CFN Enterprises Valuation Multiples

Altria comprises Philip Morris USA, US Smokeless Tobacco, John Middleton, Horizon Innovations, and Helix Innovations. Through its tobacco subsidiaries, Altria maintains the leading position in cigarettes and smokeless tobacco in the United States and the number-two spot in machine-made cigars. The company's Marlboro brand is the leading cigarette brand in the US with 42% annual share in 2024. Beyond its core business, it holds an 8% interest in the world's largest brewer, Anheuser-Busch InBev and a 41% stake in cannabis manufacturer Cronos. It also acquired vaping company Njoy Holdings in 2023 and operates a joint venture with Japan Tobacco in the heated tobacco category for the US.

Publicis Groupe is a French communications group headquartered in Paris and listed on Euronext Paris. Marcel Bleustein-Blanchet founded it in 1926, and it has grown into one of the largest advertising and communications groups in the world. The group provides creative, media planning and buying, digital marketing, data and public relations services to corporate clients through networks such as Publicis, Saatchi & Saatchi, Leo Burnett, Zenith, Starcom and Performics. It operates in more than 100 countries and employs over 100,000 people. In the Czech Republic it ran its agencies through a holding co-owned with local co-founder Martin Stepanek from 1995 until it took full control of that holding in 2016. Revenue comes from fees and commissions on client campaigns and media spend.

Aristocrat Leisure is an electronic gaming machine manufacturer that sells machines to pubs, clubs, and casinos. The firm is licensed in all Australian states and territories, North American jurisdictions, and essentially every major country. Aristocrat is one of the top three largest players in the space along with International Game Technology and Light & Wonder. The company also develops and distributes mobile games, principally in the social casino niche. The more nascent iGaming business sits between these two businesses, providing digital content and capabilities to real-money gaming providers.

Constellation Brands is the largest provider of alcoholic beverages across the beer, wine, and spirits categories in the US, generating more than 90% of revenue from Mexican beer imports under top-selling brands such as Modelo and Corona. The rest of the business includes some remaining wine and spirits brands, categories where the company has pruned assets in recent years. With its exclusive rights tied to the Mexican beer brands effective only in the US, the firm has limited revenue exposure to international markets. Constellation owns a 10% stake in Canopy Growth, a medicinal and recreational cannabis producer in Canada, and has a 50/50 joint venture with glass manufacturer Owens-Illinois in Mexico.

Omnicom is a holding company that owns several advertising agencies and related firms. It provides traditional and digital advertising services that include creative design, market research, data analytics, ad placement, and public relations. The firm operates globally, providing services in more than 70 countries; it generates more than one half of its revenue in North America and nearly 30% in Europe.

Evolution AB develops, produces, markets, and licenses fully integrated live casino and slots solutions to gaming operators. In live casino, a game presenter (dealer) runs the game from a casino table, which is followed in real time via a video stream, while players place bets on devices such as computers, smartphones, and tablets. Its games include Live Casino, Slots, Game Shows, First Person, Live Blackjack, Live Roulette, Live Baccarat, Super Sic Bo & Dragon Tiger, Live Poker, and Land-Based games. The Company innovates, develops, and produces online casino content on a B2B basis and generates maximum revenue from Europe, followed by North America and other regions.

In 2016, Irish company Paddy Power merged with UK firm Betfair to form online gaming operator Flutter Entertainment. Today, Flutter has the top digital revenue share in the US, UK and Ireland, Australia, Italy, and many other countries. Some of its leading brands are FanDuel in the US, Sky Betting & Gaming and Paddy Power in the UK and Ireland, Sportsbet (acquired by Paddy Power beginning in 2009) in Australia, and Sisal in Italy. As of Dec. 31, 2024, the company offered products in over 100 countries and had 13.9 million average monthly users. In 2024, sports betting was 56% of revenue, online gaming 40%, and fantasy sports, horse racing, and other 4%. The company is scheduled to launch a predictive sports betting platform in late 2025.

Focus Media Information Technology Co Ltd is an advertising company. The company's main business is the development and operation of Life Circle media. Its main products are building media (including elevator TV media and elevator poster media) and cinema screen advertising media, etc., covering the work scenes, life scenes, entertainment scenes, and consumption scenes of the mainstream urban consumer groups, and integrating into a life circle media network.

