Global Traffic Network Valuation Multiples

Comcast is made up of three parts. The core cable business owns networks capable of providing television, internet access, and phone services to 65 million US homes and businesses, or nearly half of the country. The firm provides services to about 47% of the locations in this territory. Comcast acquired NBCUniversal from General Electric in 2011. Following the spinoff of several cable networks, including CNBC, MSNBC, and USA, NBCU now consists of the NBC network, several local NBC affiliates, Bravo, the Peacock streaming platform, Universal Studios, and several theme parks. Finally, Sky, acquired in 2018, is a large television provider in the UK and Italy.

Publicis Groupe is a French communications group headquartered in Paris and listed on Euronext Paris. Marcel Bleustein-Blanchet founded it in 1926, and it has grown into one of the largest advertising and communications groups in the world. The group provides creative, media planning and buying, digital marketing, data and public relations services to corporate clients through networks such as Publicis, Saatchi & Saatchi, Leo Burnett, Zenith, Starcom and Performics. It operates in more than 100 countries and employs over 100,000 people. In the Czech Republic it ran its agencies through a holding co-owned with local co-founder Martin Stepanek from 1995 until it took full control of that holding in 2016. Revenue comes from fees and commissions on client campaigns and media spend.

Liberty Media is an American media and motorsport holding company headquartered in Englewood, Colorado, whose shares trade on Nasdaq as Formula One Group tracking stocks. Its main assets are Formula One, which it acquired in January 2017, and MotoGP organiser Dorna Sports, in which it took an 84% stake in July 2025. Both series earn revenue from race promotion fees paid by circuit hosts, media rights sold to broadcasters and streamers, and sponsorship, hospitality and licensing. In 2025 Formula One revenue rose 14% to $3.9 billion with operating income of $632 million, and MotoGP revenue rose 14% to $573 million. The original Liberty Media was spun off from Tele-Communications Inc. in 1991 under John Malone, who is now chairman emeritus; Robert Bennett is chairman and Derek Chang chief executive. The group has repeatedly reshaped itself through tracking stocks and spin-offs, splitting off the Atlanta Braves in 2023, combining its SiriusXM interest into a separate listed company in September 2024 and separating Liberty Live, holder of its Live Nation stake, in December 2025.

Omnicom is a holding company that owns several advertising agencies and related firms. It provides traditional and digital advertising services that include creative design, market research, data analytics, ad placement, and public relations. The firm operates globally, providing services in more than 70 countries; it generates more than one half of its revenue in North America and nearly 30% in Europe.

Unity Software is a San Francisco technology company founded in 2004 that provides a real-time three-dimensional content development platform. Game studios, film producers, automotive teams, architects and other creators use its engine, editor and cloud services to build and operate interactive experiences. Its software supports deployment across mobile devices, computers, consoles, virtual-reality hardware and other endpoints. Unity earns revenue from software subscriptions, cloud and advertising services, and usage-linked platform products.

Focus Media Information Technology Co Ltd is an advertising company. The company's main business is the development and operation of Life Circle media. Its main products are building media (including elevator TV media and elevator poster media) and cinema screen advertising media, etc., covering the work scenes, life scenes, entertainment scenes, and consumption scenes of the mainstream urban consumer groups, and integrating into a life circle media network.

BlueFocus Communication Group Co Ltd provides marketing and brand management services in China and internationally. It offers marketing and brand management services across various disciplines, including strategy, digital, advertising, media, social, PR, design, branding, CRM, data, e-commerce, and mobile solutions to various multinational companies and Chinese enterprises, such as IT, automobile, consumer goods, real estate, finance, and entertainment industries.

Dentsu Group is the top advertising agency in Japan and the fifth-largest advertising network in the world. It is the oldest advertising agency in Japan, with the original company being established in 1901. Over the years, Dentsu expanded its global footprint through mergers and acquisitions. Currently, international sales account for about 60% of total revenue.

Amdocs Ltd is a provider of software and services to communications, entertainment, and media service providers. The Company operates in a single segment and designs, develops, markets, supports, implements, and operates open and modular cloud offerings. Its portfolio includes solutions across digital business systems and legacy business and operational support systems, supporting multiple lines of business such as wireless, broadband, cable, fiber, satellite, and digital services. The Company leverages artificial intelligence to support digital transformation, cloud adoption, and intelligent network automation. Geographically, it derives a majority of its revenue from North America and also operates in Europe and the rest of the world.

