Beijing United Valuation Multiples

Alibaba is the world's largest online and mobile commerce company as measured by gross merchandise volume. It operates China's online marketplaces, including Taobao (consumer-to-consumer) and Tmall (business-to-consumer). The China retail e-commerce platform is the most valuable cash flow-generating business at Alibaba. Additional revenue sources include China wholesale e-commerce, international retail and wholesale e-commerce, local consumer services, travel services, cloud computing, digital media and entertainment, Cainiao logistics services, and other businesses.

Carvana Co is an e-commerce platform for buying and selling used cars. The company derives revenue from used vehicle sales, wholesale vehicle sales and other sales and revenues. The other sales and revenues include sales of loans originated and sold in securitization transactions or to financing partners, commissions received on VSCs and sales of GAP waiver coverage. The foundation of the business is retail vehicle unit sales. This drives the majority of the revenue and allows the company to capture additional revenue streams associated with financing, VSCs, auto insurance and GAP waiver coverage, as well as trade-in vehicles.

JD Health is the largest healthcare e-commerce platform in China in terms of revenue. The company offers pharmaceutical drugs and healthcare products on its platform, both as a marketplace that connects merchants to consumers and as a first-party, or 1P, direct retailer. It also offers online consultation from real life doctors and separately partners with offline pharmacies that can provide location-based 24/7 delivery as part of an omnichannel initiative to complement its core e-commerce business. Its closest competitors are Alibaba Health and Meituan for its e-commerce business. As of Dec. 31, 2024, the platform has over 200 million active annual users and over 70,000 merchants. JD Health is 67.49% owned by its parent company, JD.com.

Chewy is the largest e-commerce petcare retailer in the US, generating $11.9 billion in fiscal 2024 sales across pet food, treats, hard goods, and pharmacy categories. The firm was founded in 2011, acquired by PetSmart in 2017, and tapped public markets as a stand-alone company in 2019 after spending time developing under the aegis of the pet superstore chain. The firm generates sales from pet food, treats, over-the-counter medications, medical prescription fulfillment, and hard goods like crates, leashes, and bowls.

Lenskart Solutions Ltd is a technology-driven eyewear company, with a belief that clear vision is fundamental to personal development and well-being. It sells a range of eyewear products including prescription eyeglasses, sunglasses, and other products such as contact lenses and eyewear accessories.

Alibaba Health is of one of China's leading e-commerce platform specializing in healthcare-related products, including prescription drugs, OTC drugs, traditional Chinese medicine, health foods, and so on. The company operates both a third-party B2C service, or 3P, and its own direct-to-consumer business, or 1P, with its own inventory, which can both be accessed by Alibaba’s Tmall app and Alipay. The company also provides online consultation services in a separate app called Yilu or “Dr. Deer,” although its e-commerce businesses remain its core competency in the long-term. E-commerce accounted for 93% of revenue in fiscal year 2022. We estimate that AliHealth holds about 45% of market share in the industry in terms of GMV. AliHealth is 63.74% owned by its parent company, Alibaba Group.

Wayfair engages in e-commerce in the United States (88% of 2025 sales), Canada, the United Kingdom, and Ireland. It's also embarked on expansion into the brick-and-mortar landscape, with 12 stores (excluding outlets) between the AllModern, Birch Lane, Joss & Main, and Wayfair banners. At the end of 2025, the firm offered more than 40 million products from more than 20,000 suppliers under the brands Wayfair, Joss & Main, AllModern, Birch Lane, and Perigold. Its offerings include furniture, everyday and seasonal decor, decorative accents, housewares, as well as advertising and logistics services. Wayfair was founded in 2002 and began trading publicly in 2014.

Vipshop is a leading Chinese online discount retailer offering branded products at attractive discounts ranging from 10%-90% off their original price through daily flash sales. It operates warehousing, retailing, product procurements, software development, and information technology support in-house while outsourcing to third-party logistics providers for distribution and shipments. Branded products on Vipshop’s platform are sourced mostly through a consignment model with global brand partners . As of March 31, 2025, Eric Ya Shen, chairman and CEO, had 64.5% voting rights. Leading Chinese social media firm and strategic shareholder Tencent also holds an 12.5% interest.

