ABL Group Valuation Multiples

Tesla is a vertically integrated battery electric vehicle automaker and developer of real world artificial intelligence software, which includes autonomous driving and humanoid robots. The company has multiple vehicles in its fleet, which include luxury and midsize sedans, crossover SUVs, a light truck, and a semi truck. Tesla also plans to begin selling a sports car and offer a robotaxi service. Global deliveries in 2025 were nearly 1.64 million vehicles. The company sells batteries for stationary storage for residential and commercial properties including utilities and solar panels and solar roofs for energy generation. Tesla also owns a fast-charging network and an auto insurance business.

CATL, headquartered in Ningde, Fujian Province, is a global leading battery manufacturer founded in 2011. The company specializes in the development and production of lithium-ion batteries for EVs and energy storage systems. CATL is the largest EV battery manufacturer in the world and leads the industry in innovative battery technology development for higher-energy density and safety, longer battery service life and super-fast charging. CATL is also involved in the manufacturing of cathode and other related battery materials. Through its subsidiary Brunp, it works with customers to create a closed-loop battery life cycle from production, application, to recycling.

Bloom Energy designs, manufactures, sells, and installs solid oxide fuel cell systems for on-site power generation. Bloom Energy Servers are fuel-flexible and can use natural gas, biogas, and hydrogen to create 24/7 electricity for stationary applications. Bloom sells its systems in the United States and internationally.

LG Energy Solution is the third-largest battery maker for electric vehicles with about 11% global share in 2024, according to SNE Research. The EV battery segment is the largest revenue contributor, which accounted for more than 60% of total revenue in 2024. LGES also manufactures batteries for mobility, mobile phones, laptops, electrical devices, and energy storage systems. The company was spun off from LG Chem’s battery division in December 2020 and listed on the Korea Exchange in January 2022. It has global manufacturing facilities in Korea, China, Poland, and the United States. Key customers include General Motors, Tesla, Volkswagen, Hyundai, and Stellantis.

Vistra Corp. is one of the largest power producers and retail energy providers in the USA. It owns 44 gigawatts of generation capacity, including natural gas (27 GW), nuclear (6.5 GW), coal (8.7 GW), and solar and battery storage (1.4 GW). The Cogentrix acquisition will add 5.5 GW of gas generation. Vistra's retail electricity business serves 5 million customers in 20 states, including almost a third of all Texas electricity consumers. Vistra emerged from the Energy Future Holdings bankruptcy as a stand-alone entity in 2016.

HD Hyundai Heavy Industries is engaged in shipbuilding and heavy-industry manufacturing. The company operates through four segments: Engine Machinery, Offshore Plant, Shipbuilding, and Others. The Engine Machinery segment produces marine engines, diesel power systems, pumps, and fluid machinery. The Offshore Plant segment handles the construction and installation of offshore structures, floating production units, and power-generation equipment. The Shipbuilding segment manufactures crude-oil carriers, container ships, product tankers, LNG carriers, and naval vessels. The Others segment covers leisure and performance-related facilities. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Shipbuilding segment.

China CSSC Holdings Ltd is a China-based company engaged in the business activities of shipbuilding and ship repair. Its main products are a Capesize bulk carrier, Floating production storage and offloading, Aframax tanker, and others. In addition, the company is also involved in the business activities of the power business, marine engineering, and electromechanical equipment.

First Solar designs and manufactures solar photovoltaic panels, modules, and systems for use in utility-scale development projects. The company's solar modules use cadmium telluride to convert sunlight into electricity. This is commonly called thin-film technology. First Solar is the world’s largest thin-film solar module manufacturer. It has production lines in Vietnam, Malaysia, the United States, and India.

COSCO SHIPPING Holdings Co Ltd is an investment holding company. The company's operating segments include the Container shipping business, Terminal business, and Corporate and other operations. It generates maximum revenue from the Container shipping business segment. Its geographical segments include America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Mainland China, and Other international markets.

Denmark-listed A.P. Moller-Maersk operates trade, shipping, logistics, and terminal assets globally. The oceans segment, the largest contributor to group revenue and earnings, has the second-largest oceangoing shipping capacity globally. Maersk has acquired several logistics firms in the past couple of years and plans for the segment to be the company's growth engine. Over the past few years, Maersk has divested noncore operations, including its long-standing stakes in Danske Bank and Dansk Supermarked, as well as its oil and gas operations and ocean towing.