JCDecaux SE is an outdoor advertising company. The company focuses on three main business areas namely Street Furniture, Transport advertising, and Billboard advertising. Street furniture advertising relates to bus stop advertising, newspaper kiosks, public benches, and free-standing panels. Transport which focuses on advertising in land transport networks and airports and Billboard Advertising which concerns the marketing of billboards, neon-light billboards, and advertising wraps. The company generates the majority of its revenue from the Street Furniture segment in the form of Advertising. The company has a geographical presence in Europe, Asia-Pacific, France, the Rest of the world, the United kingdom, and North America.

Headquartered in the United Kingdom, WPP is the world’s largest ad holding company based on annual revenue. Its services, which include traditional and digital advertising, public relations, and consulting, are provided worldwide, with over 70% of its revenue coming from more developed regions such as North America, the UK, and Western Europe. WPP is the largest media buying entity in the world.

Outfront Media Inc is a real estate investment trust involved in the ownership of advertising space on its portfolio of billboards and transit displays. The Company generates revenue in the form of rental income by allowing other companies to advertise on its properties and structures under short-term contracts. Outfront Media segments its operations into the United States and International units. Although it also owns assets in Canada and Latin America, the company derives the vast majority of its revenue from billboard advertising agreements in the U.S. Roughly half of the U.S. division's revenue comes from its displays in the New York City and Los Angeles markets. Outfront Media's customers include entities within the retail, television, healthcare, and entertainment industries.

Tata Communications Ltd is the primary provider of international and national voice and data transmission long-distance services, internet dial-up and broadband services and other value-added services. The company’s reportable segments are Voice Solutions (VS), Data and Managed Services (DMS) and Real Estate (RE). It generates maximum revenue from Data and Managed Services (DMS) segment.

CyberAgent is a prominent Japanese media company founded in 1998. Its core businesses include internet advertising, online broadcasting platforms, and gaming.

Oriental Pearl Group Co Ltd operates a media integration and distribution platform in China. The various business units of the company comprise Channel Products Operation, Video Shopping, and E-Commerce, Culture and Entertainment Themed Tourism, Mobile Transmissions and Video Games among others.

Kadokawa Corp is a Japan based publisher and digital content platform provider. It is involved in various businesses such as publishing, film, publishing rights, digital contents, planning, development and operation of network entertainment service, and contents and operation of video- sharing website.

Magnite is a supply-side advertising platform that provides technology and yield management solutions to content publishers, enabling them to monetize their digital advertising inventory. Magnite receives a percentage of all advertising inventory that it sells. 43% of Magnite’s revenue is derived from connected television, or CTV, streaming platforms, 40% from mobile applications, and the remainder from general websites. Beyond the typical monetization responsibilities inherent to an SSP, Magnite also provides upstream advertising servers to CTV publishers, allowing them to have granular control over direct-sold, programmatic guaranteed, and open-auction logic. Magnite competes with other independent SSPs, supply path optimization solutions, and closed ecosystems like Meta.

Hakuhodo is the second-largest advertising agency in Japan, and one of the oldest advertising agencies, founded in 1895. Over the years, Hakuhodo has acquired many international companies, and overseas revenue currently accounts for 15% of total sales.

China Literature Ltd is an investment holding company. The company along with its subsidiaries provides online reading services, copyright commercialization, writer cultivation and brokerage, and operation of text work reading. It generates its revenue from Online reading through self-owned platform products. it operates in two segments: Online business and Intellectual property operations and others. The Online business segment that derives the majority of revenue comprises online paid reading, online advertising, and game publishing. The Intellectual property operations and other segment include licensing and distribution of film and television properties, copyrights licensing, sales of adaptation rights and scripts, sales of physical books, and in-house online games operations.

