Truecaller Valuation Multiples

Alphabet is a holding company that wholly owns internet giant Google. The California-based company derives slightly less than 90% of its revenue from Google services, the vast majority of which is advertising sales. Alongside online ads, Google services houses sales stemming from Google’s subscription services (YouTube TV and YouTube Music, among others), platforms (sales and in-app purchases on Play Store), and devices (Chromebooks, Pixel smartphones, and smart home products such as Chromecast). Google’s cloud computing platform accounts for roughly 10% of Alphabet’s revenue. The firm’s investments in up-and-coming technologies such as self-driving cars (Waymo), health (Verily), and internet access (Google Fiber) make up the rest.

Meta is the largest social media company in the world, boasting close to 4 billion monthly active users worldwide. The firm's "Family of Apps," its core business, consists of Facebook, Instagram, Messenger, and WhatsApp. End users can leverage these applications for a variety of different purposes, from keeping in touch with friends to following celebrities and running digital businesses for free. Meta packages customer data, gleaned from its application ecosystem and sells ads to digital advertisers. While the firm has been investing heavily in its Reality Labs business, it remains a very small part of Meta’s overall sales.

Netflix’s relatively simple business model involves only one business, its streaming service. It has the biggest television entertainment subscriber base in both the United States and the collective international market, with more than 300 million subscribers globally. Netflix has exposure to nearly the entire global population outside of China. The firm has traditionally avoided a regular slate of live programming or sports content, instead focusing on on-demand access to episodic television, movies, and documentaries. The firm introduced ad-supported subscription plans in 2022, giving the firm exposure to the advertising market in addition to the subscription fees that have historically accounted for nearly all its revenue.

Wireless services account for 75% of Verizon Communications' total service revenue and nearly all of its operating income. The firm serves about 94 million postpaid and 20 million prepaid phone customers via its nationwide network, making it the largest US wireless carrier. Fixed-line telecom operations include local networks in the Northeast that reach about 30 million homes and businesses, including about 20 million served by the Fios fiber-optic network. Verizon closed its acquisition of Frontier Communications in January, adding networks that reach another 15 million locations, including 9 million with fiber. These networks serve about 11 million broadband customers. Verizon also provides telecom services nationwide to enterprise customers, using a mix of its own and other networks.

Disney operates in three global business segments: entertainment, sports, and experiences. Entertainment and experiences both benefit from the firm’s ownership of iconic franchises and characters. Entertainment includes the ABC broadcast network, several cable television networks, and the Disney+ and Hulu streaming services. Within the segment, Disney also engages in movie and television production and distribution, with content licensed to movie theaters, other content providers, or, increasingly, kept in-house for use on Disney’s own streaming platform and television networks. The sports segment houses the ESPN family of TV networks and streaming services. Experiences contains Disney’s theme parks, cruises, and vacation destinations and also engages in merchandise licensing.

Spotify is the leading global music streaming service provider, with over 750 million monthly active users and 290 million paying subscribers, with the latter constituting the firm’s premium segment. Most of the firm’s revenue and nearly all its gross profit come from the subscribers, who pay a monthly fee to access a music library that consists of most of the most popular songs ever recorded, including all from the major record labels. The firm also offers access to audiobooks and integrates podcasts within its standard music app. Podcast content is not exclusive and is typically free to access on other platforms. Ad-supported users can access a similar music catalog but cannot customize a similar on-demand experience.

Comcast is made up of three parts. The core cable business owns networks capable of providing television, internet access, and phone services to 65 million US homes and businesses, or nearly half of the country. The firm provides services to about 47% of the locations in this territory. Comcast acquired NBCUniversal from General Electric in 2011. Following the spinoff of several cable networks, including CNBC, MSNBC, and USA, NBCU now consists of the NBC network, several local NBC affiliates, Bravo, the Peacock streaming platform, Universal Studios, and several theme parks. Finally, Sky, acquired in 2018, is a large television provider in the UK and Italy.