OPAP Holding SA, formerly known as Greek Organisation of Football Prognostics SA, is a gambling company that operates lotteries and sports betting, including horse races. The company is the exclusive gambling provider in Greece. The firm is organized into segments based on the type of game: Lotteries, Betting, Online betting, other online games, instant and passive, Vlts, Telecom and emoney services and others. The gaming services are provided either online or through physical retailers. The company generates the vast majority of its revenue in Greece.

DraftKings got its start in 2012 as an innovator in daily fantasy sports. Then, following a Supreme Court ruling in 2018 that allowed states to legalize online sports wagering, the company expanded into online sports and casino gambling, where it generally holds the number-two or -three revenue share position across states where it competes. DraftKings is now live with online or retail sports betting in 28 states and i-gaming in 5 states, with both products available to around 40% of Canada's population. In 2024, sports revenue was 61% of total sales, i-gaming 32%, and fantasy and lottery 7%. The company plans to launch a predictive event platform in late 2025 and also operates a non-fungible token commission-based marketplace and develops and licenses online gaming products.

The Lottery Corporation is Australia's largest provider of lottery, keno, and instant-scratch products, with long-dated and/or exclusive licenses for the lottery in all Australian states and territories except Western Australia, and in most states and territories for keno. Lottery Corp has a distribution network of more than 3,800 franchised retailers that sell instant-scratch and lottery products through vendors such as newsstands, gas stations, pharmacies, and convenience stores, as well as online sales. Keno is sold in over 3,400 bars and clubs.

BlueFocus Communication Group Co Ltd provides marketing and brand management services in China and internationally. It offers marketing and brand management services across various disciplines, including strategy, digital, advertising, media, social, PR, design, branding, CRM, data, e-commerce, and mobile solutions to various multinational companies and Chinese enterprises, such as IT, automobile, consumer goods, real estate, finance, and entertainment industries.

Dentsu Group is the top advertising agency in Japan and the fifth-largest advertising network in the world. It is the oldest advertising agency in Japan, with the original company being established in 1901. Over the years, Dentsu expanded its global footprint through mergers and acquisitions. Currently, international sales account for about 60% of total revenue.

Lottomatica Group is an Italian holding company at the head of a group active in licensed public gaming under concessions from the Customs and Monopolies Agency. Through its subsidiaries it runs sports betting, online games, amusement machines (AWP and VLT), directly managed gaming halls and a franchise network of retail points of sale. The group was formed as Gamenet Group, was taken private by funds managed by Apollo Global Management in 2020, bought the Italian business of International Game Technology's Lottomatica brand in May 2021 and was renamed Lottomatica. It has been listed on Euronext Milan since May 2023 and joined the FTSE MIB index in September 2025, after Apollo sold its remaining stake in June 2025. It reported EBITDA of EUR 856 million in 2025 and employs about 2,600 people directly, with some 17,500 more in its franchise network. Its headquarters are in Rome. In September 2026 it agreed an all-share combination with the Spanish gaming company Cirsa.

Light & Wonder is principally an electronic gaming machine manufacturer, selling machines to pubs, clubs, and casinos. The firm is licensed in most jurisdictions allowing gambling globally. Light & Wonder is one of the three largest players in the space along with International Game Technology and Aristocrat Leisure. SciPlay, about one fourth of revenue, develops and distributes casual mobile games, principally in the social casino niche. The more nascent iGaming business sits between these two businesses, providing digital content and capabilities to real-money gaming providers.

JCDecaux SE is an outdoor advertising company. The company focuses on three main business areas namely Street Furniture, Transport advertising, and Billboard advertising. Street furniture advertising relates to bus stop advertising, newspaper kiosks, public benches, and free-standing panels. Transport which focuses on advertising in land transport networks and airports and Billboard Advertising which concerns the marketing of billboards, neon-light billboards, and advertising wraps. The company generates the majority of its revenue from the Street Furniture segment in the form of Advertising. The company has a geographical presence in Europe, Asia-Pacific, France, the Rest of the world, the United kingdom, and North America.

Headquartered in the United Kingdom, WPP is the world’s largest ad holding company based on annual revenue. Its services, which include traditional and digital advertising, public relations, and consulting, are provided worldwide, with over 70% of its revenue coming from more developed regions such as North America, the UK, and Western Europe. WPP is the largest media buying entity in the world.

