Mare Nostrum Valuation Multiples

Established in 1960 and domiciled in the Netherlands, Randstad is one of only three global recruitment providers, placing over 200,000 permanent candidates and 2 million temporary candidates annually. In addition, the company provides recruitment process outsourcing services, managed services programs, payroll services, outplacement services, and job postings.

Adecco Group is a provider of human capital solutions, with the majority of its revenue coming from flexible placement but also offering permanent placement, career transition, outsourcing, and consulting services in engineering, digital, and IT. The company is organized into three business units: Adecco, Akkodis, and LHH. The company provides services to businesses and organizations throughout Europe, North America, Asia-Pacific, South America, and North Africa.

Korn Ferry is a consulting firm that powers performance. The Company helps unlock the potential in people and unleash transformation across organizations synchronizing, operations, and talent to accelerate performance, fuel growth, and inspire a legacy of change. The company's segment includes Consulting, Digital, Executive Search North America, Executive Search EMEA, Executive Search APAC, Executive Search Latin America, Professional Search & Interim and RPO. The company generates the majority of its revenue from the Executive Search segment and Consulting segment. The Executive search segment helps organizations recruit board-level, chief executive, and other C-suite/senior executive and general management talent to deliver lasting impact.

Persol Holdings Co Ltd is a Japan-based company engaged in the provision of staffing and HR-related services. Its services include temporary staffing, recruitment, media, outsourcing, and job creation in a range of industries. The company's segments include Asia Pacific; Business Process Outsourcing (BPO); Career; Staffing; Technology; and Others. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Staffing segment, which is engaged in the temporary staffing business for a wide range of industries, mainly in the administrative field, mainly in Japan.

Jinhai Medical Technology Ltd is an investment holding company. Along with its subsidiaries, it is principally engaged in providing medical equipment in China and manpower outsourcing and ancillary services to building and construction contractors in Singapore. The group also provides IT services, construction ancillary services (which comprise warehousing, cleaning, and building maintenance works), and dormitory services in Singapore. It generates maximum revenue from the sale of minimally invasive surgery solutions, medical products, and related services in the People's Republic of China.

Robert Half Inc was founded in 1948, Robert Half provides temporary, permanent, and outcome-based staffing for both in-person and remote positions in the finance and accounting, technology, legal, marketing, and administrative fields. Its subsidiary consulting arm, Protiviti, specializes in technology, risk, auditing, and compliance matters. The firm generates its sales inside the U.S. and is one of the specialized firms in the fragmented U.S. staffing industry.

First Advantage Corp is a provider of global software and data in the Human Resources technology industry. The company leverages proprietary technology and AI across its platforms, data, and APIs to deliver comprehensive background screening, digital identity, and verification solutions driven by innovation, automation, and customer success. Its reportable segments are First Advantage Americas, First Advantage International, and Sterling. Maximum revenue is generated from the First Advantage Americas segment. The group serves customers in over 200 countries and territories, modernising hiring and onboarding on a global scale.

Trinet Group Inc provides human resources solutions for small and medium-sized businesses through technology-enabled services. Its offerings include human capital expertise, employee benefits such as health insurance and retirement plans, payroll and payroll tax administration, risk mitigation, and compliance consulting. The company provides its services through professional employer organization (PEO) services delivered via a co-employment model, as well as administrative services organization (ASO) offerings. The majority of the company's revenue is derived from the insurance-related billings and administrative fees collected from PEO clients.

Meitec Group Holdings Inc formerly Meitec Corp offers staffing in the flexible labour market and engineering solutions for manufacturers. The company provides temporary engineering staffing, senior-workforce development, career development and career change support, global engineering solution outsourcing, prototyping and mold making, mounting and design of circuit boards, and information technology solutions. The core business segment is temporary staffing offering flexible staffing for engineering companies. Meitec operates in Japan.

ManpowerGroup Inc provides workforce solutions and services, including recruitment and assessment, upskilling, reskilling, training and development, career management, outsourcing, and workforce consulting. The company leverages its trusted brands, industry knowledge, and AI-enabled assessments and offers an extensive portfolio of training and leadership development solutions. Its reportable segments are Staffing and Interim, Outcome-Based Solutions and Consulting, Permanent Recruitment, and Others, with Staffing and Interim generating the majority of revenue. It operates in the Americas, Southern Europe, Northern Europe, and APME. The company derives the maximum geographical revenue from the Southern European region.

FESCO Group Co Ltd is engaged in the provision of human resources services, including personnel management services, compensation and welfare services, business outsourcing services, recruitment and flexible employment services and others.

