C3is Valuation Multiples

HD Hyundai Heavy Industries is engaged in shipbuilding and heavy-industry manufacturing. The company operates through four segments: Engine Machinery, Offshore Plant, Shipbuilding, and Others. The Engine Machinery segment produces marine engines, diesel power systems, pumps, and fluid machinery. The Offshore Plant segment handles the construction and installation of offshore structures, floating production units, and power-generation equipment. The Shipbuilding segment manufactures crude-oil carriers, container ships, product tankers, LNG carriers, and naval vessels. The Others segment covers leisure and performance-related facilities. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Shipbuilding segment.

China CSSC Holdings Ltd is a China-based company engaged in the business activities of shipbuilding and ship repair. Its main products are a Capesize bulk carrier, Floating production storage and offloading, Aframax tanker, and others. In addition, the company is also involved in the business activities of the power business, marine engineering, and electromechanical equipment.

Denmark-listed A.P. Moller-Maersk operates trade, shipping, logistics, and terminal assets globally. The oceans segment, the largest contributor to group revenue and earnings, has the second-largest oceangoing shipping capacity globally. Maersk has acquired several logistics firms in the past couple of years and plans for the segment to be the company's growth engine. Over the past few years, Maersk has divested noncore operations, including its long-standing stakes in Danske Bank and Dansk Supermarked, as well as its oil and gas operations and ocean towing.

COSCO SHIPPING Holdings Co Ltd is an investment holding company. The company's operating segments include the Container shipping business, Terminal business, and Corporate and other operations. It generates maximum revenue from the Container shipping business segment. Its geographical segments include America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Mainland China, and Other international markets.

International Container Terminal Services Inc is a container-handling and terminal company. The company operates, manages, develops, and acquires container terminals to handle import and export cargo shipped in containers. Besides, the firm provides storage, container stripping and stuffing, and maintenance services. The company organises itself into three geographical segments: Asia; Europe, Middle East, and Africa; and Americas. The company derives the majority portion of revenue from the Asia segment, followed by the Americas and EMEA.

German-listed Hapag-Lloyd AG operates global trade, shipping, inland services, and terminal assets globally. Hapag-Lloyd liner shipping, the largest contributor to group revenue and earnings, has the fifth-largest shipping capacity globally. Hapag also provides a range of services, including e-business solutions, inland services, and terminal operations.

Wartsila is a global manufacturer of critical equipment and services for the marine and energy markets with operations in over 70 countries. Approximately one-half of the group’s sales are derived from the sale of services and spare parts through its network of 258 sales and service network locations. Wartsila is listed on the Nasdaq Helsinki exchange in Finland. Approximately one in three oceangoing vessels has a Wartsila solution on board, translating into an installed base of over 50,000 vessels and 10,000 customers.

Hanwha Ocean manufactures various types of commercial and specialty ships and operates offshore and onshore industrial plants. It is a shipbuilding and marine specialized company that builds various ships, offshore plants, drilling ships, floating oil production facilities, submarines, and destroyers. The company builds various types of ships, including carriers, containerships, submarines, and other vessels. The company's industrial plants focus on oil and gas exploration, chemical, seawater treatment, and power. It helps supply electricity, water, and other resources and utilizes differentiated technology to provide clean energy.

China Merchants Energy Shipping Co Ltd is a China-based company that engages in tanker transportation, bulk cargo vessel transportation, and liquid natural gas (LNG) vessel transportation. It provides a full range of energy transportation services running a large diversity of vessels, including crude oil tankers, dry bulk carriers, and LNG carriers. It provides services to customers from China, Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia, the United States, and other countries.

Shanghai International Port (Group) Co Ltd is the world's largest container port in terms of throughput volume, and a major trans-shipment hub in China. It engages in handling port containers and bulk cargo along with other container-related services in the Yangtze River Delta. The gross profit in core port operation is approximately 72% in containers, 2% in bulk cargo, and 26% in port logistics and services. The Shanghai state-owned Asset Supervision and Administration Commission holds approximately a 44% stake in SIPG.