Churchill Downs Inc is a gaming entertainment, online wagering, and racing company. It operates through three business segments: Live and Historical Racing, Wagering Services, and Gaming. The Live and Historical Racing segment includes live and historical pari-mutuel racing. The Wagering Services segment includes the revenue and expenses from pari-mutuel wagers through TwinSpires, companies retail and online sports betting business and Gaming segment includes revenue and expenses for the casino properties and associated racetracks that support the casino license. The Gaming segment generates revenue and expenses from slot machines, video lottery terminals, video poker, HRMs, ancillary food and beverage services, hotel services, commission on pari-mutuel wagering, and racing events.

Super Group (SGHC) Ltd is a holding company that operates online sports betting and gaming businesses. The company's reportable segments are Betway, Spin, and Other. A majority of its revenue is generated from the Betway segment, which is a single-brand online sports betting and casino offering with licenses to operate throughout Europe, the Americas, and Africa. Spin is the company's multi-brand online casino offering, having a diverse portfolio of casino brands such as Jackpot City, Spin Casino, Dream Bingo, Mirror Bingo, etc., designed to be culturally relevant globally while aiming to offer a wide range of casino products. Geographically, the company generates maximum revenue from Africa and Middle East, followed by North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and South/Latin America.

Outfront Media Inc is a real estate investment trust involved in the ownership of advertising space on its portfolio of billboards and transit displays. The Company generates revenue in the form of rental income by allowing other companies to advertise on its properties and structures under short-term contracts. Outfront Media segments its operations into the United States and International units. Although it also owns assets in Canada and Latin America, the company derives the vast majority of its revenue from billboard advertising agreements in the U.S. Roughly half of the U.S. division's revenue comes from its displays in the New York City and Los Angeles markets. Outfront Media's customers include entities within the retail, television, healthcare, and entertainment industries.

FDJ United is engaged in lottery, sports betting, and online gaming activities. Its offerings include draw and instant lottery games, as well as sports betting services across retail and digital channels. The group operates mainly in France and has expanded internationally through online gaming and betting activities, along with ancillary payment and collection services.

Sega Sammy Holdings was established as a holding company in 2004, when video game developer Sega and pachislot and pachinko vendor Sammy were merged. The company generates the majority of its sales revenue from entertainment content and the pachislot and pachinko machine business, which contributed 75% and 23% of total revenue in fiscal 2024, respectively. It also operates gaming-related businesses on a limited scale, contributing 2% of revenue in fiscal 2024.

CyberAgent is a prominent Japanese media company founded in 1998. Its core businesses include internet advertising, online broadcasting platforms, and gaming.

Entain is an international sports betting and gambling group, formally Entain plc and formerly GVC Holdings, listed on the London Stock Exchange (LON:ENT) and a constituent of the FTSE 250. It was incorporated in Luxembourg in 2004 as Gaming VC Holdings by a group of American investors led by Steve Barlow, to acquire the German-language online casino Casino-Club. It re-registered in the Isle of Man as GVC Holdings in 2010 and is headquartered in Douglas. It grew through acquisitions: Sportingbet in 2012 with William Hill, Bwin.Party Digital Entertainment in 2016 for £1.1 billion, and Ladbrokes Coral, agreed in December 2017 for up to £4 billion. It later bought the Australian bookmaker Neds and the bingo platform Cozy Games. Its brands include Ladbrokes, Coral, bwin, Sportingbet, PartyPoker, Party Casino and Foxy Bingo. In the United States it owns half of BetMGM, formed with MGM Resorts in 2018. Entain reported revenue of £5,325.4 million and operating income of £861.2 million in 2025 and employs about 30,000 people. It is chaired by Pierre Bouchut, with Stella David as chief executive. Revenue comes from betting and gaming margins online and in retail shops.

Sportradar is a Swiss sports technology company headquartered in St. Gallen that supplies sports data, content and related services to bookmakers, media companies and sports organizations. Through its Betradar brand it provides bookmakers with sports data, odds suggestions, managed trading services and streaming, and it also sells integrity services that monitor betting markets for match-fixing, audiovisual distribution, OTT streaming and digital advertising services. Its partners include the NFL, NBA, NHL, NASCAR and the International Tennis Federation, and its customers include hundreds of bookmakers and state lotteries such as Veikkaus, Svenska Spel and Norsk Tipping. It earns subscription and revenue-share income, and reported revenue of 1.29 billion euros and net income of 100 million euros for 2025, with about 3,900 employees in 29 offices across 20 countries. The business began in 2001 in Trondheim, Norway, as Market Monitor AS, founded by Petter Fornæss and Tore Steinkjer to extract betting odds from online bookmakers, with Carsten Koerl, now group chief executive, buying 51%. EQT invested in 2012, and Michael Jordan and Mark Cuban came in through a Revolution-led investment in 2015. Sportradar listed on Nasdaq (SRAD) on 14 September 2021 at a valuation of about $8 billion.