Zalando, founded in 2008, is Europe’s biggest pure-play online fashion platform. Zalando is present in 25 European countries, and its major market is the DACH region, comprising Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. The company commands around 12% market share in European online apparel sales. After the About You acquisition, it has 17 fulfillment centers, offers over 7,000 brands, and as of September 2025, had 61 million active users (more than 10% of the population in countries where the firm has a presence).

Zozo was established in 1998 by Yusaku Maezawa (founder and former CEO), and its main business is Zozotown, the largest fashion e-commerce platform in Japan. Zozotown’s business consists mainly of consignment sales, where each brand’s products are stocked in Zozotown’s logistics bases, and brands open their shops on Zozotown as tenants. As of 2025, Zozotown sold clothing from over 9,000 brands and boasted about 12.8 million annual active users. Zozo acquired LYST, a UK-based fashion e-commerce platform operator, in 2025.

MonotaRO Co is a Japanese e-commerce company selling industrial supply products.

Global E Online Ltd provides e-commerce solutions. The company offers a platform to enable and accelerate direct-to-consumer cross-border e-commerce. The platform was purpose-built for international shoppers to buy seamlessly online and for merchants to sell from and anywhere in the world. The company localizes the shopper experience to make international transactions as seamless as domestic ones. The platform increases the conversion of international traffic into sales by removing much of the complexity associated with international e-commerce. The company derives maximum revenue from the United States.

Inchcape PLC, based in the United Kingdom, is a distributor and retailer of premium and luxury automobiles through partnerships with original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). The company has three reportable segments and two operating business units: distribution and retail. The distribution segment delivers new vehicles and parts in three geographies (Asia Pacific (APAC), the Americas, Europe and Africa) and provides associated marketing and logistics operations. The retail segment sells new and used vehicles in the U.K. and Europe. The company’s profitable revenue sources are distribution services performed in APAC and retail services in the U.K. and Europe.

Openlane Inc provides a digital marketplace for used vehicles, connecting sellers and buyers in North America and Europe for fast and transparent transactions. Its services include financing, repossessions, repairs, transportation, warranty, and inventory management. The company operates used-vehicle auctions and has two main segments: Marketplace and Finance, with majority revenue coming from the Marketplace segment, which to used vehicle remarketing, including marketplace services, remarketing, or make ready services and all are interrelated, synergistic elements along the auto remarketing chain. The Finance segment, through AFC engaged in business of providing short-term, inventory-secured financing to independent vehicle dealers.

Founded in 2000, Ocado provides automation and logistics solutions to grocers. Ocado operates in two segments: logistics and solutions. Logistics provides fulfillment and delivery services in the United Kingdom. Solutions is based on the Ocado Smart Platform, a modular, automated online retail fulfillment and delivery solution that provides software, fulfillment hardware, and support services to corporate customers in return for upfront and recurring fees. Partners include leading grocers around the world, like Sobeys, Morrisons, ICA, Groupe Casino, Bon Preu, Kroger, and Coles. Ocado also has a 50% stake in Ocado Retail, a pure-play e-grocery business. The other 50% is owned by Marks & Spencer.

Focus Technology Co Ltd is an Internet carrier in China. By introducing the Internet respectively into foreign trade, insurance, corporate procurement, medical, and other fields, Focus Tech successfully developed the following products: Made-in-China.com, Abiz.com, xyz.cn, StudyFun, Jiankang51.cn, and others.

Modivo SA operates in the footwear and apparel segment across multiple European markets. The group follows an omnichannel retail model that includes a network of physical stores and e-commerce platforms. Its operations are conducted under several brands, including CCC, HalfPrice, eobuwie.pl, MODIVO, Worldbox, and Boardriders.

Revolve Group Inc is an emerging e-commerce retailer, selling women’s dresses, handbags, shoes, beauty products, and incidentals across its marketplace properties, Revolve and FWRD. The platform is built to suit the "next-generation customer," emphasizing mobile commerce, influencer marketing, and occupying an aspirational but attainable luxury niche. With $1.1 billion in 2024 net sales, the firm sits just outside the top 30 apparel retailers (by sales) in the U.S, but has consistently generated robust top-line growth as the industry continues to favor digital channels. Revolve generates approximately 18% of sales from private-label offerings, while focusing on building an inventory of distinctive products from emerging fashion brands with less than $10 million in annual sales.