Founded in the late 1990s as an internet portal, NetEase has evolved into China’s second-largest online gaming company. Its early success was anchored by the massively multiplayer online role-playing game Fantasy Westward Journey, which laid the foundation for a durable franchise strategy. Over the past decade, the company has expanded its portfolio with successful titles such as Justice, Identity V, Naraka: Bladepoint, and Eggy Party, all of which continue to maintain sizable and engaged player bases.In addition to its in-house development capabilities, NetEase partners with global IP holders such as Microsoft and Marvel to develop and publish titles based on established franchises, including World of Warcraft, Diablo Immortal, and Marvel Rivals, further strengthening its global presence.

Warner Bros. Discovery operates in three segments: streaming, studios, and linear networks. In 2026, it intends to split its networks from streaming and studios to form two separate companies. The streaming business includes HBO Max, which is rapidly increasing its international footprint in addition to its major presence in the US. Studios include industry leaders in both film and television, which produce movies and television series that are monetized in multiple ways, including theatrical release, sales to third parties, and feeding into Warner's own platforms. global networks consist of basic cable networks like CNN, TNT, TBS, Discovery, HGTV, and The Food Network. The Discovery+ streaming service will remain part of global networks.

Baidu is the largest internet search engine in China with over 50% share of the search engine market in 2024 per web analytics firm, Statcounter. The firm generated 70% of core revenue from online marketing services from its search engine in 2024. Outside its search engine, Baidu is a technology-driven company and its other major growth initiatives are artificial intelligence cloud, video streaming services, voice recognition technology, and autonomous driving.

Zoom Communications provides a video-first communications platform that connects people through frictionless video, voice, chat, and content sharing. The company’s cloud-native platform enables video experiences and connects users across various devices and locations in a single meeting. Zoom has launched a variety of communications-related solutions, including Zoom Phone and Zoom Contact Center. The firm was founded in 2011 and serves companies of all sizes from all industries around the world.

Twilio is a cloud-based communications platform-as-a-service company offering communication building blocks that allow for a fully customized customer engagement experience spanning voice, video, chat, and SMS messaging. It does this through various application programming interfaces and prebuilt solution applications aimed at improving customer engagement. The company leverages its Super Network, a global network of carrier relationships, to facilitate high-speed, cost-effective communication.

Atlassian produces software that helps teams work together more efficiently and effectively. The company provides project planning and management software, collaboration tools, and IT help desk solutions. The company operates in four segments: subscriptions (term licenses and cloud agreements), maintenance (annual maintenance contracts that provide support and periodic updates and are generally attached to perpetual license sales), perpetual license (upfront sale for indefinite usage of the software), and other (training, strategic consulting, and revenue from the Atlassian Marketplace app store). Atlassian was founded in 2002 and is headquartered in Sydney.

Roku enables consumers to stream television programming. It has more than 90 million streaming households and provided 145 billion streaming hours in 2025. Roku is the top streaming operating system in the US, reaching more than half of broadband households, according to the company. Roku’s OS is built into streaming devices and televisions that Roku sells and on connected televisions from other manufacturers that license Roku’s name and software. Roku also operates the Roku Channel, a free, ad-supported streaming television platform that offers a mix of on-demand and live television programming. Roku generates revenue primarily from selling devices, licensing, and advertising, and it receives fees from subscription streaming platforms that sell subscriptions through Roku.

Iflytek Co Ltd is a China-based company, principally engaged in the software and information technology (IT) service businesses. The company’s business includes intelligent application systems, software for voice and speech recognition and conversion, computer software design services, and computer programming services. The company's main products include AI language learning products, AI learning machines, AI diagnosis and treatment assistant products, smart medical devices, the iFLYTEK Hearing Smart Conference System, the iFLYTEK Spark App, the iFLYTEK Smart Office Book, the iFLYTEK Translator, and others.

News Corporation is a diversified media conglomerate with big presence in the US, the UK, and Australia. Key mastheads include The Wall Street Journal, Barron's, New York Post, The Times, The Sun, The Australian, Herald Sun, and The Daily Telegraph. Its 61%-owned REA Group is the dominant property listings platform in Australia. In addition, it owns Harper Collins, one of the largest book publishers in the world, and has a sizable US digital property advertising business, Move. The 65% interest in Foxtel, the Australian pay-TV and streaming provider, was sold in April 2025. The sale to global sports streaming platform, DAZN, was struck at more than 7 times Foxtel's EBITDA.

