euronext exchange. Naspers holds approximately 75% of Prosus’ shares.

MercadoLibre runs the largest e-commerce marketplace in Latin America, with about 150 million active users and more than 600 million active listings across 18 countries stitching into its commerce network or fintech solutions when last reported. The company operates a host of complementary businesses to its core online shop, with shipping solutions (Mercado Envios), a payment and financing operation (Mercado Pago and Mercado Credito), advertisements (Mercado Clics), classifieds, and a turnkey e-commerce solution (Mercado Shops) rounding out its arsenal. MercadoLibre generates revenue from final value fees, advertising royalties, payment processing, insertion fees, subscription fees, and interest income from consumer and small-business lending.

Sea started as a gaming business, Garena, but in 2015 expanded into e-commerce. Sea operates Southeast Asia's largest e-commerce company, Shopee, in terms of gross merchandise value. Shopee is a hybrid C2C and B2C marketplace platform operating in Indonesia, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Brazil. For Garena, Free Fire is the key revenue generating game. Sea’s third business, SeaMoney, provides lending, payment, digital banking, and insurance services.As of March 31, 2025, Forrest Xiaodong Li, the founder, chairman and CEO, owned 59.1% of voting power. Tencent owned 18.5% of issued shares with no voting power.

EBay operates one of the largest e-commerce marketplaces in the world, with $79.6 billion in 2025 gross merchandise volume, rendering the firm a top 10 global e-commerce company. It generates sales from listing fees, advertising, revenue-sharing arrangements with service providers, and managed payments, with its platform connecting about 135 million buyers and roughly 20 million sellers across almost 190 global markets at the end of 2025. EBay generates just north of 50% of its GMV in international markets, with a large presence in the UK, Germany, and Australia.

Naspers Ltd is an Internet and entertainment group and technology investor in the world. Operating in more than 120 countries and markets with long-term growth potential, Naspers builds companies that empower people and enrich communities. It runs some of the platforms in the internet, video entertainment, and media. Naspers operates in various sectors including online classifieds, food delivery, payments, travel, education, health, and social and internet platforms. People use products and services of companies that Naspers has invested in, acquired, or built, including Azos, PharmEasy, ElasticRun, Alwans, and Vegrow among others. Geographically, the company derives maximum revenue from Europe and the rest from Asia, Africa, Latin America, North America, and other regions.

JD.com is the third-largest Chinese e-commerce platform by gross merchandise volume in 2024. it offers a wide selection of authentic products with speedy and reliable delivery. The company has built its own nationwide fulfilment infrastructure and last-mile delivery network, staffed by its own employees, which supports both its online direct sales, its online marketplace and omnichannel businesses.

Based in Dallas, Copart operates an online salvage vehicle auction with operations in 11 countries across North America, Europe, and the Middle East, facilitating over 4 million transactions annually. The company utilizes its virtual bidding platform, VB3, to connect vehicle sellers with over 750,000 registered buyers around the world. Buyers primarily consist of vehicle dismantlers, rebuilders, individuals and used vehicle retailers. About 80% of Copart’s vehicle volume is supplied by auto insurance companies holding vehicles deemed a total loss. Copart also offers services such as vehicle transportation, storage, title transfer, and salvage value estimation. The company primarily operates on a consignment basis and collects fees based on the vehicle’s final selling price.

Coupang is South Korea’s largest e-commerce platform that sells both owned and third-party inventory. Headquartered in the US, Coupang operates e-commerce businesses mainly in South Korea and Taiwan. The company has built an integrated logistics network that covers the entirety of South Korea, with extensive fulfillment centers that ensure timely delivery, even for orders placed seconds before midnight. Outside of its bread-and-butter e-commerce business, Coupang has expanded into Rocket delivery services to third-party merchants (fulfillment and logistics by Coupang), online grocery delivery Rocket Fresh, online meal delivery (Eats), e-commerce in Taiwan, luxury e-commerce (Farfetch), and travel.