Samsung Heavy Industries Co Ltd is a South Korean-based shipbuilding and construction company. The company has two reportable segments: Shipbuilding Offshore and Energy Infrastructure Solution. The Shipbuilding Offshore segment derives revenue from LNG ships, container ships, FLNG and related products, serving mainly overseas ship owners. The Energy Infrastructure Solution segment is involved in civil engineering, architecture and related infrastructure products, with the majority of customers including construction companies. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Shipbuilding Offshore segment.

COSCO SHIPPING Energy Transportation Co Ltd engages in the shipping business. The firm's business covers oil shipping, which includes vessel chartering. The company operates through the following segments: Oil transportation, LNG shipping, LPG transportation, and Chemical transportation. The majority of the firm's revenue is dominated by the Oil transportation segment.

Nippon Yusen Kabushiki Kaisha is a Japan-based shipping and transportation company. The company operates through seven segments. The Automotive Business covers ocean-going cargo shipping and automobile logistics. Dry Bulk Cargo Business focuses on bulk cargo transport and ship chartering. Energy Business handles shipping and chartering related to energy transport. Liner & Logistics Business includes Air Transport, Liner Shipping with agency, container terminal, port, and tugboat operations, and Logistics covering warehousing, freight forwarding, and coastal freight. Other Business involves real estate leasing and sales, passenger ship services, machinery and equipment wholesale, transportation support, information processing, and petroleum product sales.

Evergreen Marine Corp (Taiwan) Ltd is mainly engaged in domestic and international marine transportation, shipping agency services, commercial port area ship repair services, and the distribution of containers. Along with its subsidiaries, it operates in the following reportable segments: Transportation Department, which derives maximum revenue, and Other Departments. Geographically, the group generates maximum revenue from Asia (excluding Taiwan), followed by Taiwan, America, Europe, and other regions.

Mitsui O.S.K. Lines Ltd is a Japanese transportation and logistics company. The company operates through seven segments. The Car Carrier/Ports & Logistics segment manages car carriers. The Container Ship segment operates containerships. The Dry Bulk segment handles bulk vessels, and the Energy segment operates tankers, LNG carriers, and marine businesses. The Ferry/Domestic RORO Ship/Cruise segment provides passenger and cargo transport and cruise services. The Real Estate segment covers leasing and building management. Related Business includes tugboat and trading operations, while Others covers ship operation, management, chartering, and finance.

HMM is an integrated logistics and shipping company. It provides shipping services covering container, bulk, and specialized cargo, including reefer, oversized, and hazardous shipments. The company supports a wide range of industries through its extensive fleet, container service network, and integrated logistics facilities. Its operating segments include Bulk, Containers, and Others.

Orient Overseas (International) Ltd is engaged in container transport and logistics. Container transport and logistics include containerized shipping services in trade lanes, covering Trans-Pacific, Trans-Atlantic, Asia/Europe, Asia/Australia, and Intra-Asia trades, and integrated services over the management and control of effective storage and flow of goods. Revenue comprises gross freight income, charter hire, service, and other income from the operation of the container transport and logistics and rental income from the investment property. Its segments are Container transport and logistics and Others.

SITC International Holdings Co Ltd is a shipping company operating within Asia are principally engaged in the provision of integrated shipping logistics services, including the provision of container transportation, freight forwarding, shipping agency, depot, warehousing services, container vessel leasing, land leasing and other services. It has two reportable segments which are the container shipping and logistics segment, which is engaged in the provision of integrated logistics services, including the provision of container transportation, freight forwarding, shipping agency, depot and warehousing services. The dry bulk and others segment, which is engaged in the provision of dry bulk vessel leasing, land leasing and other services.

Adnoc Logistics & Services PLC provides fully integrated, end-to-end services to ADNOC Group companies and its extensive range of customers in the energy maritime industry. Its business is organized into various segments namely Integrated Logistics, Shipping, Services, and Others. The majority of the company's revenue is generated from the Integrated logistics segment.

Ningbo Zhoushan Port Co Ltd operates in the ports of Ningbo and Zhoushan, China. The Company handles containers, minerals, crude oil, liquid chemical products and other goods. The company also provides port leasing, ship agency and logistics services.

Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha Ltd is a Japan-based company engaged in the logistics business. The company operates its business through three segments. The Dry Bulk segment covers bulk cargo shipping. The Energy Resources segment includes liquefied natural gas transportation, oil tankers, offshore operations, and electric power businesses. The Product Logistics segment handles car carrier services, logistics, coastal and domestic shipping, and containership operations. The Others segment consists of ship management, travel agency, and real estate leasing and management businesses not included in the main reporting segments. It generates the majority of its revenue from the Product logistics segment.

Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd is a defense public sector undertaking shipyard under the Ministry of Defence. The company is engaged in building and repairing ships, submarines, various types of vessels, and related engineering products for its customers. The company's activities are the construction of warships, ferries, tugs, dredgers, barges, submarines, merchant ships, etc., with facilities situated in Mumbai and Nhava. It also offers ship designing, ship repairs and refit, tug support, and other related services. The company is organized into two segments: Shipbuilding and Submarine (New Construction and Repairs) and others.

MISC Bhd is a maritime logistics company domiciled in Malaysia. The company organizes itself into five segments; Gas Assets & Solutions segment includes the provision of liquefied natural gas (LNG) carrier services and non-conventional gas asset solutions, Petroleum & Product Shipping segment includes the provision of petroleum tanker and chemical tanker services, Offshore Business segment owns, lease, operation, and maintenance of offshore, floating, production, and offloading terminals, Marine & Heavy Engineering segment include marine repair, marine conversion, and engineering and construction works, and Others segment includes integrated marine services, port & terminal services, maritime education & training, and other diversified businesses.

China Merchants Port Holdings Co Ltd is a company that operates ports. It has a port network that is geographically diversified and stretches along China's coastline, with a growing presence in overseas ports. The company's segments include port operations, covering container, bulk, and general cargo terminal operations managed by the Group, associates, and joint ventures. Bonded logistics operations involve logistic park management and port transportation. Other activities include property development and investment, logistics operations by associates, and property investments by the Group, all supported by integral corporate functions.

National Shipping Company of Saudi Arabia engaged in purchasing, selling and operating vessels for the coordination of transport & storage on board vessels, transportation of cargo, cargo clearance, agencies for maritime shipping companies and all marine transport activities. The Group performs its operations through four segments which are Transportation of oil, Transportation of chemicals, Logistics and Transportation of dry bulk. The company earns maximum revenue from the Transportation of oil segment which is provider of crude oil transportation services.

Qingdao Port International Co Ltd is a Chinese company that acts as an operator of the Port of Qingdao. It provides a range of port-related services including basic port services such as stevedoring and storage services, ancillary and extended services such as logistics and financing-related services. The company has six operating segments; container handling and ancillary services, metal ore, coal, and other cargo handling and ancillary services, liquid bulk handling and ancillary services, logistics and port value-added services, port ancillary services, and financial services. It derives a majority of its revenue from the logistics and port value-added services segment followed by metal ore, coal, and other cargo handling segment and liquid bulk handling and ancillary services segment.

China Merchants Port Group Co Ltd is engaged in port operations, ancillary port-related services, and bonded logistics operations. The operating segments of the company are; Port operations; Containers providing ship berthing, loading, and unloading services, and offer container storage services, and Bulk cargoes: the Company is engaged in bulk cargo handling and transportation in port zones and storage services in yards, The ancillary port-related services include smart port solutions, smart port technology operation, and other port information technology businesses, and Bonded logistics operations include services like a warehouse, yard leasing, loading and unloading in warehouses/yards, customs clearance and division or merger of cargoes at terminals.

Kirby Corp is a domestic tank barge operator, transporting bulk liquid products throughout three United States coasts. The Company transports petrochemicals, liquid cargoes, inland waterway systems, and dry bulk cargoes. The Company conducts operations in two reportable business segments: The Marine transportation segment which provides marine transportation services, operating tank barges and towing vessels transporting bulk liquid products, and the Distribution and services segment, which provides after-market service, and genuine replacement parts for engines, transmissions, reduction gears, and power generation equipment used in oil and gas and commercial and industrial applications. The company's majority revenue is generated from the Marine Transportation segment.