Hakuhodo is the second-largest advertising agency in Japan, and one of the oldest advertising agencies, founded in 1895. Over the years, Hakuhodo has acquired many international companies, and overseas revenue currently accounts for 15% of total sales.

Scotts Miracle-Gro is the largest purveyor of home lawn and gardening products in the US. The company sells a broad range of lawncare products, including grass seed, fertilizer, and lawn-related weed, animal, and disease control. US consumer typically generates the vast majority of companywide revenue and profits. Its lawncare and gardening products are well-recognized brands in the US, including Scotts, Miracle-Gro, Roundup, Ortho, and Tomcat.

Strive Inc is a structured finance company and institutional asset manager focused on disciplined capital allocation and long term value creation. The company has adopted bitcoin as its hurdle rate for capital deployment because of its fiduciary duty to maximize long-term value for stockholders, and compounding purchasing power over time. It operates in two reportable operating segments: the Asset Management segment, which provides investment advisory services and the Corporate & Other segment, which includes the company's bitcoin treasury operations. The majority of the revenue is derived from the Asset Management segment.

Stroeer SE & Co KGaA is a Germany-based holding company focused on promotional media services outside of the home. It operates in three main business segments, Out of Home (OOH) Media which generates key revenue, Digital & Dialog Media, and DaaS & E-commerce. The OOH Media segment encompasses the Group's entire OOH advertising business, comprising the Classic OOH, Digital OOH, and OOH services product groups. Digital & Dialog Media segment provides solutions for online advertising in the context of proprietary and third-party content. The scalable products marketed on this basis range from branding and storytelling to performance, native advertising, and social media. Geographically, it generates the majority of its revenue from Germany.

Ballys Intralot SA is a iGaming operator and a world-wide provider of lottery solutions. The company enables operators to modernize their retail and digital offerings, deliver personalized and responsible player experiences, and operate with greater agility and efficiency in an increasingly converging gaming ecosystem. Its products and services include: B2C operations, Gambling Solutions, Betting Solutions, Lottery Solution and Digital Transformation.

Founded in 2008 as a media content platform, Autohome is the leading online automobile platform in China, ranking first among automotive service platforms in terms of mobile daily active users, according to QuestMobile. Through its two websites, autohome.com.cn and che168.com, Autohome delivers comprehensive, independent, and interactive content and tools to automobile consumers as well as a full suite of services to automakers and dealers. According to iResearch, the company was the largest online automotive advertising and lead-generation service provider in China's online auto platform media advertising market, in terms of media services and lead-generation revenue.

Stagwell Inc is the challenger holding company built to transform marketing. It delivers scaled creative performance for the world's ambitious brands, connecting culture-moving creativity with a technology to harmonize the art and science of marketing. The company's segments include Integrated Agencies Network; Brand Performance Network; and Communications Network. It generates maximum revenue from the Integrated Agencies Network segment. Geographically, it derives a majority of its revenue from the United States.

Rush Street Interactive Inc is an online gaming and entertainment company that focuses on online casinos and online sports betting in the U.S. and Latin American markets. It provides customers with an array of gaming offerings such as real-money online casinos, online sports betting, and retail sports betting, as well as social gaming, which involves free-to-play games that use virtual credits that can be earned or purchased. The company generates revenue by offering online casinos, online sports betting, and social gaming directly to the end customer through its websites or apps. The company generates revenue through business-to-consumer (B2C) and business-to-business (B2B) models.

Curaleaf is headquartered in Wakefield, Massachusetts, and cultivates and sells medicinal and recreational cannabis in the US. The company has operations in 17 states. Its brands include Curaleaf, Select, and Grassroots. The company has made acquisitions that give it exposure to the growing European market, a unique feature among US multistate operators.

Trulieve Cannabis Corp is a vertically integrated cannabis company that grows, produces, and sells cannabis products. It has licenses to operate in Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia, where it sells medical cannabis products. In addition, the company sells cannabis products for adult use in Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Maryland, and Ohio. The firm's operations are substantially located in Florida and, to a lesser extent, in Arizona and Pennsylvania.