Founded in 1987 by four major European airline carriers (Air France, Lufthansa, Iberia, and SAS), Amadeus became the world’s second global distribution system operator, or GDS, after Sabre’s development in the 1960s and 1970s. Today, among the top three GDS operators that control nearly 100% of industry sales, Amadeus' 40%-plus market share ranks as the largest. Overall, Amadeus’ GDS segment represented 48% of total in 2024. Moreover, the company has an expanding IT solutions division (52% of 2024 revenue) that addresses the airline, airport, rail, hotel, and travel agency markets. Transaction fees, which are tied to volume and not price, account for the bulk of consolidated sales and profits.

Kuaishou Technology is a social media platform where users create, watch, and share short-form videos. Approximately half of the company’s revenue comes from advertising. Additionally, Kuaishou generates revenue through livestreaming, where fans purchase virtual gifts to tip hosts. The platform also features livestreaming e-commerce, enabling users to buy products showcased in videos, with Kuaishou earning a commission on each transaction. Kuaishou’s primary competitors are ByteDance’s Douyin and Tencent’s Video Accounts. Notably, Tencent owns a 16% stake in Kuaishou.

RB Global has evolved into a leading global marketplace that connects buyers and sellers of commercial assets and vehicles. It is the result of the 2023 combination of Ritchie Bros. and IAA. Ritchie Bros.' roots were as an auctioneer facilitating transactions of commercial, construction, and transportation equipment (excavators, bulldozers, forklifts, and commercial trucks and trailers). However, it has evolved into an omnichannel marketplace. IAA has similar roots, though primarily focused on the salvage auction segment for consumer automobiles. The group provides ancillary services including title processing, transportation/towing, financing, data and appraisal, and so on. Its activities are international, though skewing approximately two-thirds to North America.

LY is a leading Japanese internet services conglomerate. Its main services are Yahoo Japan, the oldest portal site in Japan that offers a wide variety of services, such as news, e-commerce, financial information, and Line, a national messenger application. In 2019, the company acquired Zozo, a leading online apparel retailer, to grow its e-commerce business. In 2022, LY consolidated with its wholly owned subsidiary PayPay, the most popular QR code payment service in Japan.

Pinterest is a social media platform with a focus on product and idea discovery. Pinterest users, or pinners, can leverage the platform as they go about gathering ideas on topics such as home improvement, fashion, cooking, and travel. The company has more than 500 million monthly active users, two thirds of whom are female. Pinterest generates revenue by selling digital ads on its platform. While the platform’s user base spans the globe, the vast majority of its revenue stems from ads shown to North American users.

Rakuten is a leading e-commerce and fintech service provider in Japan. It has built up a comprehensive Rakuten ecosystem in Japan, including Rakuten Ichiba for e-commerce, Rakuten Travel, Rakuten Card, Rakuten Bank, Rakuten Securities, and became the fourth mobile network operator in Japan in April 2020. The loyalty program, Rakuten Super Points, has encouraged cross-use of services in its ecosystem. About 90% of its revenue is generated from the Japanese market.

Allegro is a large Polish holding company with a suite of complementary online retail properties including Ceneo (price comparisons), EBilet (live events tickets), We|Do (courier services), and the Mall Group (online and offline retail in adjacent Central European markets). The firm is best known for its eponymous e-commerce marketplace, which generates predominantly third-party product sales across the home and garden, electronics, health and beauty, automotive, and supermarket categories. The operator boasts 45% to 50% share of the Polish e-commerce market by GMV, per our calculations and PWC data, and has built out a suite of ecosystem functionality that includes financial, logistics, and advertising services.

Meesho Ltd is a technology platform that integrates commerce, logistics, and content creation to support e-commerce activities under the Meesho brand. The Company also provides digital financial services by facilitating financing arrangements between non-banking financial companies and sellers to support access to credit, and it operates a supply-chain service for the delivery of groceries and other products. The Company operates through the Marketplace segment, which is a technology platform connecting consumers, sellers, logistics partners, and content creators, and the New Initiatives segment, which includes a low-cost local logistics network for daily essentials and a digital financial services platform. The majority of the Company's revenue is generated from the Marketplace segment.