International Container Terminal Services Inc is a container-handling and terminal company. The company operates, manages, develops, and acquires container terminals to handle import and export cargo shipped in containers. Besides, the firm provides storage, container stripping and stuffing, and maintenance services. The company organises itself into three geographical segments: Asia; Europe, Middle East, and Africa; and Americas. The company derives the majority portion of revenue from the Asia segment, followed by the Americas and EMEA.

Wartsila is a global manufacturer of critical equipment and services for the marine and energy markets with operations in over 70 countries. Approximately one-half of the group’s sales are derived from the sale of services and spare parts through its network of 258 sales and service network locations. Wartsila is listed on the Nasdaq Helsinki exchange in Finland. Approximately one in three oceangoing vessels has a Wartsila solution on board, translating into an installed base of over 50,000 vessels and 10,000 customers.

German-listed Hapag-Lloyd AG operates global trade, shipping, inland services, and terminal assets globally. Hapag-Lloyd liner shipping, the largest contributor to group revenue and earnings, has the fifth-largest shipping capacity globally. Hapag also provides a range of services, including e-business solutions, inland services, and terminal operations.

Hanwha Ocean manufactures various types of commercial and specialty ships and operates offshore and onshore industrial plants. It is a shipbuilding and marine specialized company that builds various ships, offshore plants, drilling ships, floating oil production facilities, submarines, and destroyers. The company builds various types of ships, including carriers, containerships, submarines, and other vessels. The company's industrial plants focus on oil and gas exploration, chemical, seawater treatment, and power. It helps supply electricity, water, and other resources and utilizes differentiated technology to provide clean energy.

Nextpower (and its subsidiaries) is a leading provider of intelligent, integrated solar tracker and software solutions used in utility-scale and distributed generation solar projects around the world. Nextpower's products enable solar panels in utility-scale power plants to follow the sun’s movement across the sky and optimize plant performance. Nextpower has operations in the United States, Mexico, Spain and other countries in Europe, India, Australia, the Middle East, Africa, and Brazil.

China Merchants Energy Shipping Co Ltd is a China-based company that engages in tanker transportation, bulk cargo vessel transportation, and liquid natural gas (LNG) vessel transportation. It provides a full range of energy transportation services running a large diversity of vessels, including crude oil tankers, dry bulk carriers, and LNG carriers. It provides services to customers from China, Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia, the United States, and other countries.

Shanghai International Port (Group) Co Ltd is the world's largest container port in terms of throughput volume, and a major trans-shipment hub in China. It engages in handling port containers and bulk cargo along with other container-related services in the Yangtze River Delta. The gross profit in core port operation is approximately 72% in containers, 2% in bulk cargo, and 26% in port logistics and services. The Shanghai state-owned Asset Supervision and Administration Commission holds approximately a 44% stake in SIPG.

Founded in 2015, XPeng is a leading Chinese smart electric vehicle company that designs, develops, manufactures, and markets EVs in China. Its products primarily target the growing base of technology-savvy middle-class consumers in the midrange to high-end segment in China’s passenger vehicle market. The company sold over 190,000 EVs in 2024, accounting for about 2% of China’s passenger new energy vehicle market. It is also a leader in autonomous driving technology.

Evergreen Marine Corp (Taiwan) Ltd is mainly engaged in domestic and international marine transportation, shipping agency services, commercial port area ship repair services, and the distribution of containers. Along with its subsidiaries, it operates in the following reportable segments: Transportation Department, which derives maximum revenue, and Other Departments. Geographically, the group generates maximum revenue from Asia (excluding Taiwan), followed by Taiwan, America, Europe, and other regions.

Nio is a leading electric vehicle maker, targeting the premium segment. Founded in November 2014, Nio designs, develops, jointly manufactures, and sells premium smart electric vehicles. The company differentiates itself through continuous technological breakthroughs and innovations such as battery swapping and autonomous driving technologies. Nio launched its first model, its ES8 seven-seater electric SUV, in December 2017, and began deliveries in June 2018. Its current model portfolio includes midsize to large sedans and SUVs. It sold around 222,000 EVs in 2024, accounting for about 2% of the China passenger new energy vehicle market.