Insperity Inc is a company that provides a wide range of human resources and business solutions designed to help businesses improve their performance. Small and midsize enterprises are the company's primary target customers. Majority of the company's products are offered through the company's Workforce Optimization and Workforce Synchronization solutions, which comprise various human resource functions, such as payroll and employment administration, employee benefits and compensation, government compliance, performance management, training and development services, and human capital management. The company generates all of its revenue in the United States.

Open Up Group Inc provides human resource services and outsourcing or contracting services for manufacturing companies in Japan and overseas. The business segments of the company include: Mechatronics/IT field: it includes workers dispatching, contracting, consignment business such as development design engineers. Construction area segment includes construction management engineer business / CAD operator dispatch business for customers in construction industry. Manufacturing Area segment includes manufacturing site contracting and dispatch business for customers in manufacturing industry Temporary staffing, outsourcing and referral business for technology and manufacturing fields.

McMillan Shakespeare is a provider of salary packaging, novated leasing, disability plan management and support co-ordination, and fleet management services. It actively works to cross-sell its products to clients, for example, selling its salary packaging services to its fleet management customers in Australia and New Zealand. McMillan dominates Australia’s salary packaging market together with Smartgroup (also covered by Morningstar), and is also a large provider of novated leasing services by volumes—together with Smartgroup and SG Fleet. The group has three operating segments: group remuneration services, asset management services, and plan and support services. Most of the group’s revenue is generated from the group remuneration services segment.

JAC Recruitment Co Ltd provide appropriate and attentive consultation services to both companies seeking talent and candidates who wish to change jobs. Its recruitment services include JAC Recruitment, JAC Digital, JAC Executive, JAC International, JAC Career, VantagePoint, JAC Interim Professional Solutions, JAC RPO, and CareerCross.

Synergie SE is a French company which is engaged in providing companies and institutions with global human resources management and development services including recruitment, temporary employment, training and consultancy, out-placement and social engineering. The company serves its customer in tertiary sectors, cutting-edge industries such as aeronautics and renewable energy, construction and public works, market research, retail, services and new information and communications technologies. The company's revenue comprises billing or human resources management services. It provides its services in France, Belgium, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Canada, and Australia. The majority of the company's revenue comes from France.

Timee Inc is engaged in operating Timee, on-demand job platform.

Kforce Inc is a solutions firm specializing in technology, finance, accounting, and other professional staffing services. The company operates two business segments: the Technology segment, which provides talent solutions with candidates skilled in areas including systems/applications architecture and development, data management and analytics, business and artificial intelligence, machine learning, project and program management, and network architecture and security. The FA segment offers consultants in traditional finance and accounting roles such as finance, planning and analysis; business intelligence analysis; general accounting; transactional accounting, business and cost analysis; and taxation and treasury. The majority of revenue is earned through the Technology segment.

Barrett Business Services Inc is a provider of payroll administrative services and staffing services. The company categories of services include professional employer services and staffing. Professional employer services offer payroll management, payroll tax services, and workers' compensation coverage solutions, as well as workforce management services, including hiring and termination of employees. Staffing offers temporary staffing services, as well as contract staffing, long-term or indefinite on-site management, and direct placement services. The company operates in the United States of America. It generates maximum revenue from the Professional employer service fees.

Maharah Human Resources Co is a Saudi Arabia-based company. The company engages in temporary employment agency activities for domestic services and temporary employment agency activities for foreign labor services. Its operating segment includes the Corporate Sector, Facility Management Sector, and Individual Sector. Geographically, it derives a majority of revenue from KSA and also has a presence in the UAE. The company serves individuals, industrial and operational, retail, hospitality, healthcare, and commercial sectors.

Hays PLC is a recruitment company, providing staffing solutions across various sectors, including information technology, construction, finance, education, and healthcare. The company generates revenue prominently through fees for placing candidates in permanent, temporary, and contract roles. It also offers workforce solutions such as recruitment process outsourcing, managed service programs, and advisory services. Hays operates its business in four regions: Germany, the United Kingdom & Ireland, Australia & New Zealand, and the Rest of the World. Its business model focuses on matching skilled professionals with employer needs through a network of recruitment consultants and digital platforms, without owning physical labor assets.

Groupe CRIT SA specializes in temporary employment and recruitment services. The company's operating segment includes Temporary employment and recruitment; Airport services and Other services. It generates maximum revenue from the Temporary employment and recruitment segment. Geographically, it derives a majority of revenue from France and also has a presence in the United States; United Kingdom; Spain/Portugal; Switzerland; Africa and Other Countries.

UT Group Co Ltd is engaged in worker dispatch and outsourcing of permanent employees in manufacturing, design, and development, construction, and other sectors. The firm operates in three segments: Manufacturing Business, Solution Business, and Engineering Business.