Cyfrowy Polsat SA operates in Poland as a provider of a paid digital satellite platform under the name of ‘Polsat Box’ and paid digital terrestrial television as well as the telecommunication services provider. The group operates in the following four segments that includes B2C and B2B services segment which relate to the provision of services to the general public, including digital television transmission signal, mobile services, internet access services, mobile TV services, online TV services, and set-top box production, Media segment consists mainly of production, acquisition, and broadcasting of information and entertainment programs, and TV series. Real Estate segment consists construction, sale, rental, and management of own or leased real estate and Green energy segment.

Zhejiang Huace Film & TV Co Ltd operates as a film and television production company. It focuses on the creation of TV dramas, films, and various kinds of fine arts.

Strive Inc is a structured finance company and institutional asset manager focused on disciplined capital allocation and long term value creation. The company has adopted bitcoin as its hurdle rate for capital deployment because of its fiduciary duty to maximize long-term value for stockholders, and compounding purchasing power over time. It operates in two reportable operating segments: the Asset Management segment, which provides investment advisory services and the Corporate & Other segment, which includes the company's bitcoin treasury operations. The majority of the revenue is derived from the Asset Management segment.

Stroeer SE & Co KGaA is a Germany-based holding company focused on promotional media services outside of the home. It operates in three main business segments, Out of Home (OOH) Media which generates key revenue, Digital & Dialog Media, and DaaS & E-commerce. The OOH Media segment encompasses the Group's entire OOH advertising business, comprising the Classic OOH, Digital OOH, and OOH services product groups. Digital & Dialog Media segment provides solutions for online advertising in the context of proprietary and third-party content. The scalable products marketed on this basis range from branding and storytelling to performance, native advertising, and social media. Geographically, it generates the majority of its revenue from Germany.

Founded in 2008 as a media content platform, Autohome is the leading online automobile platform in China, ranking first among automotive service platforms in terms of mobile daily active users, according to QuestMobile. Through its two websites, autohome.com.cn and che168.com, Autohome delivers comprehensive, independent, and interactive content and tools to automobile consumers as well as a full suite of services to automakers and dealers. According to iResearch, the company was the largest online automotive advertising and lead-generation service provider in China's online auto platform media advertising market, in terms of media services and lead-generation revenue.

Adeia Inc is a consumer and entertainment product/solutions licensing company. Its only operating segment being Intellectual Property (IP) Licensing. In the IP segment, the company licenses innovations to companies in the broader entertainment industry, and those developing new technologies that will help drive this industry forward. It includes Pay-TV, Consumer Electronics, Connected Car, and Media Platform.

Stagwell Inc is the challenger holding company built to transform marketing. It delivers scaled creative performance for the world's ambitious brands, connecting culture-moving creativity with a technology to harmonize the art and science of marketing. The company's segments include Integrated Agencies Network; Brand Performance Network; and Communications Network. It generates maximum revenue from the Integrated Agencies Network segment. Geographically, it derives a majority of its revenue from the United States.

Wasu Media Holding Co Ltd is a China-based company, engages in the Internet, media, and cable television industry services. It offers interactive TV, mobile TV, Internet TV and Internet audio-visual content, technical services, and operations. It also offers cable television, digital television network, digital communications, advertising, and media information services. The company operates throughout China.

Havas NV is a communications group providing integrated advertising, media, and healthcare-focused communication services. Its has three business lines: (i) Havas Creative, which delivers creative services, from advertising, brand strategy and business transformation to digital and social media solutions as well as public relations and events; (ii) Havas Media, which is dedicated to delivering comprehensive media experiences, through media planning and buying, fan engagement, retail media and e-commerce, as well as data analytics services to optimize client advertising investments; and (iii) Havas Health, which focuses on healthcare and wellness communications, providing specialized marketing services to pharmaceutical companies. The majority of revenue is derived from Havas Creative.

Vivendi SE is an integrated content, media, and communications group. The company has established itself as a key player in content, media, and entertainment by developing a portfolio of listed and unlisted assets, each a leader in its market. It is present in the video game sector with Gameloft, and also holds a certain percentage of stakes in other companies such as Universal Music Group, Banijay, TIM, MediaForEurope, Telefonica, and Prisca. Its business segments include Gameloft, which derives maximum revenue, and Share of UMG, Corporate, and Other. Geographically, the group generates maximum revenue from North America, followed by EMEA (Europe, the Middle East, Africa), Asia Pacific, and Latin America.