Samsung Heavy Industries Co Ltd is a South Korean-based shipbuilding and construction company. The company has two reportable segments: Shipbuilding Offshore and Energy Infrastructure Solution. The Shipbuilding Offshore segment derives revenue from LNG ships, container ships, FLNG and related products, serving mainly overseas ship owners. The Energy Infrastructure Solution segment is involved in civil engineering, architecture and related infrastructure products, with the majority of customers including construction companies. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Shipbuilding Offshore segment.

LONGi Green Energy Technology is one of the largest integrated solar company in the world. It produced 106 gigawatts of solar silicon wafers and 70 GW of solar modules in 2024. Solar silicon wafer and solar module contributed 10% and 80% of revenue in 2024, respectively. LONGi’s products are sold in more than 150 countries and regions.

Tata Motors Passenger Vehicles Ltd Formerly Tata Motors Ltd is an automobile manufacturing company. It designs, manufactures, and sells a wide range of automotive vehicles. The company also manufactures engines for industrial applications, aggregates such as axles and transmissions for commercial vehicles, and factory automation equipment, and provides information technology services. Its operating segments include Automotive and Others. The Automotive segment, which derives key revenue, consists of four reportable sub-segments: Tata Commercial Vehicles, Tata Passenger Vehicles, Jaguar Land Rover, and Vehicle Financing. Geographically, it generates maximum revenue from India, and the rest from the United States of America, United Kingdom, Rest of Europe, China, and the Rest of the World.

Tata Motors Ltd is an automobile manufacturer, offering a diverse portfolio of smarter, integrated and safer mobility solutions. It designs, manufactures and sells a wide range of automotive vehicles. The company also manufactures engines for industrial applications. Its operating segments consist of: a) Automotive: The Automotive segment consists of four reportable sub-segments: Tata Commercial Vehicles, Tata Passenger Vehicles, Jaguar Land Rover and Vehicle Financing. Other operating segments do not meet the quantitative thresholds for disclosure and have been aggregated. b) Others: Others consist of IT services and Insurance Broking services. The majority of revenue is generated from the Tata Commercial Vehicles sub-segment of the Automotive segment.

COSCO SHIPPING Energy Transportation Co Ltd engages in the shipping business. The firm's business covers oil shipping, which includes vessel chartering. The company operates through the following segments: Oil transportation, LNG shipping, LPG transportation, and Chemical transportation. The majority of the firm's revenue is dominated by the Oil transportation segment.

Nippon Yusen Kabushiki Kaisha is a Japan-based shipping and transportation company. The company operates through seven segments. The Automotive Business covers ocean-going cargo shipping and automobile logistics. Dry Bulk Cargo Business focuses on bulk cargo transport and ship chartering. Energy Business handles shipping and chartering related to energy transport. Liner & Logistics Business includes Air Transport, Liner Shipping with agency, container terminal, port, and tugboat operations, and Logistics covering warehousing, freight forwarding, and coastal freight. Other Business involves real estate leasing and sales, passenger ship services, machinery and equipment wholesale, transportation support, information processing, and petroleum product sales.

Ecopro BM Co Ltd is engaged in the development and production of secondary battery materials like precursors and cathode materials. Its products are used in electric vehicles, electric energy storage systems, uninterruptible power supply, smart grids, and ones for aerospace, medical and military purposes.

SITC International Holdings Co Ltd is a shipping company operating within Asia are principally engaged in the provision of integrated shipping logistics services, including the provision of container transportation, freight forwarding, shipping agency, depot, warehousing services, container vessel leasing, land leasing and other services. It has two reportable segments which are the container shipping and logistics segment, which is engaged in the provision of integrated logistics services, including the provision of container transportation, freight forwarding, shipping agency, depot and warehousing services. The dry bulk and others segment, which is engaged in the provision of dry bulk vessel leasing, land leasing and other services.