Kakao Corp is a technology and platform company engaged in digital services, content, mobility, and financial technology businesses. The company operates through seven reportable segments. The Kakao segment provides advertising and platform-based service offerings. The Kakao Games segment covers game development, publishing, and related services. The Kakao Entertainment segment focuses on entertainment planning and content production, and distribution. Kakao Mobility offers database-based information provision services, while Kakao Pay provides mobile platform-based financial services. Kakao Piccoma operates a platform for webtoon and web-novel supply, and the SM Entertainment segment engages in entertainment planning and content production.

SiriusXM operates almost exclusively in the US through its SiriusXM and Pandora audio services. SiriusXM is primarily a satellite radio service that offers nationwide coverage and mostly ad-free listening, with proprietary channels and exclusive content. It makes agreements with automakers to install its radios in vehicles and give trial services to vehicle buyers, which have traditionally fed its subscriber base. The company provides the service via a fleet of geostationary satellites it owns and operates, and now offers a streaming SiriusXM option. Pandora, which accounts for a much smaller portion of revenue and profit, offers a subscription and ad-supported streaming music service that competes with industry giants such as Spotify, Apple Music, and YouTube Music.

Match Group Inc is a provider of online dating products. The company's portfolio of brands includes Tinder, Hinge, Match, Meetic, OkCupid, Pairs, Plenty Of Fish, Azar, BLK, and more, each built to increase its user's likelihood of connecting with others. The company has four operating segments: Tinder, Hinge, Evergreen and Emerging, and Match Group Asia. The company generates the majority of its revenue from the Tinder segment.

Kunlun Tech Co Ltd engages in the development and distribution of online games in China. It also operates software application stores. The company develops and distributes web games, social games, mobile games, and software applications. Geographically, the company distributes its products in domestic and overseas markets.

Bilibili is a Chinese online entertainment platform best known for its YouTube-like video-sharing site. Founded in 2009, it first focused on long-form content centered around anime, comics, and gaming, catering primarily to Gen Z users. Over time, the platform has broadened its content offerings to include a wider range of interests, successfully attracting a more diverse audience beyond the Gen Z demographic.

Amdocs Ltd is a provider of software and services to communications, entertainment, and media service providers. The Company operates in a single segment and designs, develops, markets, supports, implements, and operates open and modular cloud offerings. Its portfolio includes solutions across digital business systems and legacy business and operational support systems, supporting multiple lines of business such as wireless, broadband, cable, fiber, satellite, and digital services. The Company leverages artificial intelligence to support digital transformation, cloud adoption, and intelligent network automation. Geographically, it derives a majority of its revenue from North America and also operates in Europe and the rest of the world.

Dropbox provides cloud storage and content collaboration tools, focusing on individuals and small to midsize businesses. Founded in 2007, Dropbox was a pioneer in the file sync and share market. In recent years, the firm has been emphasizing its Dash product, which facilitates AI-powered universal search across unstructured cloud data.

Tata Communications Ltd is the primary provider of international and national voice and data transmission long-distance services, internet dial-up and broadband services and other value-added services. The company’s reportable segments are Voice Solutions (VS), Data and Managed Services (DMS) and Real Estate (RE). It generates maximum revenue from Data and Managed Services (DMS) segment.

Nice is an enterprise software company that serves the customer engagement and financial crime and compliance markets. Software is deployed primarily on the cloud, but also on premises. Within customer engagement, Nice’s CXone is the leading CCaaS platform providing solutions such as call routing, interactive voice response, digital self-service, and workforce engagement management. Within financial crime and compliance, Nice offers risk and investigation management, fraud prevention, anti-money-laundering, and compliance solutions.

Duolingo Inc is a technology company that develops a mobile learning platform to learn languages and is the top-grossing app in the Education category on both Google Play and the Apple App Store. Its products are powered by sophisticated data analytics and artificial intelligence and delivered with class art, animation, and design to make it easier for learners to stay motivated master new material, and achieve their learning goals. Its solutions include the Duolingo Language Learning App, Super Duolingo, Duolingo English Test: AI-Driven Language Assessment, Duolingo For Schools, Duolingo ABC, and Duolingo Math. It has four predominant sources of revenue; time-based subscriptions, in-app advertising placement by third parties, and the Duolingo English Test, and In-App Purchases.