Guangdong Advertising Group Co Ltd is a advertising and marketing company. It provides professional marketing services.

4imprint Group PLC is engaged in the sale and distribution of promotional products. The company operates in two geographical segments; North America and the United Kingdom and Ireland, Out of which a majority of its revenue is derived from the North American segment. Its products comprise apparel, stationery, technology, and food products among others. The company's plan of action involves achieving organic growth. This implies the use of data-driven, offline, and online direct marketing techniques thereby capturing large and fragmented promotional product markets.

Damai Entertainment Holdings Ltd is an integrated platform with content and technology as the core, covering content production, promotion and distribution, IP merchandising, licensing and commercial management, cinema and entertainment event ticketing management, and internet data services for the entertainment industry. Its segments are Live entertainment content and technology business, IP merchandizing, Film content and technology business, Drama series production. Majority of revenue comes from Live entertainment content and technology business which engaged in the full life cycle of live performances from the venue operations to the organization, investment, the production and promotion of the performance contents, performance ticketing, on-site services, ticketing system, etc.

Zhewen Interactive Group Co Ltd is engaged in digital marketing, with technology and data driving traffic operations, and digging into the value of traffic. It provides corporate marketing planning, corporate image planning, exhibition and display services; design, production, agency, and advertising.

CHEIL Worldwide Inc is a Korean-based advertising and media firm. The company mainly provides strategic, creative, experimental, digital and creative solutions. Its services involve brand activation and retail marketing. It also provides its clients around the world with integrated marketing solutions.

Hunan TV & Broadcast Intermediary Co Ltd operates in the advertising industry.

Modern Times Group (MTG) is a Swedish gaming group headquartered in Stockholm that owns and operates mobile and PC game studios, with A and B shares listed on Nasdaq Stockholm. Its studios include Plarium, maker of RAID: Shadow Legends, PlaySimple, a word- and casual-games developer acquired in 2021, InnoGames, Hutch, Ninja Kiwi (acquired 2021, known for Bloons TD), Snowprint and Futureplay. Most games are free to play, so revenue comes from in-app purchases and in-game advertising. MTG traces its origins to TV3, which Kinnevik launched in Sweden on New Year's Eve 1987 as Scandinavia's first commercial channel; its media assets were distributed to Kinnevik shareholders and listed in 1997. The group spun off its Nordic broadcasting and streaming arm as Nordic Entertainment Group (now Viaplay Group) in 2019 and sold esports operator ESL to Saudi Arabia's Savvy Gaming Group in 2022. In November 2024 it agreed to buy Plarium from Aristocrat Leisure for $620 million. In 2025 it reported record net sales of SEK 11,579 million and adjusted EBITDA of SEK 2,648 million, with 9% organic growth. Maria Redin is president and CEO.

Amagi Media Labs Ltd is engaged in the business of providing media technologies and related services. The company is a software-as-a-service (SaaS) provider that offers a cloud-native platform for media companies to distribute digital content to end users. The platform enables content providers and distributors to upload and deliver video over the internet through smart televisions, smartphones, and applications, rather than through traditional cable or set-top box services. The company also helps monetize such content through targeted advertising services for advertisers. The majority of the company's revenue is derived from its streaming unification services. Geographically, it derives the maximum revenue from America, and the rest from Europe, Asia-Pacific, the Middle East and India.

Plan B Media PCL is principally engaged in providing advertising media production, advertising space, and airtime rental services. The group has two principal reportable segments, which are the Out-of-home media segment comprising advertising media production, advertising space and airtime rental services, and Engagement marketing segment comprising sports marketing and artist management. The majority of its revenue is derived from the Out-of-home media segment.

Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings Inc is a provider of out-of-home advertising solutions. The company offers advertisers an opportunity to reach mass audiences across various high-traffic public spaces, by using its diverse portfolio of assets including roadside billboards, street furniture, and airport displays. Its reportable segments are; America (U.S. operations excluding airports), Airports (U.S. and Caribbean airport operations), and Other. A majority of its revenue is generated from the America segment which generates revenue from the sale of advertising on printed and digital out-of-home advertising displays such as bulletins, posters, street furniture, and others. Geographically, the company generates maximum revenue from the United States followed by Singapore.