HMM is an integrated logistics and shipping company. It provides shipping services covering container, bulk, and specialized cargo, including reefer, oversized, and hazardous shipments. The company supports a wide range of industries through its extensive fleet, container service network, and integrated logistics facilities. Its operating segments include Bulk, Containers, and Others.

Orient Overseas (International) Ltd is engaged in container transport and logistics. Container transport and logistics include containerized shipping services in trade lanes, covering Trans-Pacific, Trans-Atlantic, Asia/Europe, Asia/Australia, and Intra-Asia trades, and integrated services over the management and control of effective storage and flow of goods. Revenue comprises gross freight income, charter hire, service, and other income from the operation of the container transport and logistics and rental income from the investment property. Its segments are Container transport and logistics and Others.

Adnoc Logistics & Services PLC provides fully integrated, end-to-end services to ADNOC Group companies and its extensive range of customers in the energy maritime industry. Its business is organized into various segments namely Integrated Logistics, Shipping, Services, and Others. The majority of the company's revenue is generated from the Integrated logistics segment.

Mitsui O.S.K. Lines Ltd is a Japanese transportation and logistics company. The company operates through seven segments. The Car Carrier/Ports & Logistics segment manages car carriers. The Container Ship segment operates containerships. The Dry Bulk segment handles bulk vessels, and the Energy segment operates tankers, LNG carriers, and marine businesses. The Ferry/Domestic RORO Ship/Cruise segment provides passenger and cargo transport and cruise services. The Real Estate segment covers leasing and building management. Related Business includes tugboat and trading operations, while Others covers ship operation, management, chartering, and finance.

Joby Aviation Inc is a transportation company developing an all-electric, vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) air taxi for commercial passenger service. Its Joby eVTOL aircraft is designed to transport a pilot and up to four passengers or an expected payload of up to 1,000 pounds at speeds of up to 200 mph. The aircraft is optimized for urban routes, with a target range of up to 100 miles on a single charge. The company is also developing an app-based platform to build and operate an aerial ridesharing service powered by a network of eVTOL aircraft that it will manufacture and operate. It has one operating and reportable segment, namely flight services. Currently, the company generates all of its revenue from flight services provided to the Department of Defense in the United States.

Ecopro Co Ltd is engaged in the battery materials business, mainly serving the lithium-ion battery industry. The company operates through two reportable segments: Battery Materials business and Other business. The Battery Materials business segment focuses on cathode materials, the core components used in lithium-ion batteries, and also covers precursors, lithium, and recycling activities related to the cathode materials business.

Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd is a defense public sector undertaking shipyard under the Ministry of Defence. The company is engaged in building and repairing ships, submarines, various types of vessels, and related engineering products for its customers. The company's activities are the construction of warships, ferries, tugs, dredgers, barges, submarines, merchant ships, etc., with facilities situated in Mumbai and Nhava. It also offers ship designing, ship repairs and refit, tug support, and other related services. The company is organized into two segments: Shipbuilding and Submarine (New Construction and Repairs) and others.

Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha Ltd is a Japan-based company engaged in the logistics business. The company operates its business through three segments. The Dry Bulk segment covers bulk cargo shipping. The Energy Resources segment includes liquefied natural gas transportation, oil tankers, offshore operations, and electric power businesses. The Product Logistics segment handles car carrier services, logistics, coastal and domestic shipping, and containership operations. The Others segment consists of ship management, travel agency, and real estate leasing and management businesses not included in the main reporting segments. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Product logistics segment.

Ningbo Zhoushan Port Co Ltd operates in the ports of Ningbo and Zhoushan, China. The Company handles containers, minerals, crude oil, liquid chemical products and other goods. The company also provides port leasing, ship agency and logistics services.

Enphase Energy is a global energy technology company. It delivers smart, easy-to-use solutions that manage solar generation, storage, and communication on one platform. The company's microinverter technology primarily serves the rooftop solar market and produces a fully integrated solar-plus-storage solution. Enphase derives a majority of revenue from the United States.

Tongwei is the world's largest polysilicon producer and a leading solar cell and module supplier. The solar business contributed more than 60% of revenue in 2024. In addition, Tongwei runs a feed and food business, which made up 35% of revenue in 2024.