Oriental Pearl Group Co Ltd operates a media integration and distribution platform in China. The various business units of the company comprise Channel Products Operation, Video Shopping, and E-Commerce, Culture and Entertainment Themed Tourism, Mobile Transmissions and Video Games among others.

Monday.com is a work management platform allowing for increased collaboration and visibility across an organization. Delivered via a SaaS-based model, users can track progress across marketing and development initiatives, create and automate workflows, and manage IT approvals. Revenue is generated on a per-seat basis across several pricing tiers. As of fiscal 2024, the company had over 245,000 customers.

Lumine Group Inc acquires, strengthens, and grows vertical market software businesses in the Communications and Media industry. The company's software solutions are designed to enable customers to boost productivity and operate more cost effectively, innovate more rapidly to address rapidly changing market needs and opportunities, grow top-line sales, improve customer service, and reduce customer churn.

Stride Inc is an American online educational company. It offers alternative programs to traditional on-campus schooling. It also operates state-funded virtual charter schools around the United States. The educational programs for K-12 students are usually monitored by parents and provide virtual classroom environments where teachers meet with students online, by phone, or in-person. The company's contractual agreements with various school districts to offer its curriculum programs provide a majority of the company's revenue. The company lines of business are Managed Public School Programs, Institutional and Private Pay Schools and Other.

Doximity Inc is a digital platform for U.S. medical professionals. The cloud-based platform provides members with tools specifically built for medical professionals, enabling them to collaborate with their colleagues, securely coordinate patient care, conduct virtual patient visits, stay up-to-date with the latest medical news and research, and manage their careers and on-call schedules.

SoundHound AI Inc is an innovator of conversational intelligence, offering an independent Voice AI platform that enables businesses across industries to deliver high-quality conversational experiences to customers. The company's voice AI delivers speed and accuracy in numerous languages to product creators and service providers across retail, financial services, healthcare, automotive, smart devices, and restaurants via groundbreaking AI-driven products like Smart Answering, Smart Ordering, Dynamic Drive-Thru, and Amelia AI Agents.

Box is a cloud-based content management platform that provides storage and workflow collaboration services for enterprise customers. The firm was founded in 2005 as a file, sync, and share provider. Over time, it built out and acquired workflow and security tools to evolve the pure-play FSS business into a content management business. Most recently, Box has been pursuing an AI-powered, intelligent content management strategy that can allow for metadata extraction and workflow automation.

RingCentral is a unified communications as a service, or UCaaS, provider. Its software helps users communicate and collaborate via voice, video, and messaging across all device types and all from one platform. RingCentral helps customers modernize and move from legacy on-premises systems to modern, cloud-based systems. Beyond its core RingCentral MVP solution, RingCentral also offers a cloud-based contact center solution, a stand-alone video meetings solution, and webinars.

Life360 is the world’s largest family focused social network, with nearly 100 million monthly active users. Security-conscious families use the Life360 app to track each other’s whereabouts and to track the location of their pets and personal belongings. Life360 also offers a suite of additional security features, such as driver safety monitoring, roadside assistance, and emergency dispatching. In the US, the Life360 app regularly ranks in the top 10 most popular social-networking apps and in the top 25 across all apps in terms of daily active users.

IAC Inc is comprised of businesses, including Angi Inc, Dotdash Meredith, and Care.com, among many others, ranging from early-stage to established businesses. Its Dotdash Meredith segment consists of its Digital and Print businesses. Care.com segment is an online destination for families to connect with caregivers for their children, aging parents, pets, and homes, and for caregivers to connect with families seeking care services. Search segment consists of a collection of websites providing general search services and information, and a Desktop business, which includes business-to-business partnership operations.

Cloud Music is the second-largest online music service provider in China, founded in 2013 by NetEase. NetEase currently holds approximately 58% of Cloud Music’s equity stake and controls 90% of its voting power. The platform’s business model is similar to its main competitor, Tencent Music, as both offer music streaming services along with social entertainment features like live streaming to engage users and drive additional revenue.