MonotaRO Co is a Japanese e-commerce company selling industrial supply products.

Vishal Mega Mart Ltd is engaged in the wholesale and retail trade of apparel, fast-moving consumer goods, and general merchandise. The group offers products across three product categories: apparel, general merchandise, and fast-moving consumer goods through a pan-India network of nearly 645 Vishal Mega Mart stores. Its brands are Yellow Hippo, Wavelength, Brink, Home Pure, Outshine, Tandem, Home Finery, and Others. The Group operates in the reportable segment of Contract Manufacturing and Wholesale and Retail Trading.

Global E Online Ltd provides e-commerce solutions. The company offers a platform to enable and accelerate direct-to-consumer cross-border e-commerce. The platform was purpose-built for international shoppers to buy seamlessly online and for merchants to sell from and anywhere in the world. The company localizes the shopper experience to make international transactions as seamless as domestic ones. The platform increases the conversion of international traffic into sales by removing much of the complexity associated with international e-commerce. The company derives maximum revenue from the United States.

Vend Marketplaces ASA is a family of digital consumer brands with growing positions within online marketplaces in the Nordics. With effect from the fourth quarter of 2024, the operating segments are Mobility, Real Estate, Jobs, Recommerce and Delivery. It derives maximum revenue from Mobility Segment. Geographically, it operates in Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Others. Its brands include Blocket, Finn, Tori, Dba, Oikotie, Bytbil, qasa, and others.

Mango Excellent Media Co Ltd is a China-based company engaged in the provision of E-commerce services through Television, Internet, Catalogs, and other multimedia channels. The company operates three main business segments. The Mango Television Internet Video Business segment delivers content such as variety shows, TV dramas, films, movies, animations, and short videos. The New Media Interactive Entertainment Content Production Business segment covers the creation and operation of dramas, variety programs, and games, alongside artist management, music copyrights, and game development. The Media Retail Business segment focuses on TV shopping, media e-commerce, and overseas-related operations. The company generates maximum revenue from the Mango Television internet video business segment.

Mercari operates the largest consumer-to-consumer secondhand goods trading platform in Japan in Mercari, with over 23 million monthly active users and over JPY 1.1 trillion in gross merchandise value in fiscal 2022. We estimate that it currently has over 40% market share in the online C2C market, making it the top platform in Japan. It operates a domestic fintech business and a C2C marketplace app business in the US as well. Domestic business roughly accounts for over 95% of its total GMV.

Kakaku.com Inc. is a Japan-based internet company operating various web services. The company operates through four segments. The Incubation Business includes real estate and housing site Smity, travel review site Fort Travel, movie information site Movie.com, automotive site web CG, dynamic package systems, and the bus comparison site Bus Comparison Navi. The Job Box Business operates the job search site Job Box and job information site Jobcube. The Kakaku.com Business operates the purchasing support site Kakaku.com and engages in insurance services through Kakaku.com Insurance Co., Ltd. The Tabelog Business operates the restaurant search and reservation site Tabelog. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Tabelog business segment.

SMG Swiss Marketplace Group Holding AG is an online marketplace under three primary business segments: real estate, automotive, and general marketplaces, complemented by additional price comparison offerings in finance and insurance. Its tools include: ImmoScout24, Homegate, Flatfox, alle-immobilien.ch, Immostreet.ch, home.ch, Publimmo, Acheter-Louer.ch, CASASOFT, IAZI, AutoScout24, MotoScout24, anibis.ch, tutti.ch, Ricardo, FinanceScout24, and moneyland.ch.

IAC Inc is comprised of businesses, including Angi Inc, Dotdash Meredith, and Care.com, among many others, ranging from early-stage to established businesses. Its Dotdash Meredith segment consists of its Digital and Print businesses. Care.com segment is an online destination for families to connect with caregivers for their children, aging parents, pets, and homes, and for caregivers to connect with families seeking care services. Search segment consists of a collection of websites providing general search services and information, and a Desktop business, which includes business-to-business partnership operations.