MISC Bhd is a maritime logistics company domiciled in Malaysia. The company organizes itself into five segments; Gas Assets & Solutions segment includes the provision of liquefied natural gas (LNG) carrier services and non-conventional gas asset solutions, Petroleum & Product Shipping segment includes the provision of petroleum tanker and chemical tanker services, Offshore Business segment owns, lease, operation, and maintenance of offshore, floating, production, and offloading terminals, Marine & Heavy Engineering segment include marine repair, marine conversion, and engineering and construction works, and Others segment includes integrated marine services, port & terminal services, maritime education & training, and other diversified businesses.

Suzhou Maxwell Technologies Co Ltd is engaged in the design, research & development, production, and sales of intelligent manufacturing equipment. The company’s solar cell equipment portfolio includes HJT heterojunction high-efficiency production lines and automated screen printing lines adaptable to multiple cell processes. It also develops core equipment for display panels covering laser cutting, bonding, repair, and hybrid bonding, and provides semiconductor packaging solutions, particularly in pan-cutting processes.

National Shipping Company of Saudi Arabia engaged in purchasing, selling and operating vessels for the coordination of transport & storage on board vessels, transportation of cargo, cargo clearance, agencies for maritime shipping companies and all marine transport activities. The Group performs its operations through four segments which are Transportation of oil, Transportation of chemicals, Logistics and Transportation of dry bulk. The company earns maximum revenue from the Transportation of oil segment which is provider of crude oil transportation services.

Jinko Solar is the largest Chinese solar module manufacturer by global shipment in 2024. Jinko's products are distributed across nearly 200 countries and regions. The company operates a vertically integrated production process, spanning from solar wafer and cell manufacturing to module production. Jinko's N-type cell capacity is industry-leading in scale.

Qingdao Port International Co Ltd is a Chinese company that acts as an operator of the Port of Qingdao. It provides a range of port-related services including basic port services such as stevedoring and storage services, ancillary and extended services such as logistics and financing-related services. The company has six operating segments; container handling and ancillary services, metal ore, coal, and other cargo handling and ancillary services, liquid bulk handling and ancillary services, logistics and port value-added services, port ancillary services, and financial services. It derives a majority of its revenue from the logistics and port value-added services segment followed by metal ore, coal, and other cargo handling segment and liquid bulk handling and ancillary services segment.

China Merchants Port Holdings Co Ltd is a company that operates ports. It has a port network that is geographically diversified and stretches along China's coastline, with a growing presence in overseas ports. The company's segments include port operations, covering container, bulk, and general cargo terminal operations managed by the Group, associates, and joint ventures. Bonded logistics operations involve logistic park management and port transportation. Other activities include property development and investment, logistics operations by associates, and property investments by the Group, all supported by integral corporate functions.

Far East Smarter Energy Co Ltd operates as a wire and cable manufacturer in China. The company is mainly engaged in system development, design, manufacturing, marketing and service of four major types of cable products, such as overhead wires, power cables, wire and cable for electrical equipment, and special cables. Its products are widely used in smart power, smart transportation, intelligent energy intelligent construction and other fields.

China Merchants Port Group Co Ltd is engaged in port operations, ancillary port-related services, and bonded logistics operations. The operating segments of the company are; Port operations; Containers providing ship berthing, loading, and unloading services, and offer container storage services, and Bulk cargoes: the Company is engaged in bulk cargo handling and transportation in port zones and storage services in yards, The ancillary port-related services include smart port solutions, smart port technology operation, and other port information technology businesses, and Bonded logistics operations include services like a warehouse, yard leasing, loading and unloading in warehouses/yards, customs clearance and division or merger of cargoes at terminals.

Kirby Corp is a domestic tank barge operator, transporting bulk liquid products throughout three United States coasts. The Company transports petrochemicals, liquid cargoes, inland waterway systems, and dry bulk cargoes. The Company conducts operations in two reportable business segments: The Marine transportation segment which provides marine transportation services, operating tank barges and towing vessels transporting bulk liquid products, and the Distribution and services segment, which provides after-market service, and genuine replacement parts for engines, transmissions, reduction gears, and power generation equipment used in oil and gas and commercial and industrial applications. The company's majority revenue is generated from the Marine Transportation segment.