Wan Hai Lines Ltd is a transportation and logistics company domiciled in Taiwan. The company develops and operates terminals, container yards, and warehouses, and provides container shipping services through its fleet of vessels. Besides, the company constructs and maintains cargo containers, provides container loading and unloading services, and constructs and maintains ships. The company generates the majority of its revenue from Freight, Rentals, followed by WHL Terminals and Other services in geographical regions that include Asia, followed by India, the Middle East, and the Red Sea.

Qatar Gas Transport Co Ltd (Nakilat) QSC is a shipping company. The main purpose of the Company is to work in the industry of gas transport either through direct acquisition of ocean-going vessels or by investing in joint ventures with other parties. In addition to its core shipping activities, the company operates the Erhama Bin Jaber Al Jalahma Shipyard in Ras Laffan Industrial City, providing comprehensive ship repair and offshore fabrication services via strategic joint ventures: Qatar Shipyard Technology Solutions and Qatar Fabrication Company (QFAB).

SODEP -Marsa Maroc SA is engaged in the management of port terminals. The company offers its customers, importers and exporters, ship owners and shipping agents, freight forwarders, and logistics companies, a wide range of port logistics services. The services offered fall into two categories: services to ships such as piloting, towing, mooring and refueling; and services to goods which includes basic services like handling on board ships and on the dockside, storing, pointing, weighing, stuffing and unstuffing of containers and other related services. The company's segment consists of container, solid bulk, conventional, liquid bulk, Ro-Ro, passengers.

Abu Dhabi Ports Co PJSC owns, operates, maintains, manages, and develops all ports, docks, harbors, quays, waterways, bridges, breakwaters, infrastructure, and related installations in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. It also constructs, manages, and develops the industrial, commercial, and non-financial service-free zones on plots of land granted or allocated by the Government of Abu Dhabi. The company's segments include Ports, Economic Cities and Free Zones (EC&FZ), Logistics, Maritime & Shipping, Digital and Corporate.

Wallenius Wilhelmsen ASA is an integrated vehicle transportation and logistics company, supporting customers across their supply chain, all the way from the factory to the end-consumer. The company has three reportable operating segments, namely Shipping services, Logistics services and Government services. It generates maximum revenue from the Shipping services segment. The shipping services segment is engaged in the ocean transport of cars and RoRo cargo. Its main customers are car manufacturers as well as manufacturers of construction and other high and heavy equipment. Geographically, it derives a majority of its revenue from the Americas.

JSW Infrastructure Ltd is predominantly engaged in one business segment, namely developing, operating, and maintaining the Ports services, Ports-related Infrastructure development activities, and development of infrastructure. It derives a majority of its revenue in India.

Golar LNG Ltd is a midstream LNG company that operates in the transportation, regasification, liquefaction, and trading of LNG. The segment in which the group operates includes Shipping, FLNG (Floating Liquefaction Natural Gas vessels), and Corporate and other. It generates maximum revenue from the FLNG segment.

Yang Ming Marine Transport Corp is a transportation and logistics company that is headquartered in Taiwan and operates in the container shipping industry. It generates revenue from contracts with customers for providing domestic and overseas marine container shipping and passenger services. The company also earns revenue from operating leases on ships, containers, and warehouses. It earns the portion of its sales from customers in America, followed by Europe and Asia.

Matson Inc is engaged in providing ocean transportation and logistics services. The business segments of the company are Ocean Transportation which provides ocean freight transportation services to the domestic non-contiguous economies of Hawaii, Alaska, California, Okinawa, and different islands in the South Pacific, and Logistics segment which offers long haul and regional highway trucking services, warehousing and distribution services, supply chain management, and freight forwarding services. The firm generates the majority of its revenue from the Ocean Transportation segment.