Saregama India Ltd is a holding company, which engages in the production and distribution of music, television programs, and movies. It operates through the following segments: Music, Films/TV Serials, and Publication. The Music segment deals with the business of manufacturing and sale of Music storage devices viz. Carvaan, Music Card, etc, and dealing with related music rights. The Films/TV Serials and Event segment engaged in the production and sale/telecast/broadcast of films/TV Serials, pre-recorded programs, organizing live musical events, and dealing in film rights. The Publication segment publishes the weekly current affairs magazine ‘OPEN’ through its publication business. The firm derives a majority of its revenue from the Music segment.

APG SGA SA is a Swiss out-of-home advertising media company. As a media company, it transports advertising messages into public and private areas with posters, screens, and related media as promotions and mobile advertising. This media performance is generated in streets, city centers, pedestrian zones, railway stations, shopping centers, airports, tourist resorts, and on the outside and inside of public transport vehicles. The company's regional segments are Switzerland, and Serbia, out of which a majority of its revenue comes from Switzerland.

Evertz Technologies Ltd is a supplier of software, equipment and technology solutions to the television broadcast, telecommunications, professional audio-visual, government, military, enterprise, and new media sectors. The Company designs, manufactures and distributes video and audio infrastructure solutions for the production, post-production, broadcast and telecommunications markets. It operates in a single reportable segment, the video and audio infrastructure solutions market. Its solutions are Asset Management & Playout, Multiviewers, Audio Production, Optical Media Transport, Data Analytics, Remote Production, Direct-to-Consumer, RF Solutions, IP for Broadcast Facilities (SDVN), Ultra HD & HDR Broadcast, Live Production, Video Delivery Platform, Media Networking & Processing.

Ciwen Media Co Ltd is a China-based company engaged in the investment, manufacture, and publication of movie and television plays. It is also engaged in the research, development, and promotion of games, artist brokerage business and the provision of information technology. The company distributes its products within domestic market and to overseas markets.

Septeni Holdings Co Ltd is a Japanese Internet marketing company, providing marketing support services based primarily on Internet ads. Its business activities are divided into two segments including Internet marketing business and Media content business. The Internet marketing business segment includes a social media business that provides marketing services for customers on various global social media networks. The company's media content segment plans, develops and operates media and content specializing in Manga art for mobile phone advertisements. Septeni's primary revenue source geographically is Japan and it also operates subsidiaries in the United Kingdom, South Korea, and the United States.

OOh media operates a network of out-of-home advertising sites with a commanding 35% share of the Australian market, and also has a sizable presence in New Zealand. It boasts a diverse portfolio of locations to service the needs of out-of-home marketers, and is particularly strong in the roadside billboard, street furniture and rail, and retail (shopping malls) segments. OOh!media offers these advertising services by entering into space lease arrangements with owners of out-of-home sites, and extracting margins on those lease concessions from firms advertising on those sites. oOh!media is effectively an intermediary allowing site owners to monetize their visible space in high-traffic areas.

Vector Inc is a Japanese-based company involved in four main businesses which are public relation (PR), Digital PR, Facebook marketing and Facebook marketing business. The company provides various services as per the requirements of companies and consumers. In addition, it also offers other services covering areas such as management, finance, accounting, human resources, administration, internal controls, and audits.

FILA-Fabbrica Italiana Lapis ed Affini SpA operates in the creativity tools market, producing colouring, design, modelling, writing and painting objects, such as pencils, crayons, modelling clay, chalk, oil colours, acrylics, watercolours, paints and paper for the fine arts, school and leisure. The company, along with its subsidiaries, reports its business segments based on entity location and include Europe, North America (USA and Canada), Central and South America, Asia and the Rest of the World.

Entravision Communications Corp owns and operates Spanish language television and radio stations in the United States. The Company also owns and operates a smaller group of television stations that broadcast English language programming and has operations that provide programmatic advertising technology and services. The Company has organized its operations into two reportable segments. Its media segment includes its television, radio, and digital marketing operations. Its advertising and technology services segment provides programmatic advertising and technology services. The company generates the majority of its revenue from the Media segment. Geographically, the company generates the majority of its revenue from the United States.