Syoung Group Co Ltd is an e-commerce company. It owns multiple independent skincare brands such as Yunifang, Xiaomazu, Dadihui, and Huayaohua.

Tuhu Car Inc operates an integrated online and offline platforms for automotive service in China. Online, the company streamlines diverse car service needs into one centralized platform through its flagship TUHU Automotive Service APP and online interfaces, delivering the digital and on-demand service experience to customers. Offline, the company has three different types of stores, including self-operated Tuhu workshops, franchised Tuhu workshops, and third-party partner stores. It serves the passenger vehicle models sold in China, fulfilling automotive service demands ranging from tires and chassis parts replacement to auto maintenance, repair, detailing, and more. All of the company’s geographic operations are carried out in PRC.

Hangzhou Onechance Tech Crop is a Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) vertical marketing e-commerce operator. The major business of the company is providing e-commerce operating service which is covering all channels of the network for well-known FMCG brands at home and abroad. It offers one package service which contains image-building of brand, design and planning of product, integrated marketing planning, visual design, big data analysis, online brand operation, precise advertising, CRM management, pre-sales and after-sales service, warehousing and logistics, which will assist brands to improve their popularity and market share.

Brainbees Solutions Ltd is engaged in the business of buying, selling, advertising, and promoting baby and kids products and Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) goods on a wholesale basis through various business partners. It also runs the pre-school business for kids through various franchisee partners in India.

ACV Auctions Inc operates a mobile platform for wholesale car auctions. It provides a digital marketplace for wholesale vehicle transactions and data services that offer transparent and accurate vehicle information for customers. Additionally, the company's marketplace platform is supported by remarketing centers in various locations throughout the United States.

We Buy Cars Holding Ltd is an automotive retailer focused on buying, reconditioning, and retail sales through both physical supermarkets and its digital platforms. The company's two reportable segments are: i) Buyer, distributor and retailer of pre-owned motor vehicles with the attendant sale of finance and insurance products and other ancillary products. ii) Property rental: Rental of warehouses to group companies. The majority of the company's revenue is derived from the Buyer, distributor and retailer of pre-owned motor vehicles segment.

SFC Holdings Co Ltd focuses on cross-border e-commerce export business, insists on using software and data technology as its basis, and is committed to improving the efficiency of cross-border trade by establishing an e-commerce ecosystem. The company's e-commerce business covers most countries and regions worldwide, providing local consumers with various product consumption options. It bridges more than 30 overseas third-party e-commerce shopping platforms, including Amazon, eBay, AliExpress, etc., and China's manufacturing supply chain as the world's factory. It uses technology and innovation to allow overseas consumers to enjoy the benefits of globalization.

Apotea AB (publ) is engaged in the online pharmacy with fast deliveries, good prices and a large selection. Its vision is to be tomorrow's pharmacy by constantly facilitating and simplifying for the customer.

Moonpig Group PLC operates in the gifting market. The company is an online greeting cards and gifting platform, comprising the Moonpig, Red Letter Days, and Buyagift brands in the UK and the Greetz brand in the Netherlands. Its products and services include a range of cards, a curated range of gifts, personalization features, and next-day delivery offerings. The company's operating segments are Moonpig, which derives key revenue, Greetz, and Experiences. Geographically, the company generates maximum revenue from the United Kingdom and the rest from the Netherlands, Ireland, the United States, and Australia.

GoodRx Holdings Inc is a consumer-focused digital healthcare platform that aims to lower the cost of healthcare in the United States. It operates a price comparison platform that provides consumers with curated, geographically relevant prescription pricing, and provides access to negotiated prices through codes that can be used to save money on prescriptions across the United States. GoodRx generates revenue from core business from pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) that manage formularies and prescription transactions including establishing pricing between consumers and pharmacies. It also offers various healthcare products and services, including pharma manufacturer solutions, subscriptions, and telehealth services.