Sinch AB provides cloud communication services and solutions to enterprises and mobile operators. The operating segments are Americas, EMEA, and APAC. The Americas region includes both North and Latin America, with the U.S. and Brazil being the contributing countries. The EMEA operating segment serves Sinch customers across Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, with the contributing countries being the UK and France. The APAC operating segment serves Sinch customers throughout the Asia-Pacific region, with India and Australia as the contributing countries.

China Literature Ltd is an investment holding company. The company along with its subsidiaries provides online reading services, copyright commercialization, writer cultivation and brokerage, and operation of text work reading. It generates its revenue from Online reading through self-owned platform products. it operates in two segments: Online business and Intellectual property operations and others. The Online business segment that derives the majority of revenue comprises online paid reading, online advertising, and game publishing. The Intellectual property operations and other segment include licensing and distribution of film and television properties, copyrights licensing, sales of adaptation rights and scripts, sales of physical books, and in-house online games operations.

Kadokawa Corp is a Japan based publisher and digital content platform provider. It is involved in various businesses such as publishing, film, publishing rights, digital contents, planning, development and operation of network entertainment service, and contents and operation of video- sharing website.

East Buy Holding Ltd is a live-streaming platform that focuses on selecting premium products for customers. The company operates in three reportable segments: Private Label Products and Livestreaming E-Commerce, College Education, and Institutional Customers. The majority of its revenue comes from private label products and the direct e-commerce segment, i.e., direct online commerce with private label products sold to individual customers and providing commission services.

Calix Inc develops, markets and sells its appliance-based platform, cloud and managed services that enable service providers of all types and sizes to innovate and transform their businesses. The company's customers utilize the real-time data and insights from Calix platforms to simplify their business and deliver experiences that excite their subscribers. The resulting growth in subscriber acquisition, loyalty and revenue creates more value for their businesses and communities. The Company's revenue is principally derived in the United States and it also has its presence in Europe, Americas excluding U.S., and Rest of World.

Meitu Inc is an investment holding company. It is engaged in the provision of online advertising and other Internet value-added services by offering a portfolio of photo and community apps that enjoys popularity in the PRC and overseas and the smart hardware business involving the production of MeituEve: a commercial artificial intelligence skin analyser, MeituKey: a contact skin analyser, MeituSpa: an artificial intelligence cleansing brush and Meitu Genius: an artificial intelligence smart mirror.

Cyfrowy Polsat SA operates in Poland as a provider of a paid digital satellite platform under the name of ‘Polsat Box’ and paid digital terrestrial television as well as the telecommunication services provider. The group operates in the following four segments that includes B2C and B2B services segment which relate to the provision of services to the general public, including digital television transmission signal, mobile services, internet access services, mobile TV services, online TV services, and set-top box production, Media segment consists mainly of production, acquisition, and broadcasting of information and entertainment programs, and TV series. Real Estate segment consists construction, sale, rental, and management of own or leased real estate and Green energy segment.

AvePoint Inc provides customizable solutions to optimize SaaS operations, enable secure collaboration, and accelerate digital transformation across technologies and industries. Its Confidence Platform delivers a comprehensive set of cloud-based solutions enabling IT operations, development operations, and cybersecurity professionals to monitor and secure the digital workplace using SaaS tools.

Grindr Inc is a social networking app for gay, bi, trans, and queer people. It is a social network that brings together gay and bisexual men who want to meet other men close to them in a completely discreet and anonymous way, without having to give any personal information or having to fill out a profile with confidential information in order to register.

Bandwidth Inc is cloud-based communications platform-as-a-service (CPaaS) provider that enables enterprises to create, scale and operate voice or messaging communications services across any mobile application or connected device. Company earns revenue through the sale of communications services offered through Application Programming Interface software solutions to enterprise customers. The majority of the company's revenue is generated from usage-based fees that includes voice communication and messaging communication that traverse the platform and network.

Rumble Inc is a free-to-use video-sharing platform where users can watch, share, like, comment, and upload their own videos. Users can subscribe to channels to stay in touch with recent creator content and access video-on-demand uploaded, and live content streamed, by creators. Geographically, it generates a majority of its revenue from the United States.