PT Global Digital Niaga Tbk is engaged in the business of Retail Trading and programming Activities, as well as Web Portals and/or Digital Platforms. Its segments are Online Retail (First party and Third party), Institution, and Physical store.

Beijing United Information Technology Co Ltd operates business to business e-commerce platform. The company provides online commodity trading, commercial information services, and Internet technology for industrial products and raw materials for related industries. It also provides online commodity trading services for upstream and downstream industries such as coating chemicals, sanitary products, and glass, including self-operated e-commerce, third-party e-commerce, and SaaS services.

momo.com Inc is an e-commerce company that serves Taiwan. The company is engaged in TV and radio production, radio and TV program distribution, radio and TV commercial, video program distribution, issuing of magazine, retailing, and retail sale no storefront. The Group has two reporting segments: E-commerce division and Multimedia business division. It derives maximum revenue from E-Commerce Segment.

HBX Group International PLC is a travel-technology marketplace. The company is engaged in the intermediation of hotel accommodations and complementary travel products between travel suppliers and travel distributors. With the help of its subsidiaries, the Group also assists hotels in optimising their direct online channel, creating booking engines, and supporting digital marketing. The company's maximum revenue is derived from hotel bookings. The company connect between supply and demand, empowering businesses and their travellers, with choice and confidence.

DeNA Co Ltd is a social media service provider in Japan. It generates majority of the portion of its revenue by providing social media and Internet marketing-related services through its Social Media segment. The E-commerce segment offers E-Commerce related services, including the operation of auction shopping and cellular phone websites under the names DeNA shopping and Mobaoku, respectively. The Others segment is engaged in travel agency and insurance agency services, and professional baseball related business. The company has its primary market in North America.

Suning.com Co Ltd, formerly Suning Commerce Group Co Ltd, is a retail shop offering electronic appliances such as air-conditioners, refrigerators, washing machines, color TVs, audio-video products, small home appliances, communication products, computers and digital products.

Focus Technology Co Ltd is an Internet carrier in China. By introducing the Internet respectively into foreign trade, insurance, corporate procurement, medical, and other fields, Focus Tech successfully developed the following products: Made-in-China.com, Abiz.com, xyz.cn, StudyFun, Jiankang51.cn, and others.

Ziff Davis Inc is a digital media and internet company operating a portfolio of brands across technology, shopping, gaming and entertainment, health and wellness, connectivity, and cybersecurity. The company has five reportable segments. The Technology & Shopping segment generates revenue from advertising and commerce content. The Gaming & Entertainment segment provides content, subscriptions, and digital storefront services. The Health & Wellness segment offers digital tools and content for health management. The Connectivity segment provides data and analytics solutions for network performance. The Cybersecurity & Martech segment delivers cloud-based software for security and marketing. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Health & Wellness segment.

BuySell Technologies Co Ltd is engaged in providing internet-based reuse business. It offers purchase services from all over Japan to various sales services such as EC and special events. The company's products are kimono, stamps, coins, precious metals, jewelry, branded goods, watches, antiques, fur, liquor, among others.

E-MART Inc. is a hypermarket retail company in Korea. The company mainly operates its businesses through seven divisions: domestic hypermarket, tourism hotel, food, supermarket, resort, overseas hypermarket, and bakery. It operates around148 branch locations in Korea (including Emart Traders) and approximately 16 branches in China under management. In addition, by 2023, it plans to expand presence throughout the projected 200 store locations of more, while penetrating into overseas markets in Vietnam and Mongolia.

Beijing Zhidemai Technology Co Ltd is a shopping portal that integrates shopping guide, media, tools and community attributes. It introduces high-quality and consumer-oriented content to users with high-quality, good-quality products and services, providing users with high efficiency, precision and neutrality.