Saudi Manpower Solutions Co (SMASCO) is a Company whose main activities is temporary employment agency services for home services and temporary employment agency services for foreign labour. It has distinguished itself in the manpower industry by offering a comprehensive suite of services tailored to corporate clients. These services are designed to address the demands of various sectors, encompass everything from basic manpower provision to total manpower solutions.

Forum Engineering Inc is a provider of human resources. The company's business includes worker dispatch business and paid job placement services. Its services include Cognavi dispatch, Cognavi career change, Cognavi graduate, Cognavi talent management, and Cognavi college.

HRnetGroup Ltd is an investment holding company. Along with its subsidiaries, it operates as a recruitment and staffing services provider. The group offers various recruitment, staffing, and personnel management solutions through various brands, which include HRnetOne, PeopleSearch, Recruit Express, RecruitFast, Ease, Crew, Octomate, and others. Its reportable segments are Professional recruitment, Flexible staffing, and Others. A majority of its revenue is generated from the Flexible staffing segment. Geographically, the group generates maximum revenue from Singapore, followed by North Asia and the Rest of Asia.

PageGroup PLC is engaged in providing recruitment consulting. The company is divided into different brands, page executive, which provides management solutions for organizations regarding leadership talent, Michael page provides recruits on a permanent, temporary, contract, and interim basis, Page Personnel provides recruiting services at technical, administrative, clerical, and junior management levels and Page Outsourcing. It derives the majority of its revenue from the EMEA region followed by the United Kingdom. It also has its presence in the Asia Pacific and Americas.

Al Mawarid Manpower Co is a Saudi closed joint stock company. The company is engaged in labor recruitment activities and the provision of manpower services in the Kingdom to corporate clients (in the public and private sectors) and individuals. The company operates in three reportable segments: Corporate Segment, Individual Segment, and Hourly Segment out of which Corporate Segment represents the majority revenue generated from corporate clients, mainly in connection with the following client industries: maintenance companies, restaurants, construction and contracting, transportation and hospitals.

Brunel International NV is a Dutch staffer & staffing service provider in the flexible labour market. The company offers recruitment & recruitment services in the energy, engineering, automotive, finance, information technology, legal, & pharma industries. The majority segment by revenue, Energy, provides engineers, project management, & consultancy services to oil & gas companies. It operates geographically in the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, Australasia, Europe & Africa, the Middle East & India, Asia, & Taylor Hopkinson. The group's activity is around two areas. Consulting services: recruitment, communication & information systems, engineering, management & law consulting. Delegation of skilled personnel: mainly in the financial, legal, industrial, technology, & energy sectors.

Pasona Group Inc provides human resource related support services. Its segments are BPO Solutions, Expert Solutions, Career Solutions, Global Solutions, Life Solutions, and Regional Revitalization and Tourism Solutions.

Kelly Services Inc is a specialty talent solutions company. The company operates through three reportable segments: i) Enterprise Talent Management, which provides temporary staffing, outsourcing, and permanent placement services across industrial, contact center, and clerical roles, ii) Science, Engineering & Technology, which supplies specialized talent across multiple industries, and iii) Education, which delivers staffing, placement, and executive search services to Pre-K-12 school districts and education organizations in the United States. The majority of the company's revenue is derived from the Enterprise Talent Management segment. Geographically, it generates the maximum revenue from the United States, followed by Europe and the Asia-Pacific Region.

Fullcast Holdings Co Ltd is a Japan-based holding company that provides human resource solutions. The company has two business segments namely, Short-term operational support business including short-term personnel service, event personnel service, and the security business, providing security services mainly for public facilities and corporations. The majority of the company's revenue is generated from Short-term operational support business. The short-term operational support business provides timely short-term staffing services that cater to fluctuations in client company's workloads.

Quhuo Ltd is a gig economy platform focusing on local life services in China. It provide tech-enabled, end-to-end operational solutions to consumer service businesses, including on-demand delivery solutions, mobility service solutions, housekeeping and accommodation solutions, and other services. Its three operating segments, include (i) on-demand delivery solutions, (ii) mobility service solutions, and (iii) housekeeping and accommodation solutions and other services.

Tamkeen Human Resource Co is engaged in providing manpower resources services to various sectors, The Group provides continuous support to each sector, from supplying skilled professionals to ensuring swift employment and addressing sector-specific requirements. The Companys main activity is in labour recruitment and providing manpower services in respect of domestic human resources. It has two segments Corporate segment (B2B) in various sectors, and the Individual segment (B2C), serving households mainly with maids, drivers, and cooks.