Westports Holdings Bhd is a port and logistics company domiciled in Malaysia. The company predominantly develops and operates a port under the Westports brand in Port Klang, Malaysia. Westports provides container services; conventional services, including break bulk, dry bulk, and liquid bulk; and other marine facilities. In addition to core port operations, the company provides bulk storage, refrigerated container storage, and bunkering services to supply fuel to ships. The company derives its revenue domestically.

Liaoning Port Co Ltd is a China-based company providing port and logistics services. It operates in seven segments: Oil/liquefied chemicals terminal and related logistics services; Container terminal and related logistics services; Bulk and general cargo terminal and related logistics services; Bulk grain terminal and related logistics services; Passenger and roll-on, roll-off terminal and related logistics services; Port value-added and ancillary services; and Automobile terminal and related logistics services. The company derives maximum revenue from Container terminal and related logistics services segment.

CSSC Offshore & Marine Engineering (Group) Co Ltd manufactures military and civil ships and conducts off-shore engineering. The functions of the boats have a wide range, including military, patrol, rescue, and transportation. Multiple subsidiaries allow the company to produce multiple ships and supply customized maintenance for clients. The company operates through the following business segments: Shipbuilding and related business which generates key revenue, Steel Structure engineering, Ship maintenance, and others.

Fincantieri is one of the world’s largest shipbuilding groups, operating across the defense, commercial, and specialized maritime sectors. The company designs and builds a wide range of vessels, including cruise ships, naval combatants, submarines, and offshore and specialized ships. It also provides lifecycle support and system integration services. Fincantieri is organized into four main divisions—shipbuilding; equipment, systems, and infrastructure; offshore and specialized vessels; and underwater systems—covering the full spectrum of defense and commercial shipbuilding.

NMDC Group PJSC operates as an integrated energy and marine services, engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) organization. The group consists of four business units: NMDC Dredging & Marine, NMDC Energy, NMDC Engineering, and NMDC Construction.

Hafnia Ltd is one of the tanker owners, transporting oil, oil products and chemicals for national and international oil companies, chemical companies, as well as trading and utility companies. As owners and operators of around 200 vessels, It offers a fully integrated shipping platform, including technical management, commercial and chartering services, pool management, and a large-scale bunker procurement desk.

COSCO SHIPPING Development Co Ltd is a China-based company operating and managing container shipping. Its services include container transportation, vessel chartering, cargo canvassing and booking, customs clearance, depot services, container construction, sales, purchase, and vessel management. The operating business segments are the shipping leasing and container leasing business segment, which renders vessel chartering, container leasing, and finance lease services; the Container manufacturing segment, which manufactures and sells containers; the Investment management business segment, which focuses on equity or debt investment and insurance brokerage services.

Tidewater Inc provides marine and transportation services to the offshore energy industry. The company's vessels and associated services support all phases of offshore crude oil and natural gas (also referred to as oil and gas) exploration activities, field development, production, and maintenance, as well as windfarm development and maintenance. Its services include towing and anchor handling for mobile offshore drilling units; transporting supplies and personnel necessary to sustain drilling, workovers, production activities, field abandonment, dismantlement, and restoration activities; and Others. The group manages its business through five segments including the Americas, Asia Pacific, Middle East, Europe/Mediterranean, and West Africa.

International Seaways Inc owns and operates a fleet of oceangoing vessels engaged in the transportation of crude oil and petroleum products. The company's vessel operations are organized into two segments: Crude Tankers and Product Carriers. The fleet consists of ULCC, VLCC, Suezmax, Aframax, and Panamax crude tankers, as well as LR1, LR2, and MR product carriers.

Agility Global PLC is engaged in the activities of holding companies. It is an owner and operator and long-term investor in businesses belonging to different sectors. Some of its owned and operated businesses include Menzies Aviation, Tristar, Agility Logistics Parks, GCC Services, and others.

TORM PLC operates as a shipping company. The company owns and operates product tankers. It is engaged in the transportation of refined oil products The company transports clean petroleum products including gasoline, jet fuel, naphtha, and diesel oil, as well as other clean products. Its segments include the Tanker segment, and Marine Engineering segment. The company derives maximum revenue from Tanker segment.