TBO Tek Ltd is a travel distribution platform. It is engaged in the business of operating an online technology platform (TBO Portal) providing its customers access to book international travel inventory aggregated through travel suppliers like airlines, hotels, cruises, car rentals, transfers, and rail services among others. Its customers include retail and API buyers such as travel agencies, independent travel advisors, and enterprise buyers including tour operators, travel management companies, online travel companies, super-apps, and loyalty apps. The company's business activities fall within two primary business segments; Air ticketing which generates maximum revenue, and Hotels and packages. Geographically, it derives maximum revenue from India and also has its presence outside India.

Yelp Inc operates in the online content market based in the United States. It provides a web-based platform and mobile application to bridge the gap between businesses and consumers. The platform assists consumers through product reviews, tips, photos and videos thereby enabling them in making better buying decisions and posting their feedbacks. Its products and services includes Advertising Products and Business Page Products. In addition, it also lets the buyers directly transact with businesses directly through its platform. Yelp generates revenue mainly from the sale of advertising on its website and mobile app to businesses. The company generates majority of the revenue from United States.

Akso Health Group is a social e-commerce platform based in China. The company collaborates with domestic e-commerce platforms and offers users a wide selection of high-quality and affordable products on its social e-commerce platform. It generates majority of the revenues from sale of medical devices business.

IndiaMART InterMESH Ltd operates as an online B2B marketplace for business products and services. It serves as a platform for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), Large Enterprises as well as individuals. Geographically, it derives a majority of its revenue from India. It earns revenue primarily through the sale of subscription packages.

Hangzhou Onechance Tech Crop is a Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) vertical marketing e-commerce operator. The major business of the company is providing e-commerce operating service which is covering all channels of the network for well-known FMCG brands at home and abroad. It offers one package service which contains image-building of brand, design and planning of product, integrated marketing planning, visual design, big data analysis, online brand operation, precise advertising, CRM management, pre-sales and after-sales service, warehousing and logistics, which will assist brands to improve their popularity and market share.

Izumi Co Ltd is engaged in operating shopping centres, general merchandising stores, clothing, household goods and food products. Most of the stores are located in Kyushu Region, Chugoku Region, and Shikoku Region in Japan. The company operates through segments including retail, retail-peripheral operations, and other. The retail segment is engaged in the retail business through shopping centres. The retail-peripheral operations segment consists of a credit and finance business, shop facility management, and restaurant operation, which deliver the vast majority of the business' income. The other segment includes wholesale and real estate operations.

Upwork Inc is a United States-based company that operates an online marketplace that enables businesses to find and work with skilled independent professionals. The company develops platform for hiring and freelancing purposes and connects businesses with AI-enabled talent across every on-demand work type, including freelance, agency, fractional, and payrolled. The business generates revenue from Talent and Clients across the USA, India, Pakistan, the Philippines and the rest of the world. Maximum revenue of the company is derived from Talent segment.

Liquidity Services Inc is an online auction marketplace. It manages and sells inventory and equipment for business and government clients by operating a network of e-commerce marketplaces that enable buyers and sellers to transact in an efficient, automated environment offering across different product categories. The company has four reportable segments: GovDeals, Retail Supply Chain Group (RSCG), and Machinio & Software Solutions. It generates majority of its revenue from Retail Supply Chain Group (RSCG) segment which consists of marketplaces that enable corporations located in the United States and Canada to sell excess, returned, and overstocked consumer goods. Geographically, a substantial portion the company's revenue is generated from its business in United States.

Sailvan Times Co Ltd  is a technology-driven export cross-border brand e-commerce. The company sells high-quality and individuality to global consumers through third-party e-commerce platforms such as Amazon, Walmart, eBay, Wish, and vertical category self-operated websites such as SHESHOW and Retro Stage. It offers modern lifestyle products, including clothing accessories, sports and entertainment, department stores and home furnishings and others. The company also provides logistics services to third parties based on its comprehensive cross-border warehousing and logistics system.