Altech Corp provides companies with professional outsourced staff to accomplish their specified technical tasks. The company offers temporary employment dispatching engineer, superior technical services in customer product development and design field, and others.

SThree PLC is involved in the staffing business. It provides contract and permanent recruitment services. The company operates in information and communication, engineering, energy, life sciences, banking, and finance sectors. It provides its service through various brands such as Progressive, Computer Futures, Real Staffing Group, and Huxley Associates. The company generated revenue from DACH, Rest of Europe, Netherlands including Spain, USA, Middle East & Asia.

World Holdings Co Ltd is a Japan based company engaged in the human resource and education business, real estate business and information communication business. In the human resource and education business, the company offers contract and temporary placement services and management skills for manufacturing and contracting business to other companies. The real estate business area of the company comprises detached housing sales business, residential condominium sale business, property business, building management business and brokerage business.

Quick Co Ltd provides human resource solutions and information services. The company operates in four business divisions namely Recruiting Division, Staffing Services Division, Information Publishing Division, and Others.

En Inc is a Japanese company that provides human resource services. It offers online job information sites and recruitment support platforms for various employment types, including full-time, part-time, and temporary work. The company provides recruitment consulting, career change support, and talent assessment services. It also offers tools for employee training, evaluation, and retention, aimed at improving organizational performance.

ZipRecruiter Inc is an online employment marketplace. It connects millions of job seekers with companies of all sizes. It is a two-sided marketplace for work that simplifies the job market for both job seekers and employers. Unlike traditional online job sites, ZipRecruiter works like a matchmaker curating job opportunities for job seekers, and candidates for employers.

TeamLease Services Ltd provides human resource services. Its employment services include temporary staffing solutions, permanent recruitment services, and regulatory consultancy for labor law compliance. Its segments are General Staffing and Allied Services, which include Staffing, Temporary Recruitment and Payroll & NETAP, and Other HR Services segments, which Comprises of Regulatory Compliance and Training, etc. The General staffing and Allied Services segment generates the majority of revenue. Geographically the company operates in India and outside India, where the key revenue is generated from India itself.

Zalaris ASA is a company that offers outsourced personnel and payroll services. The company has two reportable segments: Managed Services and Professional Services. Managed Services include payroll and HR outsourcing services, cloud system solutions and services, and contribute to the majority of the revenue. Professional Services include change project deliveries and customer-specific functionality implementation. Zalaris operates in Norway, Northern Europe, Central Europe, the UK, Ireland, and APAC.

One Career Inc is engaged in Career data platform business which includes recruitment digital transformation support services, etc.

Copro Holdings Co Ltd is engaged in providing staff recruitment services for the engineering and construction industries.

TrueBlue Inc is a provider of specialized workforce solutions that connect employers with talent. Its reportable segments include PeopleReady, which provides blue-collar contingent staffing and delivers on-demand and skilled labor across industries such as construction, transportation, retail, hospitality, and energy. The PeopleManagement segment offers contingent labor and outsourced industrial workforce solutions, mainly on-site at client facilities, through its OnSite and Centerline operations, focusing on workforce management and commercial driver services. PeopleSolutions delivers services focused on professional and specialized talent acquisition, as well as workforce management and compliance. The company generates the majority of its revenue from the PeopleReady segment.

WDB Holdings Co Ltd is a Japan based holding company engaged in providing human resource services. It specializes in temporary staffing and permanent employee introductions in fields such as biotechnology and chemistry research and development. The company operates in the businesses of Human resource services, CRO business, Contract research business, and Interaction business. In Human resource services, the company provides temporary staffing and recruiting services. In the CRO business, it offers support from basic research to clinical trials in the pharmaceutical, medical and other industries. The company operates contract research business in the fields of new materials, marine organism and industrial machinery.

Careerlink Co Ltd provides human resources services in Japan. The company offers temporary staffing and outsourcing services for manufacturing and distribution companies. It supplies temporary workers for office work; helps companies with recruiting office workers; and performs outsourced tasks and provides other services. Its business comprises of BPO related business, CRM related business, General administrative business and Cleaning business of food processing, manufacturing processing buildings and hotels.

HireQuest Inc is a nationwide franchisor of offices providing direct-dispatch, executive search, and commercial staffing solutions in the light industrial and blue-collar segments of the staffing industry and traditional commercial staffing. The company's franchisees provide various types of temporary personnel through two business models operating under the trade names HireQuest Direct, HireQuest, Snelling, DriverQuest, HireQuest Health, Northbound Executive Search, and MRI. The company's primary source of revenue is royalty fees based on the operation of its franchised offices.