Havas NV is a communications group providing integrated advertising, media, and healthcare-focused communication services. Its has three business lines: (i) Havas Creative, which delivers creative services, from advertising, brand strategy and business transformation to digital and social media solutions as well as public relations and events; (ii) Havas Media, which is dedicated to delivering comprehensive media experiences, through media planning and buying, fan engagement, retail media and e-commerce, as well as data analytics services to optimize client advertising investments; and (iii) Havas Health, which focuses on healthcare and wellness communications, providing specialized marketing services to pharmaceutical companies. The majority of revenue is derived from Havas Creative.

Genius Sports Ltd is a B2B provider of scalable, technology-led products and services to the sports, sports betting, and sports media industries. Its services are organized into three key product areas including Sports Technology and Services; Betting Technology, Content and Services; and Media Technology, Content and Services. All of its products are powered by proprietary technology and robust data infrastructure. It generates maximum revenue from the Betting Technology, Content and Services division. Geographically, the company derives a majority of its revenue from Europe.

4imprint Group PLC is engaged in the sale and distribution of promotional products. The company operates in two geographical segments; North America and the United Kingdom and Ireland, Out of which a majority of its revenue is derived from the North American segment. Its products comprise apparel, stationery, technology, and food products among others. The company's plan of action involves achieving organic growth. This implies the use of data-driven, offline, and online direct marketing techniques thereby capturing large and fragmented promotional product markets.

Guangdong Advertising Group Co Ltd is a advertising and marketing company. It provides professional marketing services.

Zhewen Interactive Group Co Ltd is engaged in digital marketing, with technology and data driving traffic operations, and digging into the value of traffic. It provides corporate marketing planning, corporate image planning, exhibition and display services; design, production, agency, and advertising.

CHEIL Worldwide Inc is a Korean-based advertising and media firm. The company mainly provides strategic, creative, experimental, digital and creative solutions. Its services involve brand activation and retail marketing. It also provides its clients around the world with integrated marketing solutions.

Hunan TV & Broadcast Intermediary Co Ltd operates in the advertising industry.

Tabcorp is essentially a pure-play Australian wagering operator, with exclusive rights to physical wagering at venues (pubs, clubs, and racecourses) and also a digital offering. Tabcorp operates through principally through two segments: wagering and media and gaming services. The firm conducts wagering activities under the TAB brand both online and physically in every Australian state and territory other than Western Australia, reaching 90% of the population through a network of retail venues. In addition, Integrity Services provides services to electronic gaming machine venues.

Playtech PLC specializes in gambling software for various online gambling networks that include online casinos, online bingo, mobile gaming, and online sports betting. The company's open platform software allows customers to build and market casino games that include blackjack, baccarat, slots, and roulette. The company's business segments are gaming B2B and B2C - Snaitech, B2C - Sun Bingo and Other B2C, and B2C - HAPPYBET. The company generates majority of its revenue from B2B segment. It generates majority of revenue from Italy.

Green Thumb Industries is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, and produces and sells medicinal and recreational cannabis through wholesale and retail channels in the United States. It has a presence in 14 states and operates more than 100 cannabis stores under the brand Rise. GTI is focusing its expansion on limited license states with large populations, and it does not currently export into the global medical market due to US federal prohibition. It offers multiple products under a portfolio of cannabis consumer packaged goods brands, including &Shine, Beboe, Dogwalkers, Doctor Solomon’s, Good Green, incredibles, and RYTHM.

Heiwa Holdings Inc operates as a holding company. Along with its subsidiary, it is engaged in the Golf business and Gaming machine business.

Betsson AB is a holding company that invests in and manages companies operating in the online gaming industry. The products consist of casino, which generates maximum revenue, sportsbook, and other products. The main category of the casino is slots, or virtual slot machines, followed by the live casino, which provides the player with a virtual, real-life-like casino experience with table games broadcast live from the game provider's studio. Company's brands include either the entire product portfolio, such as Betsson, Betsafe, and Nordicbet, or just one product, such as Racebets (betting on horses) and Jalla Casino (casino). The brands' services are offered through the proprietary platform that manages payments, customer information, accounts, transactions and a range of games on offer.

Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings Inc is a provider of out-of-home advertising solutions. The company offers advertisers an opportunity to reach mass audiences across various high-traffic public spaces, by using its diverse portfolio of assets including roadside billboards, street furniture, and airport displays. Its reportable segments are; America (U.S. operations excluding airports), Airports (U.S. and Caribbean airport operations), and Other. A majority of its revenue is generated from the America segment which generates revenue from the sale of advertising on printed and digital out-of-home advertising displays such as bulletins, posters, street furniture, and others. Geographically, the company generates maximum revenue from the United States followed by Singapore.