Boozt AB is a Nordic technology company selling fashion, apparel, and beauty online. The company operates in two segments: Boozt.com, and Booztlet.com. The Boozt.com segment consists of the operational activities related to the multi-brand webstore Boozt.com. The webstore Boozt.com is the online destination for Fashion, Kids, Sports, Beauty, and Home, tailored to deliver convenience and a curated selection of brands. The Booztlet.com segment consists of the operational activities related to Booztlet.com. The Booztlet.com segment mainly operates as the group's channel for inventory clearance, retailing items that did not sell within an allotted time frame in the webstores. The majority of its revenue is derived from Boozt.com. Geographically, the majority is derived from the Nordics.

CEWE Stiftung & Co KGaA is a German-based company which provides photo service, photo retail business, and commercial online printing. The company operates a business through three segments through photofinishing, retail, and commercial online printing. Its Photofinishing segment works on the printing of photos of analogue or digital origin. Retail unit trades photo hardware and photo products to end consumers using various brands such as Fotojoker, Fotolab and Japan Photo, among others. The Online Printing unit operates through online printing portals, such as www.cewe-print.de and others. The company derives it's majority of the revenue from photofinishing activity in Germany.

HelloFresh SE provides fresh, healthy, and personalized meal solutions. The company operates an internet platform that provides customers the choice between various kinds of meals and recipes to be delivered on selected weekdays. It operates in two geographical regions: International and USA. The international segment comprises operations in the United Kingdom, The Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Denmark, Ireland, Italy, Japan, France, New Zealand, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Australia, Germany, Austria, Canada, and Switzerland. The USA segment comprises operations in the United States of America.

ASKUL Corp is a Japanese company mainly offering office products and accessories. The business has two main segments: the office-related products and other delivery. The office-related product segment consists of personal computer and accessories, office supplies, and furniture. The other delivery segment provides cargo transportation services for corporations.

Newegg Commerce Inc is an e-commerce company offering direct sales and an online marketplace platform for IT computer components, consumer electronics, entertainment, smart home, and gaming products and provides certain third-party logistics services globally. Geographically, it operates in United States, Canada, and Rest of World.

AO World PLC is a European retailer that specializes in electrical products. The company's primary markets include essential domestic appliances, small domestic appliances, and audiovisual equipment. Within the domestic appliances category, AO collaborates with suppliers such as Fisher & Paykel, Daewoo, and Amica. The small domestic appliances segment encompasses a variety of appliances including food preparation appliances, kitchen appliances, and floorcare devices. Additionally, the company offers ancillary services to customers in the UK. AO's main geographical markets are the UK, Germany, and the Netherlands.

THG PLC is an online retailer. It provides an end-to-end direct-to-consumer ("D2C") e-commerce solution for consumer brand owners under a Software as a Service, in addition to stand-alone services, including hosting, content creation and translation. Its business is operated through four businesses: THG Ingenuity, THG Nutrition, THG Beauty and Other. The company operates in the United Kingdom.

Shanghai Lily & Beauty Cosmetics Co Ltd is a provider of online cosmetics marketing and retailing services in China. The company is authorized by and cooperating with the international cosmetics groups, such as Kanebo, AmorePacific, Henkel, has obtained the authorization of more than 50 renowned brands including Erno Laszlo, Whoo, Sulwhasoo, Laneige and Schwarzkopf to sell their products in China, as a reliable partner.

Betterware de Mexico SAPI de CV is a direct-to-consumer selling company. The company operates through two business segments: the home organization products (Betterware segment or BWM segment) and the beauty and personal care products (B and PC) (JAFRA segment). The Betterware’s segment is divided in seven categories of the home organization: Kitchen and food preservation, Home solutions, Bedroom, Bathroom, Laundry & Cleaning, Tech & mobility and wellness. The JAFRA’s segment is divided into four categories beauty and personal care: fragrance, color (cosmetics), skin care and toiletries. The company generates a majority of its revenue from the Beauty and personal care (B&PC) (JAFRA segment). Geographically, key revenue for the company is derived from Mexico.

Cars.com Inc is an online destination for buying and selling new and used vehicles. It is an audience-driven technology company empowering the automotive industry. The company brands include Dealer Inspire, DealerRater, FUEL, Accu-Trade, PickupTrucks.com, CreditIQ, and NewCars.com., websites directed towards different consumer segments.

Uxin Ltd is an investment holding company. Along with its subsidiaries, the firm operates used car e-commerce platforms through its mobile applications and websites. It facilitates used car transaction services and financing solutions offered by third-party financing partners to buyers for their used car purchases. The company generates revenue through sales of the commission of salvage car sales, and interest income from the financial lease. The Group generates its revenues in China, and assets of the company are also located in China Area.

Dingdong (Cayman) Ltd is the fastest growing on-demand e-commerce company in China. The company directly provides users and households with fresh produce, meat and seafood, and other daily necessities through a convenient shopping experience supported by an extensive self-operated frontline fulfillment grid. It recognizes revenues from product sales of fresh groceries and other daily necessities through Dingdong Fresh APP and mini-programs and membership services.

ZKH Group Ltd engages in providing MRO procurement service platform in China. It provides one-stop MRO procurement and management services for its customers, and offers digital and fulfillment solutions for participants along the industry value chain. It offers a broad range of MRO product offerings covering all MRO product lines on its platform, including spare parts, chemicals, manufacturing parts, general consumables, and office supplies. All of the Group’s revenues are derived from the PRC.

DocMorris AG is engaged in the fields of online pharmacy, marketplace, and professional healthcare with brands in Germany and other European countries. Its brands are DocMorris, PromoFarma by DocMorris, and TeleClinic. The Group's reportable segments are Germany and Europe. The Germany segment comprises the mail-order business in drugs and health products, as well as services for mail-order pharmacies. The Europe segment comprises the marketplace business of PromoFarma and Doctipharma. The majority of revenue is generated from Germany segment.

BHG Group AB is a consumer e-commerce company in the Nordics and is also present in the rest of Europe, as well as in selected markets outside of Europe. It provides Home improvement space, meaning Do-It-Yourself and Home furnishings. The company's operating segments are; Home Improvement which comprises brands targeted at Nordic DIY customers, such as Bygghemma, Taloon, Golvpoolen, Nordiska Fonster, Outlet1, Hafa, and Hylte Jakt & Tradgard; the Value Home segment which comprises brands with assortments for the home targeted at price-conscious European customers, such as Trademax, Chilli, Furniture 1 and Furniturebox, and the Premium Living segment which comprises brands with assortments of premium products within the Scandinavian design.

Nice One Beauty Digital Marketing Co operates as a online stores engaged in sale of beauty and personal care products. The company offers beauty and body care products, contact lenses, perfumes, skin and hair care products, as well as supplements. The Company's main activities are as Wholesale of textiles, clothing and footwear. Non-specialized wholesale trade.

YSB Inc is a digital pharmaceutical platform serving businesses outside of hospitals in China. The Group mainly engaged in i) wholesales of pharmaceutical and healthcare products offline or online through its online platform; ii) retail of pharmaceutical and healthcare products through its retail shops; iii) operating online platform that enable the pharmaceutical distributors and vendors to sell their own pharmaceutical and healthcare products using the Group’s online platform; iv) providing SaaS solution to downstream pharmacies to streamline their inventory management; and v) providing medical testing services to primary healthcare institutions. The Group principally operates in the PRC and generates the majority of its revenues from the PRC.

Haypp Group AB is engaged in the business of selling nicotine pouches and snus online in eight countries across Europe and in the United states. The company has two operating segments namely, Core and Growth. Core consists of the main markets, Sweden and Norway. Growth consists of the emerging markets which are USA, UK, Germany, Austria and Switzerland.

Aramis Group SA is engaged in the online sales of B2C used cars to private individuals in France, Belgium, Spain, United Kingdom, Austria and Italy. The principal business segments of the company are online vehicle distribution and the development of automotive services. Group offers its customers products and services that are complementary and related to its core business of selling vehicles, including financing, insurance, maintenance and vehicle accessories. The company comprises of six brands: Aramisauto, Cardoen, Clicars, Car Supermarket, Brumbrum and Onlinecars. The group operates in France, Belgium, Spain, UK, Austria, Italy, etc, with maximum revenue from France.

Terminal X Online Ltd is engaged in the import, marketing, and online sale of fashion items and lifestyles.